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Figs 44–66 in Revision of the non-marine centric diatom flora (Bacillariophyta) of the sub-Antarctic Campbell Island (southern Pacific Ocean) with the descriptions of five new species

Figs 44–66. Ferocia houkiana Goeyers & Van de Vijver sp. nov. LM and SEM. Campbell Island holotype population, sample BAS284 (BR-4578). LM. 44–49. Several frustules in girdle view, often connected to each other. 50–51. Internal valves. 52–62. Several valves in valve face view clearly showing the central ring of spines. SEM. 63. Frustule in girdle view with the narrow copulae. 64. Frustule in girdle view with the narrow copulae on one side and one the side showing the broad mantle with one indicated rimoportula. 65. External view of a valve face and the girdle. Note the central ring of partly hollow spines. 66. External view of two valves connected via their linking spines. The arrow indicates the Müller step. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Figs 20–27 in Revision of the non-marine centric diatom flora (Bacillariophyta) of the sub-Antarctic Campbell Island (southern Pacific Ocean) with the descriptions of five new species

Figs 20–27. Angusticopula chilensis (Grunow) Houk et al. SEM. Campbell Island epitype population, sample BAS286. 20–22. SEM view of several valves in girdle view showing the ligulate, open, narrow girdle bands. The arrows indicate the ligulae in Fig. 20, the rimmed mantle edge in Fig. 21 and the fimbriate pars interior of the copulae in Fig. 22. 23. External view of a valve face. 24. External detail of the very fine striae and the small, rounded areolae. 25. Internal view of an entire valve showing the rimoportulae and the thick mantle. 26. External view of the mantle/valve face junction with several openings of the rimoportulae (arrows). 27. Internal detail of the valve mantle with some rimoportulae. Scale bars: 20–23, 25–26 = 10 μm; 24, 27 = 1 μm.

Figs 28–36 in Revision of the non-marine centric diatom flora (Bacillariophyta) of the sub-Antarctic Campbell Island (southern Pacific Ocean) with the descriptions of five new species

Figs 28–36. Angusticopula cosmica Goeyers & Van de Vijver sp. nov. LM. Campbell Island holotype population, sample BAS303 (BR-4577). 28. Frustule in girdle view showing the discoid chloroplasts. 29. Frustule in valve face view showing the discoid chloroplasts. 30–36. Several valves in valve face view showing clearly the submarginal ring of rimoportulae (arrows) and the striated valve face margin. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Figs 1–19 in Revision of the non-marine centric diatom flora (Bacillariophyta) of the sub-Antarctic Campbell Island (southern Pacific Ocean) with the descriptions of five new species

Figs 1–19. Angusticopula chilensis (Grunow) Houk et al. LM. Campbell Island epitype population, sample BAS286. 1–6, 12–13. Several frustules in girdle view. 5, 12. Internal valves. 7–11, 14–19. Several valves in valve face view clearly showing the marginal rimoportulae. Scale bar = 10 μm.

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Fig. 2 in A subjective global checklist of the extant non-marine Ostracoda (Crustacea)

Fig. 2. Numbers of new species of non-marine ostracods described per decade for all families and the three largest families.

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Fig. 1 in A subjective global checklist of the extant non-marine Ostracoda (Crustacea)

Fig. 1. Numbers of non-marine ostracod species reported in each zoogeographical region, endemic species in parentheses, and proportions of species in non-marine families in each region. Abbreviations: Cy = Cyprididae; Ca = Candonidae; En = Entocytheridae; Li = Limnocytheridae; Ot = other families. Sizes of pie charts are proportional to the number of species reported from each region.

Fig. 10 in Fish remains, mostly otoliths, from the non-marine early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand

Fig. 10. Comparison of the body scale morphology of Miocene Mataichthys bictenatus with Recent eleotrids. A. Mataichthys bictenatus Schwarzhans, Scofield, Tennyson, and T. Worthy gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, NMNZ S.52752, location 4, Mata Creek, Bannockburn Formation, early Miocene). B. Close−up of Mataichthys bictenatus depicting few preserved alternating primary and secondary cteni. C–E. Schematic drawings of the insertion of cteni on body scales in Gobiomorphus gobioides (Valenciennes, 1837) (from McDowall et al. 2006b) (C), Eleotris sp. (from Roberts 1993) (D), and Mataichthys bictenatus (E).

Fig. 2 in Fish remains, mostly otoliths, from the non-marine early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic section showing the basal part of the Bannockburn Formation at the Manuherikia River location, New Zealand. FRN, Fossil Record Number in the archival Fossil Record File of the Geological Society of New Zealand.

