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6 results for “nonlinear selection”
Data from: Interspecific competition alters nonlinear selection on offspring size in the field
Offspring size is one of the most important life-history traits with consequences for both the ecology and evolution of most organisms. Surprisingly, formal estimates of selection on offspring size are rare, and the degree to which selection (particularly nonlinear selection) varies among environments remains poorly explored. We estimate linear and nonlinear selection on offspring size, module size, and senescence rate for a sessile marine invertebrate in the field under three different intensities of interspecific competition. The intensity of competition strongly modified the strength and form of selection acting on offspring size. We found evidence for differences in nonlinear selection across the three environments. Our results suggest that the fitness returns of a given offspring size depend simultaneously on their environmental context, and on the context of other offspring traits. Offspring size effects can be more pervasive with regards to their influence on the fitness returns of other traits than previously recognized, and we suggest that the evolution of offspring size cannot be understood in isolation from other traits. Overall, variability in the form and strength of selection on offspring size in nature may reduce the efficacy of selection on offspring size and maintain variation in this trait.
Data from: Strong, nonlinear selection against fluctuating asymmetry in wild populations of a marine fish
Theoretical links between fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and fitness have led many to use FA as a proxy for average fitness. However, studies examining whether asymmetry actually correlates with individual fitness in wild populations are relatively rare and often use simple measures of association (e.g., correlation coefficients). Consequently, the pattern of selection on asymmetry in the wild is seldom clear. We examined selection on FA of pectoral fin morphology in two wild populations of a marine fish (the kelp perch; Brachyistius frenatus). As expected, variance in signed FA in each initial sample was significantly greater than that found in the surviving population, indicating selection against FA. Our estimate of the fitness surface confirmed perfect symmetry as the phenotypic optimum and indicated strong, nonlinear selection against asymmetry. No difference in the form of selection was detected between populations. However, the level of FA in the initial samples varied among populations, leading to an overall difference in the level of selective mortality. Our results suggest that selection on asymmetry in wild populations may be strongly nonlinear, and indicate that the demographic costs of asymmetry may play a substantial role in the dynamics of populations.
Data and scripts from: Experimental evidence of size-selective harvest and environmental stochasticity effects on population demography, fluctuations, and nonlinearity
<p class="MsoNormal">Theory and analyses of fisheries datasets indicate that harvesting can alter population structure and destabilize nonlinear processes, which increases population fluctuations. We conducted a factorial experiment on the population dynamics of <em>Daphnia magna</em> in relation to size-selective harvesting and stochasticity of food supply. Harvesting and stochasticity treatments both increased population fluctuations. Timeseries analysis indicated that fluctuations in control populations were nonlinear, and nonlinearity increased substantially in response to harvesting. Both harvesting and stochasticity induced population juvenescence, but harvesting did so via depletion of adults whereas stochasticity increased the abundance of juveniles. A fitted fisheries model indicated that harvesting shifted populations towards higher reproductive rates and larger-magnitude damped oscillations that amplify demographic noise. These findings provide experimental evidence that harvesting increases nonlinearity of population fluctuations and that both harvesting and stochasticity increase population variability and juvenescence.</p>
Data from: Strong, nonlinear selection against fluctuating asymmetry in wild populations of a marine fish
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Data from: Interspecific competition alters nonlinear selection on offspring size in the field
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data and scripts from: Experimental evidence of size-selective harvest and environmental stochasticity effects on population demography, fluctuations, and nonlinearity
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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