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37 results for “nonnative”
Figure 2 in Standard weight equations of two sub-/tropic nonnative freshwater fish, Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus, in the Sakarya River Basin (NW Turkey)
Figure 2. Distribution of the residuals used to investigate potential length-bias in the standard weight (W ) equation for C. gariepinus (a) and O. niloticus (b) from the s Sakarya River Basin (residuals = standardized residuals of the regression; fitted values = values obtained by the model fit).
Figure 1 in Standard weight equations of two sub-/tropic nonnative freshwater fish, Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus, in the Sakarya River Basin (NW Turkey)
Figure 1. Area of collection of the data (black rectangle = Sakarya River Basin; yellow dots = locations of the field stations within the Sakarya River Basin) (courtesy of Google Earth).
FIG. 5 in Ulva L. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) from Manawatāwhi/ Three Kings Islands, New Zealand: Ulva piritoka Ngāti Kuri, Heesch & W.A.Nelson, sp. nov. and records of two nonnative species, U. compressa and U. rigida
FIG. 5. — Ulva piritoka Ngāti Kuri, Heesch & W.A.Nelson, sp. nov.: A, surface view showing rhizoids extending from cells; B, rhizoidal clump from lower surface of thallus. Scale bars: A, 20 µm; B, 50 µm
FIG. 3 in Ulva L. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) from Manawatāwhi/ Three Kings Islands, New Zealand: Ulva piritoka Ngāti Kuri, Heesch & W.A.Nelson, sp. nov. and records of two nonnative species, U. compressa and U. rigida
FIG. 3. — Phylogenetic tree inferred by Maximum Likelihood analysis from partial rbcL sequences of Ulvacean species. Numbers above lines indicate ML bootstrap support values (BS) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP). BS values below 60% and PP values below 0.9 are not shown. Species names (reflecting current nomenclature; Guiry & Guiry 2021) are followed by GenBank/ENA accession numbers and origin of the sample (see Table 2 for references). New sequences are set in bold.
FIG. 4. — A in Ulva L. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) from Manawatāwhi/ Three Kings Islands, New Zealand: Ulva piritoka Ngāti Kuri, Heesch & W.A.Nelson, sp. nov. and records of two nonnative species, U. compressa and U. rigida
FIG. 4. — A, Holotype Ulva piritoka Ngāti Kuri, Heesch & W.A.Nelson, sp. nov.; B, section through distromatic blade; C, section in region of rhizodal clump showing deeper adaxial cell layer and rhizoids arising from cells of both thallus layers. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, C, 50 µm
Figure 1 in The ichthyofaunal diversity of freshwater ecosystems in Gökçeada Island (NW Turkey) under the pressure of nonnative species
Figure 1. Map of Gökçeada Island with sampling sites.
Warming during maternal generations delays offspring germination in native and nonnative species
<p>As environmental conditions shift due to global warming and other human-caused environmental changes, plastic responses in phenological traits like germination or flowering time may become increasingly important. While phenological plasticity is a common response to global warming, with many populations exhibiting earlier germination or flowering in warmer years, warming may also result in transgenerational plasticity, especially on early life stages. In other words, seeds produced by mothers inhabiting warmer environments may germinate faster (or slower) than seeds produced by mothers inhabiting ambient or cooler environments. Here, we use seeds collected from a field warming experiment to examine how germination and early growth differ in response to ambient vs. warmed (+3°C) temperatures experienced by both maternal and offspring generations. Because nonnative species are often more phenotypically plastic than native species and because a variety of life history traits and environmental factors affect the evolution of both within and transgenerational plasticity, we include multiple invasive and native plant species in our study. On average, warming experienced during maternal generations delayed germination by ~0.2 days/°C, although species varied in the magnitude of response. In contrast, warming during the offspring generation tended to advance germination by ~0.1 days/°C. Nonnative species demonstrated higher germination success than native species, but we detected no differences in germination timing between native and nonnative species or that native and nonnative species differed in either within- or transgenerational plasticity, although species (independent of native status) did exhibit differing degrees of within- and transgenerational plasticity in germination timing and early growth. This study suggests that temperatures experienced by maternal plants can influence their offspring's germination phenology, potentially even more so than temperatures experienced in the offspring's immediate environment.</p>
