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Figure 4. Skelosophusa prolixa. A dorsal view B frontal view C sternal view D in A new species of Foza Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006 from northern Madagascar (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamoidea, Potamonautidae), with a redescription of F. goudoti (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) comb. n., and comments on Skelosophusa prolixa Ng & Takeda, 1994

Figure 4. Skelosophusa prolixa. A dorsal view B frontal view C sternal view D major (left) cheliped. Adult male (NHM 2009.122), CW 29.3 mm.

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Figure 2 in A new species of Foza Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006 from northern Madagascar (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamoidea, Potamonautidae), with a redescription of F. goudoti (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) comb. n., and comments on Skelosophusa prolixa Ng & Takeda, 1994

Figure 2. Foza ambohitra sp. n. A dorsal view B frontal view C sternal view D major (right) cheliped. A, B adult female (FMNH 11056), CW 43.1 mm C, D holotype, adult male, CW 39.5 mm.

Fig. 3 in New collections of freshwater crabs from northern Madagascar, with the description of a new species of Foza Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006 (Brachyura, Potamonautidae), and comments on their conservation status

Fig. 3. Foza manonae sp. nov. Holotype, adult ♂, CW 43.7 mm, Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar (ZSM A20145003). Entire animal. A. Dorsal view. B. Frontal view. C. Sternal view. Scale bar: 14.6 mm.

Fig. 2 in New collections of freshwater crabs from northern Madagascar, with the description of a new species of Foza Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006 (Brachyura, Potamonautidae), and comments on their conservation status

Fig. 2. Foza manonae sp. nov. Holotype, adult ♂, CW 43.7 mm, Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar (ZSM A20145003). A. Left and right G1 and G2 shown in situ in ventral view. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Sternum and abdomen, ventral view. E. Left mandibular palp, superior view. F. Left mandibular palp, frontal view. Scale bar: 14 mm (A–B, E), 23.2 mm (C–D).

Fig. 4 in New collections of freshwater crabs from northern Madagascar, with the description of a new species of Foza Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006 (Brachyura, Potamonautidae), and comments on their conservation status

Fig. 4. Distribution map of northern Madagascar showing the seven localities (black circles) where freshwater crabs were collected in the present study: Foza manonae sp. nov. (white circles), F. ambohitra (triangle), and Madagapotamon humberti (squares).

Fig. 1 in New collections of freshwater crabs from northern Madagascar, with the description of a new species of Foza Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006 (Brachyura, Potamonautidae), and comments on their conservation status

Fig. 1. Foza manonae sp. nov. Holotype, adult ♂, CW 43.7 mm, Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar (ZSM A20145003). A. Carapace, frontal view. B. Carapace, dorsal view. C. Third maxilliped, ventral view. D. Carpus and merus of cheliped, dorsal view. E. Carpus and merus of cheliped, ventral view. F. Right cheliped, frontal view. G. Left cheliped, frontal view.

Fig. 4 in Two new Pandanus frogs (Guibemantis: Mantellidae: Anura) from northern Madagascar

Fig. 4. Guibemantis albomaculatus sp. nov. in life. A–B. Two specimens with unknown sex or voucher numbers from Montagne d'Ambre. C–D. ♀, from Montagne d'Ambre, probably ZSM 894/2003 (FG/ MV 2002.904). e. Specimen from Manongarivo with unknown sex or voucher number. F–G. ♂, from Manongarivo, ZSM 816/2003 (FG/MV 2002.735).

Fig. 3 in Two new Pandanus frogs (Guibemantis: Mantellidae: Anura) from northern Madagascar

Fig. 3. Preserved holotype specimens of the two new species described herein, Guibemantis woosteri sp. nov. [ZSM 5063/2005 (ZCMV 2044)] and G. albomaculatus sp. nov. [ZSM 0895/2003 (FGMV 2002.905)], in dorsal and ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Fig. 2 in Two new Pandanus frogs (Guibemantis: Mantellidae: Anura) from northern Madagascar

Fig. 2. Map of northern Madagascar, showing mostly verified distribution records of the two species of Guibemantis Dubois, 1992 described herein, and of the recently described G. milingilingy Bletz, Scherz, Rakotoarison, Lehtinen, Glaw & Vences, 2018. The locality Ambatovaky is only based on similarities in coloration and is in need of confirmation. The map shows the remaining primary vegetation of Madagascar (www.vegmad.org), green colors indicating rainforest, brown/orange colors deciduous dry forest.

