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23 results for “nonbreeding”
Positions for "First insights into migration routes and nonbreeding sites used by Red-rumped Swallows (Cecropis daurica rufula) breeding in the Iberian Peninsula"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Using EURING data and geolocation, we describe migration routes and nonbreeding range of Red-rumped Swallows breeding in the Western Palearctic. One bird ringed in southern Spain and recovered in southern Morocco indicates southwestern migration; geolocator data from five birds from central and eastern Iberian Peninsula confirm migration to various nonbreeding sites in sub-Saharan west Africa between Senegal/Mauritania and Ghana. Two swallows showed non-breeding site itinerancy by using more than one nonbreeding site per season. Despite wide ranges in departure for autumn (August- October) and spring migration (February-March), all birds arrived at nonbreeding and breeding sites within ±1-week from each other.</p> <p><strong>Zusammenfassung</strong></p> <p>Erste Einblicke in Zugrouten und Überwinterungsgebiete von Rötelschwalben (<em>Cecropis daurica rufula</em>) der Iberischen Halbinsel.<br> In dieser Studie beschreiben wir Zugrouten und Überwinterungsgebiete westpaläarktischer Rötelschwalben basierend auf EURING- und Geolokations-Daten. Eine Rötelschwalbe, die in Südspanien beringt und im südlichen Marokko wiedergefunden wurde, spricht für einen südwestlichen Zug. Geolokalisation von fünf Vögeln der zentralen und östlichen Iberischen Halbinsel zeigen Überwinterungsorte im sub-Saharischen Westafrika zwischen Senegal/Mauretanien und Ghana. Zwei der getrackten Rötelschwalben nutzten mehrere Überwinterungsplätze pro Saison. Trotz der großen Schwankungsbreite der Abzugszeiten im Herbst (August-Oktober) und im Frühjahr (Februar-März) erreichten die getrackten Vögel ihre Nichtbrut- bzw. Brutplätze innerhalb von 1–2 Wochen.</p>
Nonbreeding adult Adélie penguin data northern Antarctic Peninsula
<p>Raw, unprocessed satellite derived location data (Kiwisat PTT, Sirtrack New Zealand) Adélie penguins (adult, nonbreeding, N=30) tracked from two colonies at research stations in the South Shetland Islands, western Antarctic Peninsula. Fifteen individuals were tracked each at Carlini Station (ARG) and Henryk Arktowski Station (POL) during the austral summer of 2016-2017 (Nov to Feb). </p> <p>Data are provided in raw, csv format with lon, lat, individual ID, date/time, Argos-CLS location quality, and uw.prop (proportion of time spend underwater). Time is in UTC. </p>
Remote sensing and GPS tracking reveal temporal shifts in habitat use in nonbreeding Black-tailed Godwits
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Nonbreeding distributions of four declining Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are predicted to contract under future climate and socioeconomic scenarios
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Data from: Hidden space use behaviors of a nonbreeding migratory bird: The role of environment and social context
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Genetic structure in the nonbreeding range of rufa Red Knots suggests distinct Arctic breeding populations
<p>An understanding of the migratory connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding areas is fundamental to the management of long-distance migrants under pressure from habitat change along their flyways. Here we describe evidence for genetic structure within the nonbreeding range of the endangered Arctic-Canadian rufa subspecies of Red Knots (Calidris canutus). Using blood and tissue samples from the major nonbreeding regions in Argentina (Tierra del Fuego and Río Negro), northern Brazil (Maranhão), and southeastern USA (Florida), we estimated genetic structure in 514 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci, applying cluster assignment analyses in DAPC, assignPOP, and STRUCTURE. Using a priori location information, individuals could be correctly re-assigned to their nonbreeding regions, which validated that the assignment accuracy of the data was sufficient. Without using a priori location information, we detected 3–5 genotype clusters, and posterior assignment probabilities of samples to these genotype clusters varied among the three regions. Lastly a chi-square test confirmed that allele frequencies varied significantly among nonbreeding regions, rejecting the hypothesis that samples were drawn from a single gene pool. Our findings hint at undescribed structure within the Red Knot rufa breeding range in the Canadian Arctic and indicate that each rufa nonbreeding area in this study hosts a different subsample of these breeding populations. The observation that nonbreeding sites of rufa Red Knots contain different genetic pools argues for separate conservation management of these sites.</p>
Data from: Eastern Whip-poor-wills have larger nonbreeding home ranges in areas with more agriculture and forest fragmentation
