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14 results for “number observations”
Ultrafine particle number concentration observations perpendicular to a main street in Berlin, Germany, in summer 2017
<p>The data set was recorded in summer 2017 in Berlin, Germany. It was the basis of the paper:</p> <p>Fritz, S., Schubert, S., and Schneider, C. (2021). Measurements of spatial variability of sub-micron particle number concentrations perpendicular to a main road in a built-up area. metz. 30, 315–331. doi:10.1127/metz/2021/1058</p> <p>The measurement setup, study site, and devices used are described more detailed in the paper.</p> <p>The data sets uploaded include observations of particle number concentrations, wind direction and wind speed at ground level as well as traffic count data. The time stamp is in local time for Berlin/Germany.</p> <p>The data sets:</p> <p>coordinates.csv contains the coordinates of the measurement points used in file obs_pnc_wind. The column ‘distance’ links these two files. The values in the column ‘distance’ are the distance from the curb of the main road. The distance ‘-10’ represents the measurement point on the central strip of the main road. The two columns ‘latitude’ and ‘longitude’ provide the coordinates of the measurement points.</p> <p>obs_pnc_wind contains the observation data for particle number concentration (PNC), wind speed, and wind direction. PNC was recorded in #/cm³ with a TSI 3007 CPC at a 1-second resolution. Wind speed `ws’ [m/s] was recorded with a KESTREL 5000 with a 2-second resolution. Wind direction ‘wdir’ [°] was manually recorded as the most prominent wind direction within the 3-minute measurements per measurement point in angles of 10°. Wind direction was changed to NA (wdir_comment > 0), if it could not be determined either due to too calm wind (wdir_comment = 1) or with continuously changing wind direction (wdir_comment = 2). Along the measurement route, sometimes additional sources occurred and were recorded in the variable ‘source_type’ at the time they passed by the measurement device. Variable ‘source_comment’ provides additional information about ‘source_type’ where necessary.</p> <p>traffic_count contains the vehicles counted on the main street (Straße des 17. Juni) for each of the 72 runs. It was calculated as [vehicles/hour] based on 5-minute traffic counts. During the traffic counts, we differentiated between smaller (light duty) vehicles (<3.5 t, cars, vans, motorcycles, scooters) and bigger (heavy duty) vehicles (> 3.5 t, trucks and busses).</p>
◂Fig. 6 Gynoecial development, fruit and seedling of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A–F light microscopy, G–K stereo microscopy of endocarp, mesocarp removed; L–O field images; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and strongly stained, peripheral tissue). C, D TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). E Young fruit %note developing endocarp and flashily pink portions of the mesocarp). F TS of postanthetic flower %note three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). G TS of endocarp, with three developed embryos removed %note scanty endosperm). H Endocarp. J TS of endocarp. K Endocarp. L Immature fruits. M Mature fruits. N Seedlings %note short hypocotyl and long petioles of cotyledons). O Seedlings %note long hypocotyl and short petioles of cotyledons; image taken from cultivated plant, accession number 2012–0005, in the Botanical Garden Munich) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; ao, abortive ovule; cot, cotyledon; db, dorsal bundle; c, calyx; ec, endocarp; ens, endosperm; ex, exocarp; fr, fruit; h, hypocotyl; int, integument; lb, lateral bundle; mc, mesocarp; o, ovule; pet, petiolus; sty, style; ut, peripheral tissue; vs, ventral slit) in Observations on flower and fruit anatomy in dioecious species of Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) with evolutionary interpretations
◂Fig. 6 Gynoecial development, fruit and seedling of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A–F light microscopy, G–K stereo microscopy of endocarp, mesocarp removed; L–O field images; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and strongly stained, peripheral tissue). C, D TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). E Young fruit %note developing endocarp and flashily pink portions of the mesocarp). F TS of postanthetic flower %note three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). G TS of endocarp, with three developed embryos removed %note scanty endosperm). H Endocarp. J TS of endocarp. K Endocarp. L Immature fruits. M Mature fruits. N Seedlings %note short hypocotyl and long petioles of cotyledons). O Seedlings %note long hypocotyl and short petioles of cotyledons; image taken from cultivated plant, accession number 2012–0005, in the Botanical Garden Munich) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; ao, abortive ovule; cot, cotyledon; db, dorsal bundle; c, calyx; ec, endocarp; ens, endosperm; ex, exocarp; fr, fruit; h, hypocotyl; int, integument; lb, lateral bundle; mc, mesocarp; o, ovule; pet, petiolus; sty, style; ut, peripheral tissue; vs, ventral slit)
