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28 results for “nitrogen allocation”
Soil nitrogen availability and acidity: effects on aboveground production and belowground carbon allocation in mid- and late-successional mixed temperate forests (2009-2021)
In 2011, an experimental nitrogen x pH manipulation study was initiated in mid- and late-successional mixed temperate forests in central New York, USA to disentangle the often-confounded roles of nitrogen (N) and soil pH in driving various ecosystem processes. This data package contains forest productivity (wood, litterfall, and aboveground net primary production), total belowground carbon flux (TBCF), and leaf litterfall and fine root chemistry (C and N concentration) data collected from all experimental plots. It also includes plot-level, species-weighted estimates of measured and modeled photosynthesis (Anet) for the late-successional stands. Wood production, litterfall production, and litterfall chemistry data were collected between 2009 and 2019. Aboveground net primary production data are reported for a pre-treatment interval (2009-2011) and the interval including years 6-9 of experimental treatment (2016-2019). All other properties were measured between years 9 and 11 of the experiment (2019-2021).
Block summaries of biomass, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus allocation among tissue types, species, and plant functional types from Arctic LTER 1981 Moist Acidic Tussock (MAT81) long-term experiment harvests: 2000 and 2015, Toolik Lake Field Station, Alaska.
A complete accounting of biomass, C, N, and P allocation both among tissue types (leaves, stems, rhizomes, roots) and among species and plant functional types from Arctic LTER 1981 Moist Acidic Tussock (MAT81) long-term experiment’s untreated control plots and plots that were fertilized annually, harvested after 20 and 35 years, near Toolik Lake Field Station, Alaska. Data are gram per meter squared summarized by block.
Soil organic matter and plant carbon allocated to nitrogen acquisition simulated by the FUN-BioCROP model
<p>This data package contains the model input, results, and validation data from Juice et al (citation below). The FUN-BioCROP model (Fixation and Uptake of Nitrogen- Bioenergy Carbon, Rhizosphere, Organisms, and Protection) advances the field of bioenergy modeling by integrating new empirical paradigms of the role of belowground processes in shaping coupled carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. It was developed by modifying the FUN-CORPSE model (Fixation and Uptake of Nitrogen- Carbon, Organisms, Rhizosphere, and Protection in the Soil Environment, Sulman et al. 2017 Ecology Letters) for use in bioenergy systems by including mechanistic tillage, organic matter addition, nitrogen fertilization, harvest, and feedstock-specific parameters, and to be driven by DayCent plant productivity and biomass data.</p>
Global variation in the fraction of leaf nitrogen allocated to photosynthesis
<p>ReadMe</p> <p>1. The datasets were produced based on the method described in Luo X. et al. Global variation in the fraction of leaf nitrogen allocated to photosynthesis. Nature Communications. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25163-9.</p> <p>2. Vcmax25_RF and fLNR_RF are the key output. Vcmax25_RF was estimated using random forest trained by ground observations, remote sensing leaf chlorophyll content and some ancillary environment variables. fLNR_RF was further calculated from Vcmax25_RF.</p> <p>3. Vcmax25_un and fLNR_un are the uncertainties of Vcmax25_RF and fLNR_RF. </p> <p>4. Note there are several gridded leaf nitrogen content maps (LNC; area-based) available for our derivation of fLNR from Vcmax25. In our study, we mainly use EB17, but also provide the results based on AMM18 and CB20 (see reference).</p> <p>5. Other Vcmax25 and fLNR datasets are provided for comparison. They are all driven by CRU TS4.01 climate data, soil grids soil data and EB17 leaf nitrogen/phosphorus datasets.</p> <p>If you have any questions about the dataset, please contact Xiangzhong (Remi) Luo at xzluo.remi@nus.edu.sg</p>
Aboveground biomass and nitrogen allocation of ten deciduous southern Appalachian tree species at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1997
Allometric equations were developed for mature trees of 10 deciduous species at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina, U.S.A. These equations included the following dependent variables: stem wood mass, stem bark mass, branch mass, total wood mass, foliage mass, total biomass, foliage area, stem surface area, sapwood volume, and total tree volume. High correlation coefficients (R2) were observed for all variables versus stem diameter, with the highest being for total tree biomass, which ranged from 0.981 for Oxdendrum arboreum to 0.999 for Quercus coccinea. Foliage area had the lowest R2 values, ranging from 0.555 for Quercus alba to 0.962 for Betula lenta. When all species were combined, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.822 for foliage area to 0.986 for total wood mass, total tree biomass, and total tree volume. Species with ring versus diffuse/semiring porous wood anatomy exhibited higher leaf area with a given cross-sectional sapwood area as well as lower total sapwood volume. Liriodendron tulipifera contained one of the highest foliar nitrogen concentrations and had consistently low branch, bark, sapwood, and heartwood nitrogen contents. For a tree diameter of 50 cm, Carya spp. exhibited the highest total nitrogen content whereas Liriodendron tulipifera exhibited the lowest.
