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105 results for “nitrogen species”
Block summaries of biomass, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus allocation among tissue types, species, and plant functional types from Arctic LTER 1981 Moist Acidic Tussock (MAT81) long-term experiment harvests: 2000 and 2015, Toolik Lake Field Station, Alaska.
A complete accounting of biomass, C, N, and P allocation both among tissue types (leaves, stems, rhizomes, roots) and among species and plant functional types from Arctic LTER 1981 Moist Acidic Tussock (MAT81) long-term experiment’s untreated control plots and plots that were fertilized annually, harvested after 20 and 35 years, near Toolik Lake Field Station, Alaska. Data are gram per meter squared summarized by block.
Data and code from "Water availability is a stronger driver of soil microbial processing of organic nitrogen than tree species composition"
<p>#### Data description<br> Data from large scale, long-term tree diversity experiment in southwestern France (<a href="https://sites.google.com/view/orpheeexperiment/home">ORPHEE</a>), additionally manipulating water contraint. Variables presented are soil nitrogen cycling rates measured using isotope pool dilutions.</p> <p>Companion paper is found here:</p> <p>Maxwell TL, Augusto L, Tian Y, Wanek W & Fanin N (2023). Water availability is a stronger driver of soil microbial processing of organic nitrogen than tree species composition. <em>European Journal of Soil Science</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13350">https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13350</a></p> <p>#### Metadata<br> Soil sampling: July 2020<br> Maxwell_ShortComm_Data.csv data description</p> <p>ID: unique identifier per sample<br> Block: numbered 1-6. Blocks 1,3,6 are control (unirrigated), Blocks, 2,4,5 are irrigated<br> Plot: numbered plot according to the ORPHEE design. Plot 1 = BP, Plot 5 = PP, Plot 9 = BP_PP<br> Espece: species ID. BP = pure birch (<em>Betula pendula</em>), PP = pure pine (<em>Pinus pinaster</em>), BP_PP (50% mixed birch-pine)<br> Rep: sample replicate, 3 replicates per plot<br> Sample name: long unique identifier per sample. Concatenation of Block, Plot, and Espece<br> PD: gross protein depolymerization rates (micrograms nitrogen per grams dry soil per day = µg N g-1 d-1)<br> AAU: gross free amino acid uptake rates (µg N g-1 d-1)<br> Cmicrobial_ug_g: microbial biomass carbon (µg C g-1)<br> Nmicrobial_ug_g: microbial biomass nitrogen (µg N g-1)<br> MRT_FAA_hrs: mean residence time of free amino acids (hours)<br> FAA_ugN_g: free amino acids (µg N g-1)<br> Moisture_percent: soil moisture percent (%)<br> N_nonfumige_ug_g: nitrogen from non fumigated soils, i.e. extractable N (µg N g-1)<br> C_nonfumige_ug_g: nitrogen from non fumigated soils, i.e. extractableC (µg C g-1)</p>
Tree cores from three species along a natural nitrogen mineralization gradients in Michigan Lower Peninsula
Mycorrhizal fungi are understood to exhibit mutualistic relationships with trees. This study assessed this relationship via the growth of individual trees associated with different mycorrhizal communities along a gradient of N availability.
Rapid root to leaf uptake of inorganic and amino acid nitrogen in three dryland plant species.