<p>Migratory bird populations can be limited by events in disparate parts of the world. Birds in tropical regions are facing rapid habitat loss, climate change, and intensive agricultural regimes, potentially contributing to population declines. However, an understanding of basic non-breeding ecology of species, such as habitat and space use, is critical for determining if this is the case. Populations of the nocturnal/crepuscular Eastern Whip-poor-will (<em>Antrostomus</em> <em>vociferus</em>) have declined by 70% since the 1960's, yet data on the species are sparse outside of the breeding season. We extracted data from 41 archival GPS tags deployed on whip-poor-wills and estimated non-breeding home ranges and land covers used. We used satellite imagery and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values from claws grown during the non-breeding season to analyze how land cover and habitat moisture impacted home range size and relative trophic level. Forest was by far the most prevalent land cover used by whip-poor-wills, occurring in all home ranges and accounting for >80% of diurnal roosting points. We found that less forest, the presence of agriculture, and more edge (irrespective of land cover) were associated with larger home ranges. Stable isotope values differed by broadscale ecoregion but not local land cover characteristics in our study, indicating that regional idiosyncrasies or broadscale processes can be more important in determining stable isotope ratios. Our findings suggest that the loss, fragmentation, and replacement of forest by agriculture in the core of the whip-poor-will's non-breeding range may represent a threat to the species, as they rely heavily upon forest, and appear to alter space use in response to changes in forest cover.</p>
Data for: Post-migratory nonbreeding movements of birds: a review and case study
<p><span>Seasonal migrations are fascinating and ecologically important, but many migratory species are declining as climate change and land-use change alter the habitats used by migrants across the annual cycle. While some migratory birds use a single wintering site, others undertake large-scale post-migratory movements during the nonbreeding season. Technological advances that enable tracking individual birds are uncovering more examples of post-migratory nonbreeding movements. Documenting these movements is important for conservation, which requires understanding when and where migrants use habitats throughout their range. Here, we reviewed existing literature and collected information on the post-migratory nonbreeding movements of 92 migratory bird species from 18 orders across six continents. Among these records, the most commonly reported drivers of movements were resource availability and climate. This strong dependence of post-migratory nonbreeding movements on birds' abiotic and biotic environments suggests that environmental change will impact the patterns of these movements and potentially the fitness of species that undertake them. We also reviewed post-migratory nonbreeding movements in North American-breeding thrushes from the genus Catharus to examine the drivers of these movements in five closely related migratory species. We find that species that are less territorial are more likely to use multiple sites during the nonbreeding season; however, there is little evidence for dietary, evolutionary, or environmental differences between thrush species that move during winter and those that are stationary. While we believe our study represents the most comprehensive list of species exhibiting post-migratory nonbreeding movements to date, biases in sampling, a lack of common terminology for these movements, and the still-nascent availability of inexpensive, lightweight tracking devices mean that there are probably many more populations that undertake such movements. Future research into the consequences of post-migratory nonbreeding movements for individual fitness and ecosystem services would advance our understanding of their conservation importance and their evolution.</span></p>
Data from: Nonbreeding season survival of northern bobwhite in northeastern Colorado
<p>Northern bobwhites have experienced population declines in Colorado and range-wide. Estimating vital rates can provide clues to factors limiting population growth rate. Although recent estimates of breeding season survival in the northwest corner of the northern bobwhite range are available, there have been no recent studies on nonbreeding season survival. We used radio-telemetry to estimate nonbreeding season (Oct–Mar) survival of northern bobwhites at two study sites in northeastern Colorado during winter 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. Based on our sample of 157 bobwhites, we found that survival was highly variable between years and was negatively affected by colder daily minimum temperatures and deeper snow depths. Seasonal (6-month) survival during the first year was 0.219 (SE = 0.040) and during the second year was 0.006 (SE = 0.005). We found no evidence that sex, age, or study site influenced survival, and very weak support for an effect of body mass. During our study, there were two extreme winter weather events, during which we found unusually high numbers of non-predation mortality. Overall, northern bobwhite nonbreeding season survival in the northwest corner of their range appears to be generally similar to other regions, except during extreme winter weather events, which resulted in high mortality. We encourage managers to create or maintain vegetation characteristics that will provide shelter from winter weather while also providing abundant food in close proximity.</p>
Data from: The breeding distribution of a migratory bird fluctuates with nonbreeding season rainfall over the last century
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Data for: Post-migratory nonbreeding movements of birds: a review and case study
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Data from: Nonbreeding season survival of northern bobwhite in northeastern Colorado