Nonnative fish facilitate nonnative snails and alter food web structure in experimental pond communities
<p>1. Contemporary ecosystems commonly support multiple nonnative species, which can alter community structure and interact with one another directly and indirectly. Novel interactions between invasive species can result in the facilitation or suppression of one or both invaders, making it important to understand the underlying mechanisms that affect invasion outcomes. </p> <p>2. Goldfish (<em>Carassius</em> <em>auratus</em>) and Chinese mystery snails (<em>Cipangopaludina</em> <em>chinensis</em>) are freshwater species that have been introduced widely through the aquarium trade and co-occur in their nonnative ranges. We used an outdoor mesocosm experiment to assess separate and combined effects of goldfish and mystery snails on pond community structure and to investigate whether goldfish and mystery snails affected one another positively, neutrally, or negatively. We predicted that the distinct trophic levels of each species and the anti-predator traits of mystery snails would lead to positive interactions between invaders and synergistic effects on the aquatic community. </p> <p>3. Goldfish directly increased turbidity and decreased floating filamentous algae, zooplankton, juvenile native snails, and survival of amphibians via consumptive effects. Goldfish indirectly increased attached periphyton, phytoplankton, and body size of surviving native green frogs (<em>Lithobates</em> <em>clamitans</em>) through trophic cascades and/or release from competition. Mystery snails had more subtle effects, including reducing growth rates of native gray tree frogs (<em>Hyla</em> <em>versicolor</em>), likely through competitive interactions. </p> <p>4. With goldfish present, mystery snails showed increased reproductive success (higher total biomass of juveniles), likely due to indirect competitive release from other herbivores. In contrast to their effects on native snails, goldfish did not consume juvenile mystery snails, likely due to their unique traits (e.g., large size and shell thickness). Mystery snails slightly reduced goldfish growth but did not affect their survival. </p> <p>5. These results suggest unidirectional facilitation between invaders via indirect changes in the food web. Overall, our study found strong direct and indirect effects of invasive aquarium species, particularly goldfish, and provides experimental support for the invasional meltdown hypothesis within urban waterbodies, which are especially prone to invasions.</p>
FIG. 1 in Ulva L. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) from Manawatāwhi/ Three Kings Islands, New Zealand: Ulva piritoka Ngāti Kuri, Heesch & W.A.Nelson, sp. nov. and records of two nonnative species, U. compressa and U. rigida
FIG. 1. — Map of northern New Zealand showing the position of Manawatāwhi/Three Kings Islands.
FIG. 2 in Ulva L. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) from Manawatāwhi/ Three Kings Islands, New Zealand: Ulva piritoka Ngāti Kuri, Heesch & W.A.Nelson, sp. nov. and records of two nonnative species, U. compressa and U. rigida
FIG. 2. — Subtidal patches of Ulva piritoka Ngāti Kuri, Heesch & W.A.Nelson, sp. nov.
Climate-related geographic variation in performance traits across the invasion front of a widespread nonnative insect
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Data from: Does cohistory constrain information use? Evidence for generalized risk assessment in nonnative prey
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Nonnative fish facilitate nonnative snails and alter food web structure in experimental pond communities
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Warming during maternal generations delays offspring germination in native and nonnative species
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Total biomass of two native and one nonnative Eugenia congeners from growth chamber experiment with site, soil microbe, and temperature treatments to test biotic interaction effects of range expansion.
To assess the potential for invasive plants to shift ranges more readily than native plant species, a growth chamber experiment was set up to monitor changes in biomass under different site, temperature, and soil biota treatments. Total biomass (above and belowground) of three Eugenia congeners was assessed by site, soil microbe, and temperature treatments. Of the three congeneric shrub species, two are native to southern and central Florida (Eugenia foetida and E. axillaris,), and one is a non-native invasive from south America (E. uniflora). We measured total biomass for these plant species in growth chambers grown under live and sterile soils from two sites within their current range, and one site in their expected range, simulating current (2010) and predicted future (2050) spring growing season temperatures in the new range. The experiments took place from 2012 - 2013 in University of Central Florida growth chambers.