Fig. 1 in Two new Pandanus frogs (Guibemantis: Mantellidae: Anura) from northern Madagascar

Fig. 1. Maximum Likelihood tree of species in the genus Guibemantis Dubois, 1992, subgenus Pandanusicola Glaw & Vences, 1994 (rooted with the nominal subgenus). The tree is based on an analysis of 535 bp of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and contains representatives of all valid species of Guibemantis. Numbers at nodes are bootstrap proportions from a Maximum Likelihood bootstrap analysis (500 replicates) in percent (BP), and posterior probabilities (PP) from Bayesian Inference (only shown for nodes with either BP> 60% or PP> 0.95). Inset photos show the two new species described herein.

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Fig. 3. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A in Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry (Euphorbiaceae), a distinctive new tree species from Montagne des Français in northern Madagascar

Fig. 3. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A. Typical habitat in Montagne des FranÇais, deciduous forest on limestone tsingy; B. Canopy leaves; C. Canopy from below; D. Trunk (c. 40 cm in diam.); E. Seedling growing in a crack of a block of limestone tsingy; F. Close-up of the adaxial side of a leaf base showing the epipetiolar glands and the distinct reddish coloration at the junction of the secondary veins; G. Close-up of the abaxial leaf surface showing the minute lepidote pubescence; H. Fruit, already fallen to the ground and still indehiscent; I. Endocarps and seeds; note the whitish fleshy cover of the fresh seed on the upper right.

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Fig. 2. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A in Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry (Euphorbiaceae), a distinctive new tree species from Montagne des Français in northern Madagascar

Fig. 2. – Croton aleuritoides P.E. Berry. A. Staminate flower (three stamens broken off); B. Pistillate flower, with one sepal removed and two of the three styles broken off. Note the minute petals; C-D. Capsule dehiscing both septicidally (exo- and endocarp) and loculicidally (exocarp only); E. Seed (partially dried). [Service Forestier 20088, P]

Fig. 6. Croton adenophorus Baill. A in A revision of the Adenophorus Group and other glandular-leaved species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from northern Madagascar and Mayotte, including three new species

Fig. 6. Croton adenophorus Baill. A. Habit, in a heavily disturbed and cultivated area along RN 6, near turnoff for Ampampamena airstrip; B. Leaves; C. Smooth bark on young twigs; D-E. Close-ups of stipules and leaf bases; note the auriculate, elongate stipules, the acropetiolar glands, and the laminar glands on the adaxial side of the lamina (arrows); F. Inflorescence with staminate flowers and buds; G-H. Inflorescences with pistillate flowers; note the green, unequal sepals, the patent stigmas, and the variable occurrence of petals; I. Capsule. [A, F: van Ee et al. 2288; B, G: van Ee et al. 2382; C: van Ee et al. 2287; D, H: van Ee et al. 2384; E: van Ee et al. 2295; I: van Ee et al. 1165] [Photos: A, F: K. Kainulainen; B-E, G-I: P. Berry]

Fig. 13. Croton tsiampiensis Leandri A in A revision of the Adenophorus Group and other glandular-leaved species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from northern Madagascar and Mayotte, including three new species

Fig. 13. Croton tsiampiensis Leandri A. Habit of a felled shrub; B. Laciniate stipules; C. Leaves; note the compact young inflorescences; D. Underside of leaf showing the prominent (palmate) secondary venation and the transvenulose tertiary venation; note the petiolar and laminar glands (arrow); E. Inflorescence with pistillate and staminate flowers; F. Brach with senescent leaves and infructescence with a mature capsule. [A, E:Randrianaivo et al. 1400; B-D: van Ee et al. 2370; F: Gillespie et al. 10696] [Photos: A, E: R. Randrianaivo; B: K. Kainulainen; C-D: P. Berry; F: L. Gillespie]

Fig. 4 in A revision of the Adenophorus Group and other glandular-leaved species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from northern Madagascar and Mayotte, including three new species

Fig. 4. Capsules (A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O); Seeds (B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P). A-B. Croton nudatus Baill.; C-D. Croton stanneus Baill.; E-F. Croton adenophorus Baill.; G-H. Croton bathianus Baill.; I-J. Croton loucoubensis Baill.; K-L. Croton orangeae Kainul. & P.E. Berry; M-N. Croton sahafariensis Kainul. & P.E. Berry; O-P. Croton tsiampiensis Leandri. [A: Randrianaivo et al. 1424; B: Gautier & Chatelain 4898; C: Gillespie 10802; D: Nusbaumer LN 906; E: van Ee et al. 1165; F: van Ee et al. 2294; G: van Ee et al. 2406; H: van Ee et al.1138; I: Nusbaumer 2536; J: Bernard et al. 1192; K-L: Razafitsalama et al. 692; M-N: van Ee et al. 2314; O-P: Nusbaumer 902]