Data for mycorrhizal C/N ratio determines plant-derived carbon and nitrogen allocation to symbiosis
<p><span><span>Nutrient cycling in temperate forests is driven by carbon allocation of trees to soil via ectomycorrhizas (EM). The sink activities of different fungal taxa for host resources are unknown. Aboveground dual </span><span>labeling of young beech<span> with <sup>15</sup>N and <sup>13</sup>C was used to trace resource transport to ectomycorrhizal root tips. Isotope enrichment in EM correlated with that in the corresponding EM-attached lateral root, supporting that EM drive taxon-specific N- and C-fluxes. The enrichments with <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N in EM increased with decreasing C/N ratio of the symbiotic association. Abundances of EM species were positively correlated with <sup>13</sup>C enrichment, demonstrating higher fitness of stronger than of less C-demanding symbioses. Overall, our results imply that differences among the resource traits of EM species regulate the supply of the symbioses with host-derived C and N.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span>Here we provide the data sets containing information on the identities of fungal species colonizing roots tips of European beech and for N, C, 15N and 13C contents in bark, coarse roots, fine roots, very fine lateral roots, ectomycorrhizal species and rhizosphere soil and for biomass of the different compartments. The data were collected 5 and 20 days after labelling.</span></span></span></p>
Drought intensity alters productivity, carbon allocation, and plant nitrogen uptake in fast versus slow grassland communities
<p><span>Grasslands face more frequent and extreme droughts, yet their responses to increasing drought intensity are poorly understood. Increasing drought intensity likely triggers abrupt shifts (thresholds) in grassland ecosystem functioning which can implicate recovery trajectories. </span></p> <p><span>Here, we determined how drought intensity affects plant productivity, and plant-soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. We exposed model grassland plant communities with contrasting resource acquisition strategies (a fast- vs a slow-strategy plant community), to a gradient of drought intensity. The drought gradient ranged from well-watered to severely water-limited conditions. We identified thresholds of plant community productivity (above-ground biomass) at peak drought and two months after re-wetting, and measured net ecosystem exchange and ecosystem respiration of carbon throughout the drought and recovery phases. At peak drought and one week after re-wetting, we traced recently acquired C from plants to the soil and into microbial biomass and fatty acids using <sup>13</sup>C pulse labelling, and measured plant and soil N. </span></p> <p><span>At peak drought, slow-strategy plant communities were more drought resistant than fast-strategy communities, as the threshold in plant productivity occurred at a higher drought intensity for the slow- than the fast-strategy community. Shortly after re-wetting, microbial uptake of recent plant-assimilated C increased with increasing past drought intensity, coinciding with an increase in soil N availability and leaf N. Threshold responses to drought intensity at peak drought translated into non-linear recovery responses, with greater compensatory growth in the fast-strategy community. At peak drought, increasing drought intensity reduced C uptake and increased relative C partitioning to leaves and microbial biomass. Upon re-wetting, plant community strategy mediated drought intensity effects on plant and soil C and N dynamics and plant recovery trajectories. The fast strategy community recovered quickly, with higher leaf N than the slow community, while the slow community increased C allocation to microbial biomass. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Synthesis:</span></strong><span> Our findings highlight that C and N dynamics in the plant-soil system display non-linear responses to increasing drought intensity both during and after drought, which has implications for trajectories of plant community recovery. </span></p>
Drought intensity alters productivity, carbon allocation, and plant nitrogen uptake in fast versus slow grassland communities
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Data from: Nitrogen fixation and fertilization have similar effects on biomass allocation in nitrogen-fixing plants
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Data for mycorrhizal C/N ratio determines plant-derived carbon and nitrogen allocation to symbiosis
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Soil ammonium: Traits: Biomass Allocation Trends in Old Field in Relation to Gradients of Succesional Age and Soil Nitrogen
The objective of this experiment is to assess biomass allocation trends in the field in relation to gradients of successional age and soil nitrogen. This objective was approached in three ways: A) 37 old fields of various ages were surveyed for above and below ground biomass, soil N, and light penetration. Five strips (1m x 10cm) were clipped in each field for above ground biomass (sorted to grasses and forbs; then sorted to leaf and stem), and 3 root cores (down to 30cm) taken per strip (rinsed, dried and weighed). Two light measurements and one pooled (3 cores) soil N sample (for available and total N) were taken per strip. B) 35 abundant species of known successional status were harvested from the field (usually 15 individuals per species), including roots contained in a core 20x30cm, dried, sorted to stem, leaf, and root, and weighed. These data can be combined with the old field survey results (E014) to estimate successional trends in allocation. C) Root cores will be taken from microplots in fields A, B, C, and D, all treatments. This will be an estimate of root biomass to be combined with the above ground samples (E001) to assess root-shoot trends in response to manipulation of soil N in fields of different age.
