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109 results for “nitrogen fertilizer”
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra nitrogen fertilized simulation
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 25 years of tussock tundra under nitrogen fertilization conditions.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization simulation
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 25 years of tussock tundra under nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization conditions.
Carbon and nitrogen isotopes and concentrations in terrestrial plants from a six-year (2006-2012) fertilization experiment at the Arctic LTER, Toolik Field Station, Alaska.
The data set describes stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes and carbon and nitrogen concentrations from an August 2012 pluck of a fertilization experiment begun in 2006. Fertilization was with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Fertilization levels included control, F2, F5, and F10, with F2 corresponding to yearly additions of 2 g/m2 N and 1 g/m2 P, F5 corresponding to yearly additions of 5 g/m2 N and 2.5 g/m2 P, and F10 corresponding to yearly additions of 10 g/m2 N and 5 g/m2 P. After harvest, plants were separated by species and then by tissue. Tissues were then dried, ground and analyzed for stable isotopes and concentrations at the University of New Hampshire stable isotope laboratory.
Point-frame measurments from a nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and N+P fertilization experiment at the 2007 Anaktuvuk River, Alaska, USA fire scar during the 2016-2019 growing seasons
This file contains point-frame measurements from a nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and N+P fertilization experiment established in the southern section of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River fire in 2016 at a severely burned site and an unburned site. Pin-vegetation contact was recorded using a 0.75 m2 frame with 41 evenly spaced pin-drop points. Data was collected once during the height of the growing season in 2016 (when fertilization began) 2017, 2018 and 2019. This data was used to measure the impact of fertilization and fire on community composition.
Leaf area index (LAI) recorded from a nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and N+P fertilization experiment at the 2007 Anaktuvuk River, Alaska, USA fire scar during the 2016-2019 growing seasons
This file contains leaf area index (LAI) measurements from an nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and N+P fertilization experiment established in the southern section of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River fire in 2016. LAI was recorded using a handheld plant canopy analyzer (LI-COR 2200C; LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA) Data spans 4 years from 2016 (when fertilization began) until 2019. Data was recorded once a year at the peak of each growing season.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Gravimetric Soil Moisture
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Tree DBH response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in the MELNHE study, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Bartlett Experimental Forest, and Jeffers Brook
The Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE) project studies N and P acquisition and limitation of forest productivity through a series of nutrient manipulations in northern hardwood forests. This data set includes tree diameters at breast height (DBH) collected pre-treatment (2008, 2009, and 2010), and post-treatment (2011, 2015, 2019, and 2023). Additional detail on the MELNHE project, including a datatable of site descriptions and a pdf file with the project description and diagram of plot configuration can be found in this data package: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=344 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. None
Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment (NFert): Net Primary Production Quadrat Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
This dataset is part of a long-term study at the Sevilleta LTER, begun in spring 2004, which examines how fertilization affects above-ground biomass production (ANPP) in a mixed desert-grassland. Net primary production is a fundamental ecological variable that quantifies rates of carbon consumption and fixation. Estimates of NPP are important in understanding energy flow at a community level as well as spatial and temporal responses to a range of ecological processes. Above-ground net primary production is the change in plant biomass, represented by stems, flowers, fruit and foliage, over time and incorporates growth as well as loss to death and decomposition. To measure this change the vegetation variables in this dataset, including species composition and the cover and height of individuals, are sampled twice yearly (spring and fall) at permanent 1m x 1m plots. The data from these plots is used to build regressions correlating biomass and volume via weights of select harvested species obtained in SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data." This biomass data is included in SEV186, "Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment (NFert): Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data."
Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment (NFert): Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Begun in spring 2004, this long-term study at the Sevilleta LTER examines how fertilization affects above-ground biomass production (ANPP) in a mixed desert-grassland. Net primary production is a fundamental ecological variable that quantifies rates of carbon consumption and fixation. Estimates of NPP are important in understanding energy flow at a community level as well as spatial and temporal responses to a range of ecological processes. While measures of both below- and above-ground biomass are important in estimating total NPP, this study focuses on above-ground net primary production (ANPP). Above-ground net primary production is the change in plant biomass, including loss to death and decomposition, over a given period of time. Volumetric measurements are made using vegetation data from permanent plots (SEV155, "Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment (NFert): Net Primary Production Quadrat Data") and regressions correlating species biomass and volume constructed using seasonal harvest weights from SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data." This site was burned by a prescribed fire in 2003.
Nitrogen budget in a Chihuahuan desert grassland long-term nitrogen fertilization experiment at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge
Although the negative consequences of increased nitrogen (N) supply on plant communities and soil chemistry are well known, most studies have focused on mesic grasslands, and the fate of added N in arid and semi-arid ecosystems remains unclear. To study the impacts of long-term increased N deposition on ecosystem N-pools, we sampled a 26-year-long fertilization (10 g N m-2 yr-1) experiment in the northern Chihuahuan Desert at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR) in New Mexico. To determine the fate of the added N, we measured multiple soil, microbial, and plant N pools in shallow soils at three time points across the 2020 growing season.