Data from: Global test of Eltonian niche conservatism of nonnative freshwater fish species between their native and introduced ranges
Despite growing evidence that biotic interactions limit the distribution of species and their potential redistribution under climate change, the recent surge of interest in niche conservatism has predominantly focused on the Grinellian (abiotic) niche, whereas few studies have attempted to quantify potential lability in the Eltonian (biotic or trophic) niche. Here, we test for conservatism in the Eltonian niche of 32 freshwater fish species between their introduced and native ranges from 435 populations across the globe. We used stable isotope data to quantify niche shifts along the horizontal (δ13C: indicating the origin of the resources consumed) and vertical (δ15N: describing the trophic position) dimensions of the isotopic niche, as well as shifts in overall isotopic niche breadth. Using an assemblage centroid standardized isotope vector analysis and controlling for phylogenetic relatedness among species, we demonstrated that introduced freshwater fishes exhibited flexibility in both resource use and trophic position that was beyond levels of natural variability observed in their native ranges. By contrast, niche breadth showed variability only within the limits recorded in native populations and varied independently from shifts in mean isotopic niche positions. Across all species and introduction histories, we found a consistent shift towards more balanced acquisition of resources with mixed origins and at intermediate trophic positions, suggesting a general mechanism by which fish species successfully establish into recipient communities. The mechanisms that promote or inhibit species from shifting their Eltonian niche remains unknown, but trophic flexibility is likely to contribute to both the success and the ecological impacts of invasive species and range shifts of native species under future global change.
Supplementary material 1 from: Kuebbing SE, Simberloff D (2015) Missing the bandwagon: Nonnative species impacts still concern managers. NeoBiota 25: 73-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.25.8921
TNC Non-native Species Management Survey: Explanation note: Online survey to assess land managers nonnative species management strategies.
Data from: Nonnative old-field species inhabit early-season phenological niches and exhibit unique sensitivity to climate
<p>Native and nonnative plant species can exhibit differences in the timing of their reproductive phenology as well as their phenological sensitivity to climate. These contrasts may influence species' interactions and the invasion potential of nonnative species; however, a limited number of phenology studies expressly consider phenological mismatches among native and nonnative species over broad spatial or temporal scales. To fill this knowledge gap, we used two complementary approaches: first, we quantified the flowering phenology of native and nonnative plants at five old-field sites across a spatially extensive range of eastern North America. Second, we used herbarium records to compare the sensitivity of flowering and fruiting phenology to climate across a 114-year time period in a subset of common old field species in southwestern Pennsylvania. Across the study region, nonnatives reproduced substantially earlier in the growing season than natives, suggesting that nonnatives occupy a unique phenological niche (0.55 months earlier flowering across the North American study sites; 50.1 days earlier flowering and 17.5 days earlier fruiting in southwestern Pennsylvania). Both natives and nonnatives advanced their reproductive phenology between 1900 to 2014 but exhibited contrasting phenological sensitivity to climate factors. During the flowering stage of phenology, nonnatives were more sensitive to changes in precipitation than natives and generally delayed flowering in wetter years. Nonnative plants had greater sensitivity and advanced fruiting when the month preceding fruiting was warmer while native plants had greater sensitivity and advanced fruiting when the three-month period preceding fruiting was warmer. Our findings suggest that nonnative old-field species occupy an earlier phenological niche relative to native species, which may facilitate their invasion into old-field communities. However, given the different sensitivities of native and nonnative plants to climate factors, present-day patterns of phenology are likely to shift with future climate changes, potentially leading to novel species interactions that may influence the outcomes of invasion.</p>
Supplementary material 3 from: Worthy SJ, Marsico TD, Lucardi RD, Whitehurst LE, Burgess KS (2022) Variation in plant traits and phylogenetic structure associated with native and nonnative species in an industrialized flora. NeoBiota 77: 101-123. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.77.87307
Phylogenetic tree depicting genetic relationships among 159 species of the flora at the Port of Savannah, Savannah, Georgia, USA, with available sequences
FIG. 2 in Giant Gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) Exploit Abundant Nonnative Prey While Maintaining Their Appetite for Native Anurans
FIG. 2.—Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) standardized prey selection ratios for 382-mm SVL (snout–vent length) snakes (triangles), 536-mm SVL snakes (circles), and 690-mm SVL snakes (squares). Symbols represent posterior modes; error bars represent 95% highest posterior density intervals.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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