Soil nitrate: Traits: Biomass Allocation Trends in Old Field in Relation to Gradients of Succesional Age and Soil Nitrogen
The objective of this experiment is to assess biomass allocation trends in the field in relation to gradients of successional age and soil nitrogen. This objective was approached in three ways: A) 37 old fields of various ages were surveyed for above and below ground biomass, soil N, and light penetration. Five strips (1m x 10cm) were clipped in each field for above ground biomass (sorted to grasses and forbs; then sorted to leaf and stem), and 3 root cores (down to 30cm) taken per strip (rinsed, dried and weighed). Two light measurements and one pooled (3 cores) soil N sample (for available and total N) were taken per strip. B) 35 abundant species of known successional status were harvested from the field (usually 15 individuals per species), including roots contained in a core 20x30cm, dried, sorted to stem, leaf, and root, and weighed. These data can be combined with the old field survey results (E014) to estimate successional trends in allocation. C) Root cores will be taken from microplots in fields A, B, C, and D, all treatments. This will be an estimate of root biomass to be combined with the above ground samples (E001) to assess root-shoot trends in response to manipulation of soil N in fields of different age.
Plant tissue nitrogen: Traits: Biomass Allocation Trends in Old Field in Relation to Gradients of Succesional Age and Soil Nitrogen
The objective of this experiment is to assess biomass allocation trends in the field in relation to gradients of successional age and soil nitrogen. This objective was approached in three ways: A) 37 old fields of various ages were surveyed for above and below ground biomass, soil N, and light penetration. Five strips (1m x 10cm) were clipped in each field for above ground biomass (sorted to grasses and forbs; then sorted to leaf and stem), and 3 root cores (down to 30cm) taken per strip (rinsed, dried and weighed). Two light measurements and one pooled (3 cores) soil N sample (for available and total N) were taken per strip. B) 35 abundant species of known successional status were harvested from the field (usually 15 individuals per species), including roots contained in a core 20x30cm, dried, sorted to stem, leaf, and root, and weighed. These data can be combined with the old field survey results (E014) to estimate successional trends in allocation. C) Root cores will be taken from microplots in fields A, B, C, and D, all treatments. This will be an estimate of root biomass to be combined with the above ground samples (E001) to assess root-shoot trends in response to manipulation of soil N in fields of different age.
Root biomass data: Traits: Biomass Allocation Trends in Old Field in Relation to Gradients of Succesional Age and Soil Nitrogen
The objective of this experiment is to assess biomass allocation trends in the field in relation to gradients of successional age and soil nitrogen. This objective was approached in three ways: A) 37 old fields of various ages were surveyed for above and below ground biomass, soil N, and light penetration. Five strips (1m x 10cm) were clipped in each field for above ground biomass (sorted to grasses and forbs; then sorted to leaf and stem), and 3 root cores (down to 30cm) taken per strip (rinsed, dried and weighed). Two light measurements and one pooled (3 cores) soil N sample (for available and total N) were taken per strip. B) 35 abundant species of known successional status were harvested from the field (usually 15 individuals per species), including roots contained in a core 20x30cm, dried, sorted to stem, leaf, and root, and weighed. These data can be combined with the old field survey results (E014) to estimate successional trends in allocation. C) Root cores will be taken from microplots in fields A, B, C, and D, all treatments. This will be an estimate of root biomass to be combined with the above ground samples (E001) to assess root-shoot trends in response to manipulation of soil N in fields of different age.