Seasonal N dynamics and fluxes of nitrogen in leachate and runoff from experimental rainfalls on fertilized and unfertilized lawns in Baltimore County, Maryland
The aim of this research was to examine the spatial and temporal variation in export control points of nitrogen on residential lawns (locations prone to mobilizing nitrogen during a rain event) and to examine if previously measured hydrobiogeochemical properties were predictive of N mobilization in lawns. This data set contains measurements of saturated infiltration rates, sorptivity, soil moisture, soil organic matter, bulk density, pH, soil nitrate, soil ammonium, N2O, N2 and CO2 fluxes from soil cores, nitrogen mineralization rates and fluxes of N in runoff and leachate from fertilized and unfertilized residential and institutional lawns. Study lawns were located at homes of people who agreed to volunteer their lawn for the study from a door knocking campaign. Four sampling houses were located in an exurban neighborhood in Baisman Run. Five sampling houses were located in a suburban neighborhood in Dead Run. Two sampling locations on institutional lawns were located at University of Maryland Baltimore County. At the exurban study houses and institutional lawns sites, we identified one hillslope to conduct sampling on. At the Dead Run houses we identified one hillslope on the front yard and one in the backyard as there were distinct locations that were not present in the exurban neighborhood. Locations within the yards for sampling were selected based on sampling conducted in October 2017. Locations were grouped into four categories based on have either high or low potential denitrification rates and high or low saturated infiltration rates (n=48). These locations were also distributed across yard types (exurban, suburban or institutional), fertilizer treatments, and hillslope location (top or bottom of hillslope). At each sampling location we ran a Cornell Sprinkle Infiltrometer to generate an experimental rainfall during which we collected runoff and leachate to quantity N flux. We also measure sorptivity and saturated infiltration rates. Volumetric water conten
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Cumulative Microbial Respiration
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Daily Microbial Respiration
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Microbial Biomass
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Fine Root Biomass and Chemistry
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Soil CN
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Soil pH
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Long-term nitrogen fertilization inhibits carbon and nitrogen loss during late stage fungal necromass decomposition depending on necromass chemistry
Fungal necromass is increasingly recognized as a key component of in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, how C and N loss from fungal necromass during decomposition are impacted by global change factors such as anthropogenic N addition and changes to soil C supply (e.g. via changing root exudation and rhizosphere priming) remains unclear and understudied relative to plant tissues. To address these gaps, we conducted a year-long decomposition experiment with four species of fungal necromass incubated across four forested sites in plots that had received inorganic N and/or labile C fertilization for decades in Minnesota, USA. We found that necromass chemistry was the primary driver of C and N loss from fungal necromass as well as response to fertilization. Specifically, N addition suppressed late-stage decomposition, but this effect was weaker in melanin-rich necromass, contrary to the hypothesis based on plant litter dynamics that N addition should suppress decomposition of more complex organic molecules. Labile C addition had no effect on either the early or late stages of necromass decomposition. Nitrogen release from necromass also varied among species, with N-poor necromass having lower N release after controlling for differences in mass loss via regression. The relatively minor effects of N fertilization on the proportion of initial necromass N released suggests that N demand by decomposers is the primary control on N loss during fungal necromass decomposition. Together, our results stress the importance of the afterlife effects of fungal chemical composition to forest soil C and N cycles. Further, they demonstrate that C and N release from this critical pool can be reduced by ongoing anthropogenic N addition.
Percent cover of vegetation measured by the line-intercept method at multiple locations on long-term ecosystem transects (including nitrogen fertilization treatments) at Jornada Basin LTER, 1982-2014
This data package contains data on the average percent cover of plant species on three permanent LTER-I transects at the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) in southern New Mexico. Prior to becoming a livestock exclosure, the study site was moderately to heavily grazed for the past 100 years. The purpose of this study was to document the vegetation changes associated with the addition of nitrogen fertilizer following nearly a century of grazing. Three permanent, parallel transects (2.7 km in length) run from the middle of the College Playa up to the foot of Mt. Summerford. The Treatment transect was treated annually with ammonium nitrate fertilizer (NH4NO3 at 10g N/m2/yr) until 1987. Along each transect, 91 stations, each with a plant intercept line, are spaced at 30 meter intervals. Each plant intercept line is perpendicular to a 2.7 km transect and is 30 meters in length broken into 5 meter segments. The included dataset gives calculated average percent cover of each plant species for each of these plant intercept lines on all three LTER-I permanent transects (91 lines each). Measurements were made biannually from 1982 - 1988. After this, they are measured every 5 years. Data consists of the date, week number, transect, station number, JRN species code, USDA Plants code, species binomial, photosynthetic pathway, habit, form, and average percent cover. This study is ongoing.
Extracellular enzyme activities in plots dominated by trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal or ectomycorrhizal fungi in the nitrogen fertilized and reference watershed at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA during the final year of N fertilization (2016) and during the year after N fertilization ceased (2017).
Our objective was to detect possible differences in N fertilization responses of extracellular enzymes in plots dominated by trees that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) or ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). To do this, we established a plot network of 6 AM and 6 ECM dominated (>65% diameter at breast height) 10 x 10 m plots in the lower elevation hardwood zone of both the reference and N fertilized watersheds (N=24 plots) at Bear Brook Watershed, in Maine USA. We assayed the potential activity of hydrolytic enzymes that release N (N-acetylglucosaminidase; NAG), phosphorus (acid phosphatase; AP), and simple carbon (ß-glucosidase; BG). The activities of these enzymes were measured separately in bulk mineral, rhizosphere, and organic horizon soils in the final year of N fertilization at Bear Brook in 2016 and during the year after N fertilization ceased in 2017.
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