Our aim was to quantify inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) uptake and compare short-term nutrient acquisition patterns among three dryland plant species: Bouteloua eriopoda, Achnatherum hymenoides, and Gutierrezia sarothrae collected from a mixed grassland community in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert to better understand how asynchronous resource availability may influence biotic interactions and nutrient retention in these ecosystems. We collected living plants from two locations within the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge and transplanted them into pots maintained in the greenhouse with supplemental light and water for two months. We then conducted a greenhouse experiment using these species to compare nutrient uptake of 15N-labeled ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), and glutamate (an amino acid) over 12 to 48 hours. Our study examined three main questions: (1) How rapidly do these dryland plants take up available soil N?, (2) Does leaf uptake differ among inorganic and amino acid N forms?, and (3) Do plant species differ in the speed or form of short-term N uptake?. In the greenhouse, we applied one of three isotopic 15N tracers directly to plant roots and quantified N uptake and recovery in leaves after 12, 24, and 48 hours. We found that plants took up inorganic and amino acid N to leaves as rapidly as 12 h following application, and N uptake more than doubled between 24 and 48 h. Inorganic N uptake was 3-4x higher than organic N uptake in all three species, and plants took up ammonium and nitrate at 2-3x faster rates than glutamate. On average, B. eriopoda had higher inorganic N recovery and uptake speeds, while G. sarothrae had the highest organic N uptake over time. A. hymenoides root to leaf uptake was ~50% lower than the other two species after 48 h. Plants showed similar patterns of short-term foliar uptake and recovery indicating a lack of niche partitioning by N form among the three dryland species measured. Our results suggest that soil inorganic N, par
Soil nitrogen and phosphorus effects on plant virus density, transmission, and species interactions
This data package includes data and code from an experiment testing the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on interactions between two grass viruses (BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV). Data include virus density within oats (Avena sativa) and transmission of viruses to a second set of oats. Data were collected by Amy E. Kendig and collaborators between February 2014 and August 2014 at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul Minnesota, USA. Experiments were performed in growth chambers, virus density data were obtained using one-step reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and transmission data were obtained using RT-PCR. The code includes statistical analyses and figures. Model objects created through statistical analyses are also included. The code was run using R (version 3.5.2).
Aboveground biomass and nitrogen allocation of ten deciduous southern Appalachian tree species at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1997
Allometric equations were developed for mature trees of 10 deciduous species at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina, U.S.A. These equations included the following dependent variables: stem wood mass, stem bark mass, branch mass, total wood mass, foliage mass, total biomass, foliage area, stem surface area, sapwood volume, and total tree volume. High correlation coefficients (R2) were observed for all variables versus stem diameter, with the highest being for total tree biomass, which ranged from 0.981 for Oxdendrum arboreum to 0.999 for Quercus coccinea. Foliage area had the lowest R2 values, ranging from 0.555 for Quercus alba to 0.962 for Betula lenta. When all species were combined, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.822 for foliage area to 0.986 for total wood mass, total tree biomass, and total tree volume. Species with ring versus diffuse/semiring porous wood anatomy exhibited higher leaf area with a given cross-sectional sapwood area as well as lower total sapwood volume. Liriodendron tulipifera contained one of the highest foliar nitrogen concentrations and had consistently low branch, bark, sapwood, and heartwood nitrogen contents. For a tree diameter of 50 cm, Carya spp. exhibited the highest total nitrogen content whereas Liriodendron tulipifera exhibited the lowest.
SNE01 Species richness, community evenness (Evar) and ANPP effects of nitrogen addition across a gradient of 8 levels in a semi-arid shortgrass steppe and a mesic tallgrass prairie, 2014-2018
This dataset contains the first five years (2014-2018) of the effect of nitrogen addition on species richness, species evenness (Evar) and productivity for a long-term nitrogen addition gradient experiment in two North American grasslands: a semi-arid shortgrass steppe and a mesic tallgrass prairie. Fertilization with time-release urea has been on-going since 2014 in a gradient of eight levels: 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 g/m-2. The effect of nitrogen on richness, evenness and Aboveground Net Primary Productivity (ANPP g/m-2 yr) is calculated as the absolute change in value from control plots to treatment plots within each block.