Plant biomass allocation: Traits: Biomass Allocation Trends in Old Field in Relation to Gradients of Succesional Age and Soil Nitrogen
The objective of this experiment is to assess biomass allocation trends in the field in relation to gradients of successional age and soil nitrogen. This objective was approached in three ways: A) 37 old fields of various ages were surveyed for above and below ground biomass, soil N, and light penetration. Five strips (1m x 10cm) were clipped in each field for above ground biomass (sorted to grasses and forbs; then sorted to leaf and stem), and 3 root cores (down to 30cm) taken per strip (rinsed, dried and weighed). Two light measurements and one pooled (3 cores) soil N sample (for available and total N) were taken per strip. B) 35 abundant species of known successional status were harvested from the field (usually 15 individuals per species), including roots contained in a core 20x30cm, dried, sorted to stem, leaf, and root, and weighed. These data can be combined with the old field survey results (E014) to estimate successional trends in allocation. C) Root cores will be taken from microplots in fields A, B, C, and D, all treatments. This will be an estimate of root biomass to be combined with the above ground samples (E001) to assess root-shoot trends in response to manipulation of soil N in fields of different age.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Traits: Biomass Allocation Trends in Old Field in Relation to Gradients of Succesional Age and Soil Nitrogen
The objective of this experiment is to assess biomass allocation trends in the field in relation to gradients of successional age and soil nitrogen. This objective was approached in three ways: A) 37 old fields of various ages were surveyed for above and below ground biomass, soil N, and light penetration. Five strips (1m x 10cm) were clipped in each field for above ground biomass (sorted to grasses and forbs; then sorted to leaf and stem), and 3 root cores (down to 30cm) taken per strip (rinsed, dried and weighed). Two light measurements and one pooled (3 cores) soil N sample (for available and total N) were taken per strip. B) 35 abundant species of known successional status were harvested from the field (usually 15 individuals per species), including roots contained in a core 20x30cm, dried, sorted to stem, leaf, and root, and weighed. These data can be combined with the old field survey results (E014) to estimate successional trends in allocation. C) Root cores will be taken from microplots in fields A, B, C, and D, all treatments. This will be an estimate of root biomass to be combined with the above ground samples (E001) to assess root-shoot trends in response to manipulation of soil N in fields of different age.
Carbon allocation to the rhizosphere is affected by drought and nitrogen addition
<p>Photosynthetic carbon (C) allocated below-ground can be shared with mycorrhizal fungi in exchange for nutrients, but also added into soil as rhizodeposits that potentially increases plant nutrient supply by supporting microbial nutrient mineralization from organic matter. How water and nitrogen (N) availabilities affect plant C allocation to the rhizosphere, including both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbionts and rhizodeposits, remains largely unknown.</p> <p>We used a <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse labelling experiment to assess effects of drought and N addition on below-ground allocation of C to soils and roots (quantified as excess <sup>13</sup>C) and tested their relationships with AMF colonization in an Australian grassland. We also examined relationships between AMF and previously reported root respiration and decomposition of rhizodeposits in this study.</p> <p>We found that drought decreased the absolute amount of excess <sup>13</sup>C allocated to both soils and roots, likely due to less photosynthetic C fixation. In contrast, proportionally more excess <sup>13</sup>C was allocated to soils but less to root biomass with drought, suggesting that relatively more C was allocated to rhizodeposits and to AMF hyphal growth and extension. However, N addition reversed drought effects on below-ground C allocation by retaining proportionally more excess <sup>13</sup>C in roots and less in soils, congruent with higher soil N and phosphorus availabilities, root biomass, and number of root tips compared to drought without N addition. This suggests that alleviation of nutrient limitation promoted plants to expend relatively more C on root growth and root trait adjustment, but less C on rhizodeposition and mycorrhizal symbiosis.</p> <p><i>Synthesis</i>. Mycorrhizal colonization related negatively to rhizodeposit decomposition rate but positively to both excess <sup>13</sup>C in root biomass and root respiration, suggesting a possible tradeoff in C allocation between mycorrhizal symbiosis and rhizodeposition. We conclude that below-ground C allocation in this grassland can be mediated by mycorrhizal colonization and is strongly affected by water and nutrient availability.</p>
Divergent nitrogen and phosphorus allocation strategies in terrestrial plant leaves and fine roots: a global meta-analysis