Fig. 12. Croton scoriarum Leandri A in A revision of the Adenophorus Group and other glandular-leaved species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from northern Madagascar and Mayotte, including three new species

Fig. 12. Croton scoriarum Leandri A. Habit; B. Bark; C. Mature leaves; D. Underside of young leaf; E. Inflorescence with staminate flowers and buds; F-G. Inflorescences with pistillate flowers; H. Young fruits. [A, C, D: van Ee et al. 2329; B, E-F: van Ee et al. 1118; G-H: van Ee et al. 1129] [Photos: A, C: K. Kainulainen; B, D-H: P. Berry]

Fig. 3. Croton nudatus Baill. A in A revision of the Adenophorus Group and other glandular-leaved species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from northern Madagascar and Mayotte, including three new species

Fig. 3. Croton nudatus Baill. A. Leafless branch with young inflorescences.; B. Understory dwarf shrub; C. Leaves; D. Young inflorescence. Note the white woolly pubescence on the young leaves and shoots of this specimen; E. Leaves of a more hirsute specimen; F. Pistillate flower; G. Inflorescences with predominantly staminate flower; H. Close up of staminate and pistillate flowers; I. Immature capsules on a specimen with subglabrous leaves. [A: van Ee et al. 1064; B: van Ee et al. 2302; C: van Ee et al. 2321; D: van Ee et al. 2341; E-F: Callmander et al. 253; G-H: Burivalova 34; I: Randrianaivo et al. 1424] [Photos: A: B. van Ee; B: K. Kainulainen; C-D: P. Berry; E-F: M. Callmander; G-H: Z. Burivalova; I: R. Randrianaivo]

Fig. 2. Distribution maps. A in A revision of the Adenophorus Group and other glandular-leaved species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from northern Madagascar and Mayotte, including three new species

Fig. 2. Distribution maps. A. Croton nudatus Baill. (white), C. stanneus Baill. (yellow); B. Croton adenophorus Baill. (green) and C. tsiampiensis Leandri (white); C. Croton bathianus Leandri (light blue), C. loucoubensis Baill. (yellow), and Croton scoriarum Leandri (red); D. Croton orangeae Kainul. & Berry (red) and C. sahafariensis Kainul. & Berry (yellow); E. Croton mayottae P.E. Berry & Kainul. [Google Earth Image © 2017 DigitalGlobe. Reproduced per attribution guidelines]

Fig. 10. Croton orangeae Kainul. & Berry A in A revision of the Adenophorus Group and other glandular-leaved species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from northern Madagascar and Mayotte, including three new species

Fig. 10. Croton orangeae Kainul. & Berry A. Leaves; B. Bark; C. Underside of leaves; note the scabrous, stellate, indument and the laminar glands (arrow); D. Young inflorescences; E. Flowering branch with staminate flower and young fruits; F. Staminate flower and young fruits; G. Staminate flower in anthesis and mature fruits below. [A-B: van Ee et al. 2351; C-E: van Ee et al. 1080; F-G: Razafitsalama et al. 692] [Photos: A-D: P. Berry; E: B. van Ee; F-G: R. Randrianaivo]

Fig. 5. Croton stanneus Baill. A in A revision of the Adenophorus Group and other glandular-leaved species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from northern Madagascar and Mayotte, including three new species

Fig. 5. Croton stanneus Baill. A. Fertile branches of a small tree in the middle of the dry season, showing senescent leaves and partially deciduous habit, and unusually elongate inflorescences with irregular spacing of the cymules; B. Underside of leaves, showing the typical silvery ("stanneus") color and conspicuous divergent glands at the junctions of the secondary veins with the midvein; C. Branch showing contrasting leaf surfaces and single fruit and short persistent sepals; D. Branch showing the terminal position of the inflorescence; E. Base of an inflorescence and an axillary shoot showing young leaves and the conspicuous falcate stipules; F. Inflorescence showing unevenly spaced cymules of staminate flowers and depressed globose buds; G. Infructescence with immature capsules showing scattered darker trichomes; H-I. Inflorescences and young capsules in more hirsute, ferrugineous forms. Note the mixed cymules and young fruits with erect styles and speckled surface in I. [A-B: van Ee et al. 2039; C: Gillespie 10802; D: van Ee et al. 2158; E-F: van Ee et al. 2160; G: Nusbaumer 3379; H: van Ee et al. 2038; I: van Ee et al. 804] [Photos: A-B, D-F, I: P. Berry; C: L. Gillespie; G: L. Nusbaumer]