Derived daily timeseries of weather, soil moisture and temperature, flow and nitrogen species (nitrate and nitrite, ammonium) concentrations data for the North Wyke Farm Platform National Biosciences Research Infrastructure, England
<p>For a selection of catchments from the North Wyke Farm Platform in southwest England, where land use conversions have been introduced, daily time series data covering weather conditions (minimum temperature, maximum temperature, total rainfall, wind speed and solar radiation), near-surface soil status (moisture content and temperature), flow and concentrations of key nitrogen species (nitrate and nitrite, ammonium) have been filtered based on attached data quality tags . The datasets run between 2013 and March 2024. For the main climate variables, data gaps were infilled with preceding- and following-on daily data, observations from a nearby weather station or existing national datasets to generate a continuous data series for modelling. For the other data series, annual and seasonal summary statistics on data coverage are provided. Information on significant field events, such as ploughing, drilling and harvest, fertiliser applications and manure spreading were also tabulated.</p>
Figure 1 in Relative uptake of organic and inorganic nitrogen by common weed species
Figure 1. Estimated intact amino acid uptake (root) and translocation (shoot) plotted against the excess 15N (atom percent excess 15N [15N APE]) found in each respective tissue type (amino acid 15N treatment only) for each weed species. Whole amino acid uptake and translocation were calculated by dividing the observed 15N:13C in plant tissue with the measured 15N:13C in the dual-labeled fertilizer. Data are means ± SE (n = 5). See Table 1 for list of full species names.
Figure 2 in Relative uptake of organic and inorganic nitrogen by common weed species
Figure 2. Canonical plot displaying the results of a linear discriminant analysis evaluating patterns in 15N uptake by species (Wilks's lambda = 0.0157, F(42, 83) = 2.8227, P <0.0001). The first two canonical axes were the most explanatory, accounting for 66.9% and 19.7% of the model variation. Species multivariate means (þ symbols) are surrounded by 95% confidence ellipses. Weighted biplots of N form by tissue atom percent excess 15N (15N APE) values are emanating from the grand mean of the data set, and their length and direction indicate the relative strength of their correlation with the first two axes. See Table 1 for list of full species names.
Figure 1 in Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus availability on the early growth of two congeneric pairs of savanna and forest species
Figure 1. On that figure are the logarithms of root-to-shoot ratio square root in two pairs of congeneric species. The forest houses data from two species (E. contortisiliquum and S. grandiflorum), as do the savanna (E. gummiferum and S. lycocarpum). The complete solution is represented by Com; The solution without N by -N; The solution without P by -P; The solution without both nutrients by -NP.
Nitrogen fixation responds to soil nitrogen at low but not high light in two invasive understory species
<p>Light and soil nitrogen availability can be strong controls of plant nitrogen (N) fixation, but data on how understory N-fixing plants respond to these drivers are limited despite their important role in ecosystem N cycling. Furthermore, ecosystem N cycling can be altered by the introduction of species with nutrient use patterns that differ from natives. We assessed how N fixation of two exotic, understory species responded to varying light and soil N environments. We sampled leaf tissue from <em>Mimosa pudica </em>L., <em>Desmodium triflorum</em> (L.) DC., and a non-fixing reference plant (<em>Axonopus</em>) growing in control and two N fertilization treatments under either N-fixing or non-N-fixing trees, which may alter local soil nutrient cycling, across a range of light conditions. We measured N fixation with <sup>15</sup>N isotope dilution, and ensured that N-fixing neighbor trees were in fact fixing N. All understory plants were wild-growing species not native to the study location. <em>Desmodium </em>and <em>Mimosa </em>acquired 82.6% and 71.6% of their nitrogen from fixation (%N<sub>dfa</sub>) in the control, compared to 66.8% and 58.1% in the +10 g N m<sup>−2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup> treatment and 73.1% and 64.7% in the +15 g N m<sup>−2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup> treatment. These subtle %N<sub>dfa</sub> differences across fertilization treatments were more apparent at low light availability and disappeared at high light availability. The amount of N fixed by neighboring trees did not influence %N<sub>dfa</sub> in the understory species. Our study shows some differences in N fixation across different nutrient environments at low light for two N-fixing species, though the changes were small, and both species derived most of their N from fixation. These findings imply that introduced N-fixing species could exacerbate ecosystem N enrichment, particularly under high soil N conditions</p>