<p><span>The quantification of the allocation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) among plant organs is essential to improve our understanding of plant growth, life-history strategies, and ecosystem nutrient and energy cycles. However, allocation strategies of N and P between terrestrial plant leaves and fine roots are unclear. </span></p> <p><span>Here, we compiled a global dataset comprising 807 terrestrial plant species to analyze the stoichiometric scaling of N and P between leaves and fine roots across species, families, plant groups, biomes, and locations. </span></p> <p><span>We found that N and P, and N:P ratios manifest different scaling exponents (α-values) between leaves and fine roots. Specifically, overall α<sub>N</sub> and α<sub>P</sub> were >1 </span><span>and </span><span><1</span><span>, respectively, and </span><span>α</span><span><sub>N</sub>:P</span><span> = 1, indicating a higher proportional increase of N to fine roots and P to leaves. However, there were differences in α<sub>N</sub>, α<sub>P</sub>, and α<sub>N:P</sub> among major species, families, plant groups, biomes, and locations. In addition, α<sub>N </sub>and α<sub>N</sub>:P increased with latitude; there was no clear trend for α<sub>P</sub>. Mean annual temperature accounted for the greatest proportion of variation in αN, whereas soil total P accounted for the greatest proportion of variation in α<sub>P</sub> and αN:P.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis. Our results demonstrate a divergent N and P allocation strategy between leaves and fine roots in terrestrial plants. This study improves our understanding of the effects of the environment (including changes in global climate, and life history strategies) on nutrient allocation patterns between these two important plant organs.</span></p>
Effects of habitat types on the dynamic changes of allocation in carbon and nitrogen storage of vegetation-soil system in sandy grasslands
<p>The progressive restoration of degraded vegetation in semiarid and arid desertified areas undoubtedly formed different habitat types. The most plants regulate their growth by fixing carbon with their energy deriving from photosynthesis, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) play the crucial role in regulating plant growth, community structure and function in the vegetation restoration progress. However, it is still unclear how habitat types affect the dynamic changes of allocation in C and N storage of vegetation-soil system in sandy grasslands. Here, we investigated plant community characteristics and soil properties across three successional stages of habitat types: semi-fixed dunes (SFD), fixed dunes (FD) and grasslands (G) in 2011, 2013 and 2015. We also examined the C and N concentrations of vegetation-soil system, and estimated their C and N storage. The C and N storage of vegetation system, soil and vegetation-soil system remarkably increased from SFD to G. The litter C and N storage in SFD, N storage of vegetation system in SFD and N storage of soil and vegetation-soil system in FD increased from 2011 to 2015, while aboveground plant C and N storage of FD were higher in 2011 than in 2013 and 2015. Most of C and N were sequestered in soil in the vegetation restoration progress. These results suggest that the dynamic changes of allocation in C and N storage in vegetation-soil systems varied with habitat types. Our study highlights that SFD has higher N sequestration rate in vegetation, while FD has the considerably N sequestration rate in the soil.</p>
Individual and interactive effects of warming and nitrogen supply on CO2 fluxes and carbon allocation in subarctic grassland
<p>We provide data (Data_all.xlsx) and the code for ecosystem productivity, soil respiration, carbon allocation in the shoot, root, soil, and microbes, and nitrogen and carbon availability in plant, soil, and microbes data. The measurements were made under soil warming gradient and under N fertilization treatment during the summer of 2018.</p> <p>The sheet '13C_allocation' contains data on excess <sup>13</sup>C in the plant, soil, and soil respiration for days 1,3,6, and 10 days after <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse labeling. </p> <p>The sheet 'primary productivity' contains data on ecosystem fluxes (Gross primary productivity; Net ecosystem productivity and Dark respiration).</p> <p>The sheet 'SR' contains data of soil respiration.</p> <p>The sheet 'dynamics.' contains data of continuous measurements of soil respired CO<sub>2</sub> (SR), <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> (SR13C), soil water content(SWC), soil temperature (ST), and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and air temperature (Tair).</p> <p>The sheet 'Soil_N' consists of dissolved organic N (TdN), NH<sub>4</sub>, and NO<sub>3</sub> measured in soil. The sheet plant_N consists of N in plants. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) are provided in the sheet 'Microbial_Biomass'</p> <p>The R file 'Script. R' explains and plots the data. In addition, this R file also provides the script for time series regression analysis between response variables (soil-respired CO<sub>2</sub> and soil-respired <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>) and environmental drivers (soil water content, soil temperature, and PAR), and provides the script for structural equation modeling (SEM) and linear mixed effects model and statistics.</p>
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