Fig. 9 in Fish remains, mostly otoliths, from the non-marine early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand

Fig. 9. Comparison of the caudal skeleton of Miocene Mataichthys bictenatus and Recent eleotrids based on x−rays (scaled to same size). A. Gobiomorphus gobioides (Valenciennes, 1837), NMNZ P.32815. B. Gobiomorphus australis (Krefft, 1864), ZMUC Jrn.374. C. Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall, 1975, NMNZ P.12719−B. D. Philypnodon grandiceps (Krefft, 1864), ZMUC Jrn.115. E. Mataichthys bictenatus Schwarzhans, Scofield, Tennyson, and T. Worthy gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, NMNZ S.52752, location 4, Mata Creek, Bannockburn Formation, early Miocene). F. Butis humeralis (Valenciennes, 1837), ZMUC Jrn.93. G. Ophiocara porocephala (Valenciennes, 1837), ZMUC Jrn.101. H. Ophieleotris aporos (Bleeker, 1854), ZMUC P.781801. I. Culius fuscus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), ZMUC P.781283. Abbreviations: EP, epurals; H 1+2, fused hypurals 1 and 2; H 3+4+ U, fused urostylar complex and hypurals 3 and 4; H 5, hypural 5; PH, parhypural; PU 2, preural centre 2.

Fig. 8 in Fish remains, mostly otoliths, from the non-marine early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand

Fig. 8. Skeleton finds of eleotrid fishes and field location. A. Skeleton of Mataichthys bictenatus Schwarzhans, Scofield, Tennyson, and T. Worthy gen. et sp. nov., holotype, photograph of slabs with information about counterslabs (red) and splinter with otic capsule (red) and otolith in situ (red) spliced in digitally, NMNZ S.52752, location 4, Mata Creek, Bannockburn Formation, early Miocene. Photographs of slab and counterslabs mounted. B. Skeleton of M. bictenatus, CT−scans of slabs with information about counterslabs (green) spliced in digitally, same specimen as top row. Note that CT−scan images can be distorted and are not used for morphometrics. CT of slabs and counterslabs mounted. C. Head slab of M. bictenatus, found associated with specimen above, with otolith in situ, NMNZ S.52753. D. Photograph of Mata Creek location depicting sedimentary lense from which the fish slabs originated.

Fig. 3 in Fish remains, mostly otoliths, from the non-marine early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand

Fig. 3. Stratigraphic section at the Vinegar Hill location showing the position of Sites 1 and 2 relative to the basal part of the Bannockburn Formation (52.3–70 m; Lauder Member) after Douglas (1986) in the context of other fossil records (H41/f20 and H41/f21, H41/f56) and a vertebrate bearing Site 3 (H41/f111). FRN is Fossil Record Number in the archival Fossil Record File of the Geological Society of New Zealand.

Fig. 15 in Fish remains, mostly otoliths, from the non-marine early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand

Fig. 15. Otoliths of marine fishes from the early Miocene Bannockburn Formation and from selected recent fishes for comparison. A. Eeyorius hutchinsi Paulin, 1986, Recent, off Tasmania, 41°00'S–147°23'E, WAM 27564−003, paratype, inner face (A), dorsal view (A). B, C. Lotella rhacina (Bloch and 1 2 Schneider, 1801). B. Recent, of Western Australia, collection W. Schwarzhans, donated by WAM, inner face (B1), dorsal view (B2). C. NMNZ S.52748, Manuherikia River, HH1a, inner face (C1), dorsal view (C2), posterior view (C3), outer face (C4). D. Lactarius sigmoidalis (Frost, 1933), NMNZ S.52749, Manuherikia River, HH1a, inner face (D1), ventral view (D2). E. Bleekeria viridianguilla (Fowler, 1931), Recent, Jakarta, SMF 15768, inner face (E1), ventral view (E2). F, G. Genus aff. Bleekeria sagittiformis (Schwarzhans, 1980), Manuherikia River. F. NMNZ S.52750, HH1b, anterior view (F1), inner face (F2), ventral view (F3). G. NMNZ S.52751, HH1a, inner face.

Fig. 12 in Fish remains, mostly otoliths, from the non-marine early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand

Fig. 12. Otoliths of recent eleotrid fishes from the Indo West−Pacific for comparison. A. Allomogurnda nesolepis (Weber, 1907), Recent, 04°11'S– 144°46'E, WAM 29605−008, inner face. B. Belobranchus belobranchus (Valenciennes, 1837), Recent, 10°16'S–150°43'E, WAM 31634−005, inner face (B1), ventral view (B2). C. Bunaka gyrinoides (Bleeker, 1853), Recent, Ponape, collection W. Schwarzhans, donated by ZMH, inner face. D. Giurus margaritaceus (Valenciennes, 1837), Recent, 03°16'S–138°41'E, WAM 31753−002, inner face (D), ventral view (D). E. Giurus hoedti (Bleeker, 1854), 1 2 Recent, 01°51'S–136°33'E, WAM 31041−003, inner face. F. Mogurnda aurofodinae Whitley, 1938, Recent, 03°34'S–142°57'E, WAM 29838−001, inner face (F), ventral view (F). G. Mogurnda mogurnda (Richardson, 1844), Recent, northern Australia, collection W. Schwarzhans, donated by WAM, inner +