Most rotifer species have positive responses in abundance caused by the increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a in reservoirs using TITAN analysis
<p>Some zooplanktonic species change their abundances according to the primary productivity increases in freshwater lentic environments. Here, we aimed to i) evaluate the concentration threshold of variables related to eutrophication (nitrogen, phosphorus<br> and chlorophyll-a concentrations) that alter the frequency of occurrence and relative abundance of rotifer species, and ii) analyze which Rotifera species are related positively or negatively to the increase in these variables. The rotifer community<br> structure was studied in fifteen reservoirs in La Plata River Basin, the second largest in South America, relating its abundance with nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a values using the Threshold Indicator Rate Analysis (TITAN). Seventy-one rotifer<br> species were registered in the reservoirs, and six species were considered as indicators of changes in their frequency of occurrence and relative abundance with points of change of 1.118 µg.L -1 , 22.44 µg.L -1 and 3.89 µg.L -1 of the nitrogen, phosphorus and<br> chlorophyll-a concentrations, respectively. Species with positive responses to the increase in nutrients were Keratella tropica, Plationus patulus, Filinia terminalis and Synchaeta oblonga, and negative responses Conochilus unicornis and Synchaeta stylata,<br> typical of oligotrophic reservoirs. The only species that presented the same response for all variable concentrations was Keratella tropica, which is a very common species in South America. Our results reinforce the assumption that some rotifer species are good<br> indicators to the variables related to the trophic level in reservoirs. The script and study data are attached to this database.</p>
Water limitation drives species loss in grassland communities after nitrogen addition and warming
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Data from: Impact of plant functional group and species removals on soil and plant nitrogen and phosphorus across a retrogressive chronosequence
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Leaf area, biomass, carbon and nitrogen content by species for harvests taken as part of the ITEX flux survey.
Leaf area, biomass, foliar carbon and nitrogen by species for destructive vegetation harvests. Plots were located in the Toolik Lake LTER fertilization experiment in Alaska; at Imnavait Creek, Alaska; at Paddus, Latnjajaure and the Stepps site near Abisko in northern Sweden; and at various sites in Adventdalen, Svalbard, in Zackenberg valley, Northeast Greenland, and at BEO near Barrow, Alaska. Harvests were taken during the growing seasons 2003 to 2009.
Soil nitrogen cycling in a boreal hardwood forest in relation to the phenolic compound bearing species Ledum palustre
Ledum palustre (Labrador tea) is a late successional evergreen shrub widely distributed in boreal ecosystems that readily leaches high concentrations of soluble phenolic compounds into water. We selected this species in order to study whether leaf leachates could be responsible for the effects of plant canopy on N cycling under natural conditions. Organic matter content, soil respiration and net N mineralization were measured in organic and mineral soil horizons and gross N mineralization was also measured in mineral soils sampled underneath L. palustre in a hardwood forest dominated by Populus tremuloides and Betula neoalaskana. Soils were amended with L. palustre litter leachates and incubated in the laboratory. Because mineral soil is also influenced by the overlying organic horizon we also characterized some simple indices of the organic horizon carbon quality (lignin, cellulose and condensed tannins) to look for differences in likely decomposability. Our objectives were i) to determine whether L. palustre presence and L. palustre leachates addition changed soil N availability, and ii) to determine the specific N cycling processes that were affected, including changes in mineralization, nitrification or immobilization. We wanted to know whether L. palustre leachates could be a mechanism through which plant presence would impact N cycling.
