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3 results for “non-random species losses”
Consequences of non-random tree species loss on litter mass loss, nutrient dynamics, carbon cycling, and decomposer communities across a terrestrial-aquatic interface at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, Otto, NC
Although litter decomposition is a fundamental ecological process, most of our understanding comes from studies of single-species decay. Recently, litter-mixing studies have tested whether monoculture data can be applied to mixed-litter systems. These studies have mainly attempted to detect non-additive effects of litter mixing, which address potential consequences of random species loss. The focus is not on which species are lost, but the decline in diversity per se. Under global change, species loss is likely to be non-random, with some species more vulnerable to extinction than others. Under such scenarios, the effects of individual species (additivity) as well as of species interactions (non-additivity) on decomposition rates are of interest. To examine potential impacts of non-random species loss on ecosystems, we studied additive and non-additive effects of litter mixing on decomposition. A full-factorial litterbag experiment was conducted using four deciduous leaf species, from which mass loss and nitrogen content were measured. Data were analysed using a statistical approach that first looks for additive identity effects based on the presence or absence of species and then significant species interactions occurring beyond those. It partitions non-additive effects into those caused by richness and or composition.
Data from: Non-random loss of phylogenetically distinct rare species degrades phylogenetic diversity in semi-natural grasslands
1. Although biodiversity loss is a critically important topic, our understanding of how both land abandonment and land-use intensification in semi-natural grasslands alters the community diversity and assembly mechanisms is very limited. Large-scale economic drivers of land-use change might inadvertently result in the loss of vulnerable species and reduce ecosystem services provisioning. 2. In this study, we assessed non-random community change by examining patterns of low-abundance species loss, and community assembly in semi-natural grasslands due to land abandonment and intensification in southwest Japan. We analyzed relationships between evolutionary distinctiveness and abundance for each species. In addition, we used metrics of species and phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic structure to assess patterns of non-random biodiversity loss due to both abandoned and intensified land-use. 3. We demonstrated that low-abundance species were more evolutionarily distinct compared to high-abundance (i.e., dominant) species. Furthermore, land-use intensification resulted in further declines in low-abundance species, whereas land abandonment resulted in declines in all species, regardless of their initial abundance. 4. We found that both forms of land-use change (abandonment and intensification) resulted in non-random patterns of community change, with traditional land-use maintaining the highest biodiversity and land-use change coinciding with decreased species and phylogenetic diversity measures. Intensified land-use caused phylogenetic community structure to be more closely related than expected by chance, whereas the metrics of how distant species are from one another on average based on phylogenetic tree (i.e., mean pairwise phylogenetic distance) did not change from land abandonment. 5. Synthesis and applications. We show that the loss of phylogenetic diversity, and especially of low-abundance species with high value of phylogenetic distinctiveness, resulted in non-random community disassembly. Our results argue that in order to maintain biodiversity in these semi-natural grasslands, traditional management practices should be encouraged over intensification and simple abandonment. Government agencies should adopt policies or provide incentives that encourage the maintenance of traditional practices in rural Japan, and elsewhere where the combination of land consolidation and abandonment are important conservation issues.
Data from: Non-random loss of phylogenetically distinct rare species degrades phylogenetic diversity in semi-natural grasslands
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