Fig. 7 in Phylogeny, palaeoecology, and invasion of non-marine waters by the late Miocene hemicytherid ostracod Tyrrhenocythere from Lake Pannon

Fig. 7. Length (l) and height (h) ratio of early Tyrrhenocythere species from Pezinok (Danube Basin). The male valves are longer than the female ones.

Fig. 6 in Phylogeny, palaeoecology, and invasion of non-marine waters by the late Miocene hemicytherid ostracod Tyrrhenocythere from Lake Pannon

Fig. 6. Marginal pore canals on anterior margin and their transformation from straight Hemicytheria arrangement to brush−like Tyrrhenocythere one. A. Hemicytheria reniformis (Reuss, 1850), Hemicytheria folliculosa (Reuss, 1850), Hemicytheria omphalodes (Reuss, 1850), original by author. B. Hemicytheria biornata (Zalányi, 1944), original by author, Hemicytheria maeotica Olteanu 1989 after Olteanu and Vekua (1989). C. Hemicytheria major Sokač, 1972. D. Hemicytheria marginata Sokač, 1972 after Sokać (1972). E. Tyrrhenocythere transitivum sp. nov. F. Tyrrhenocythere pezinokensis (Jiříček, 1985). G. Tyrrhenocythere rastislavi sp. nov. original by author.

Fig. 2 in Phylogeny, palaeoecology, and invasion of non-marine waters by the late Miocene hemicytherid ostracod Tyrrhenocythere from Lake Pannon

Fig. 2. Geographical sketch (A) and lithological column (B) of Pezinok clay pit (Pipík 1998). C. Detail of the sequence with Tyrrhenocythere mirror swamps and shallow water sedimentation on the bord of freshwater−/miohaline lake (Baráth et al. 1999).

Fig. 5. Late Miocene hemicytherid ostracods from the layer 36 in Phylogeny, palaeoecology, and invasion of non-marine waters by the late Miocene hemicytherid ostracod Tyrrhenocythere from Lake Pannon

Fig. 5. Late Miocene hemicytherid ostracods from the layer 36+37A in Pezinok, Slovakia. A–C, I, L. Tyrrhenocythere transitivum sp. nov. A. RV♂, paratype, SNM RP27−21, external lateral view. B. LV♂, paratype, SNM RP27−18, external lateral view. C. LV♀, paratype, SNM RP26−4−4, external lateral view. I. LV♀, paratype, SNM RP27−19, internal lateral view; I1, central muscle scars; I2, detail of hinge. L. RV♀, paratype, SNM RP27−22, internal lateral view, detail of hinge. D. Tyrrhenocythere sp. 1, RV, SNM RP27−2, external lateral view; D1, SEM photo; D2, valve in transparent light. F. Tyrrhenocythere sp. 2, RV♀, SNM RP28−2, external lateral view. G, J. Tyrrhenocythere pezinokensis (Jiříček, 1985). G. LV♀, SNM RP27−8, internal lateral view, G1, central muscle scars; G2, detail of hinge. J. RV♀, paratype, SNM RP27−5, internal lateral view, detail of hinge. E, H, K. Tyrrhenocythere rastislavi sp. nov. E. RV♂, paratype, SNM RP26−16−1, external lateral view. H. RV♀, paratype, SNM RP27−15, internal lateral view; H1, central muscle scars; H2, detail of hinge. K. LV♀, paratype, SNM RP27−12, internal lateral view, detail of hinge.

Fig. 8 in Phylogeny, palaeoecology, and invasion of non-marine waters by the late Miocene hemicytherid ostracod Tyrrhenocythere from Lake Pannon

Fig. 8. Change of salinity tolerance in the course of phylogeny from fully marine/brackish Aurila through brackish Hemicytheria to brackish/freshwater Tyrrhenocythere; black, fully marine; grey, brackish; white, freshwater/oligohaline.

Fig. 1. A in Phylogeny, palaeoecology, and invasion of non-marine waters by the late Miocene hemicytherid ostracod Tyrrhenocythere from Lake Pannon

Fig. 1. A. Palaeogeographical map of Europe in the upper Miocene (9.5 Ma) (after Steininger and Rögl 1985). B. Lake Pannon in a time of maximum flooding surface in Pannonian zone E (Spiniferites paradoxus Biochron) (after Kováč 2000).