SGS-LTER Long Term Nitrogen Percentages in Grass, Forb and Shrub Species on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1983 - 2008, ARS Stusy Number 6
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83462. Aboveground plant nitrogen dynamics monitoring consists of two separate data sets. a) Long-term peak-crop nitrogen concentrations have been sampled since 1983 annually from sites sampled for ANPP estimates across the CPER. Plots are clipped for ANPP in August each year and include moderately grazed sites in sections 24 and 25, ungrazed treatments at ESA and owl creek, coarse textured soils in owl creek, fine textured soils in section 25, as well as three catena topopositions in section 24. These datasets have been designed for monitoring and so it is advised to consider calcuating average based at the transect level. B) Seasonal dynamics of life-form (dominant grass, forb, shrub species) nitrogen concentrations were obtained from random grab samples of aboveground plant tissue are taken monthly from May-Aug. and in Oct., Dec., Feb., and April from 1983 – 2007 at sites where ANPP has been collected since 1983 (ESA, ridge, mid-slope and swale in section 24). The objectives are to assess annual/seasonal weather and site productivity/management with quantity and quality of forage and/or litter production. Combined, these two data sets also provide an estimate of nitrogen yield
Data from: Nitrogen fertilization differentially enhances nodulation and host growth of two invasive legume species in an urban environment
Invasive plants negatively impact native communities by altering ecosystem processes and reducing species diversity. Plants in the legume family are overrepresented among invasive taxa and establish in disturbed environments common in urban ecosystems. Mutualisms with rhizobia and anthropogenic activities, such as nitrogen fertilization, may be key mechanisms driving legume invasions of urban habitats. Moreover, legume species and genetic lineages within species may vary in their responses to nitrogen fertilization, making some more likely to invade than others. Despite this threat, it remains unclear whether nitrogen fertilization impacts mutualism and plant growth traits of invasive legumes in urban environments, and whether these effects depend on the genetic origin of invaders. We conducted a common garden experiment using two widespread, invasive legume species, Medicago sativa and Trifolium pratense, to test the effects of species, genetic origin of lineages within species, and nitrogen fertilization on the mutualism. Soil nitrogen was manipulated and effects on traits associated with the mutualism (nodule traits) and plant growth were quantified. Nitrogen fertilization improved nodule traits and host growth for both species, but M. sativa and certain genetic lineages of this species benefited more from fertilization than any of the tested T. pratense lineages. This work reveals how anthropogenic activities alter mutualism traits and plant growth in urban environments, potentially facilitating invasions by leguminous taxa. Because species and lineages varied in the strength of their responses to fertilization, over time some invading legumes may outcompete other plant species or lineages, leading to differential impacts on native communities in urban environments.
Data from: Effects of soil type and light on height growth, biomass partitioning, and nitrogen dynamics on 22 species of tropical dry forest tree seedlings: comparisons between legumes and nonlegumes
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The seedling stage is particularly vulnerable to resource limitation, with potential consequences for community composition. We investigated how light and soil variation affected early growth, biomass partitioning, morphology, and physiology of 22 tree species common in tropical dry forest, including eight legumes. Our hypothesis was that legume seedlings are better at taking advantage of increased resource availability, which contributes to their successful regeneration in tropical dry forests. METHODS: We grew seedlings in a full-factorial design under two light levels in two soil types that differed in nutrient concentrations and soil moisture. We measured height biweekly and, at final harvest, biomass partitioning, internode segments, leaf carbon, nitrogen, δ 13 C, and δ 15 N. KEY RESULTS: Legumes initially grew taller and maintained that height advantage over time under all experimental conditions. Legumes also had the highest final total biomass and water-use efficiency in the high-light and high-resource soil. For nitrogen-fixing legumes, the amount of nitrogen derived from fixation was highest in the richer soil. Although seed mass tended to be larger in legumes, seed size alone did not account for all the differences between legumes and nonlegumes. Both belowground and aboveground resources were limiting to early seedling growth and function. CONCLUSIONS: Legumes may have a different regeneration niche, in that they germinate rapidly and grow taller than other species immediately after germination, maximizing their performance when light and belowground resources are readily available, and potentially permitting them to take advantage of high light, nutrient, and water availability at the beginning of the wet season.
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