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Genetic structure in the nonbreeding range of rufa Red Knots suggests distinct Arctic breeding populations
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Data from: Eastern Whip-poor-wills have larger nonbreeding home ranges in areas with more agriculture and forest fragmentation
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Prey selection by Chordeiles minor (Common Nighthawks) does not reflect differences in prey availability between breeding and nonbreeding grounds
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Data from: Wetter and more forested nonbreeding areas result in later departures but a faster spring migration in Vermivora chrysoptera (Golden-winged Warblers)
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Data from: Genetic analysis of museum samples suggests temporal stability in the Mexican nonbreeding distribution of a neotropical migrant
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Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) nest phenology influenced by drought on nonbreeding grounds
<p>Migratory birds are demonstrating changes in phenology linked to climate change. Understanding these changes requires connecting events that occur over the multiple regions occupied during their annual cycle. The Burrowing Owl (<i>Athene cunicularia</i>) is a species of concern in North America, with pronounced declines in regions of the Great Plains. Using a dataset that spanned ten breeding sites from South Dakota to northern Mexico in various years during 1989-2017, we observed both advances and delays in nesting along with increasing variation in nest initiation dates. We examined the effects of a large-scale climate system (El Niño Southern Oscillation), drought, and local weather patterns throughout the annual cycle as potential predictors of early and late nesting. Moisture conditions during the winter and spring migratory period had the greatest influence on nest phenology. Years with more intense drought on winter and migratory grounds increased the probability of nests initiating late relative to early. Correspondingly, wet conditions were associated with an increased probability of early nest initiation. Drought likely has cascading ecological effects that negatively influence food abundance for Burrowing Owls, resulting in delays in the ability of individuals to meet energetic demands required for migration. How climate change will impact Burrowing Owl phenology is important considering a projected increase in magnitude and frequency of drought and declining owl population trends. </p>
The ecological role of native-plant landscaping in residential yards to birds during the nonbreeding period
<p class="MsoNormal">Residential yards are a form of urban land use that cover a considerable amount of area in cities worldwide and provide important habitat for wildlife, especially when landscaped with native plants. Nevertheless, most native-plant landscaping and wildlife research in the northern temperate regions of the world has been conducted during the spring and summer breeding periods, leaving a gap in our understanding of the importance of residential yards and native plants as habitats for animals during the nonbreeding period. To fill this gap, we quantified the ecological role of native-landscaped yards to avifauna throughout Greater Los Angeles, California (L.A.) during the winter nonbreeding period, which is a time of year when the region hosts a high abundance and diversity of migratory and resident birds. We surveyed birds and habitat features from October-March of 2020 and 2021 at 22 pairs of native and nonnative-landscaped yards plus ten additional native-landscaped yards. We had three objectives for our study. First, we compared avifaunal communities, including feeding and nonfeeding behaviors, and habitat features between native and non-native-landscaped yards. Second, we quantified relationships between habitat features and bird richness, abundance, and feeding and nonfeeding behaviors — focusing on species affiliated with urban or natural terrestrial ecosystems of the region. Third, we documented feeding and nonfeeding behaviors by birds with native and non-native plants. Native-landscaped yards had a greater cover of native trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, and a higher cover of natural habitat elements, including leaf litter and bare-ground cover. Bird richness and abundance — especially bird species affiliated with tree and shrub-dominated ecosystems — were greater in native than nonnative-landscaped yards. Further, yards with a higher cover of native plants supported greater numbers of feeding birds, with individuals focusing their foraging behaviors on distinct native trees and shrubs, including <em>Quercus </em>spp. (oak), <em>Heteromeles </em>spp.<em> </em>(toyon), <em>Arctostaphylos </em>spp. (manzanita), and <em>Salvia </em>spp. (sage). Our results suggested that residential yards landscaped with native plants provide important habitats for birds during the nonbreeding period and are a viable approach for residents and cities if improving conditions for birds throughout the annual cycle is a goal.</p>
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) nest phenology influenced by drought on nonbreeding grounds
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OpenNeuro
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