Рис. 2. ΔоΛговременная Αинамика весенней чисΛенности трех виΑов уток (A — трескунка; B — касатки; C — шиΛохвости) на ΑебеΑинском стационаре Хинганского заповеΑника (показаны уровень значимости и 95-процентный ΑоверитеΛьный интерваΛ) Fig. 2. Long-term spring number dynamics of three duck species at the Lebedinsky Station of Khingansky State Nature Reserve with p-values and 0.95 confidence intervals. A — Gargany; B — Falcated Duck; C — Pintail in The results of long-term observation of waterfowl spring migration in Khingan Nature Reserve, Eastern Russia
Рис. 2. ΔоΛговременная Αинамика весенней чисΛенности трех виΑов уток (A — трескунка; B — касатки; C — шиΛохвости) на ΑебеΑинском стационаре Хинганского заповеΑника (показаны уровень значимости и 95-процентный ΑоверитеΛьный интерваΛ) Fig. 2. Long-term spring number dynamics of three duck species at the Lebedinsky Station of Khingansky State Nature Reserve with p-values and 0.95 confidence intervals. A — Gargany; B — Falcated Duck; C — Pintail
Helios number density structure observation times
<p>This record contains the dates, times and observing probe of number density structures observed by the two Helios spacecraft. Only structures observed at heliocentric distances less than 0.5 AU are listed.</p> <p>structure_times.csv contains following columns:</p> <p>Start: Start time of each observed structure (UT)<br> End : End time of each observed structure (UT)<br> Probe : Observing probe of each structure (1 for Helios 1, 2 for Helios 2)</p> <p>This is a supplement to "<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732567">Number density structures in the inner heliosphere</a>", published in Astronomy & Astrophysics.</p>
COVID-19 lockdown measures impacted citizen science hedgehog observation numbers in Bavaria, Germany
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has led to temporary changes in human-animal interactions due to changes in human activities. Here we report on a surge in hedgehog observations during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany in 2020, on the citizen science web portal 'Igel in Bayern' (Hedgehogs in Bavaria) in Germany. This increase in comparison to previous years could be attributed to an increase in the number of people reporting hedgehog observations, rather than an increase in the number of hedgehog observations done by each observer. Additionally, in contrast to other studies on the effects of a COVID-19 lockdown on observations recorded by Citizen Science projects, the share of observations made in more urbanized areas during the lockdown time was not higher than the change observed in less urbanized areas. This is possibly a result of the differences in COVID-19 measures between Germany and other countries where preceding studies were carried out, in particular the lack of measures limiting outdoor activities for citizens.</p>
Data for: Neural basis of social influence of observing other's perception in dot-number estimation
<p>This functional magnetic resonance imaging study reports the neural basis of the social influence of observing others' perceptions in dot-number estimation. We found that the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) was associated with the detection of the self-other discrepancy. The posterior part of MPFC was especially functionally connected with the right superior parietal lobule (SPL), which is sensitive to numerical perception. The SPL activation was modulated after observing others' perceptions in the dot-number estimation task. Furthermore, the multivariate pattern analysis showed that the spatial activity patterns altered after the observation. These suggest that the MPFC detects the self-other discrepancy of numerical perception and communicates with the number-sensitive SPL, and triggers the modulation of the activation in the SPL.</p>
COVID-19 lockdown measures impacted citizen science hedgehog observation numbers in Bavaria, Germany
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Data for: Neural basis of social influence of observing other’s perception in dot-number estimation
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Influence of number of individuals and observations per individual on a model of community structure
<p>Social network analysis is increasingly applied to understand animal groups. However, it is rarely feasible to observe every interaction among all individuals in natural populations. Studies have assessed how missing information affects estimates of individual network positions, but less attention has been paid to metrics that characterize overall network structure such as modularity, clustering coefficient, and density. In cases such as groups displaying fission-fusion dynamics, where subgroups break apart and rejoin in changing conformations, missing information may affect estimates of global network structure differently than in groups with distinctly separated communities due to the influence single individuals can have on the connectivity of the network. Using a bat maternity group showing fission-fusion dynamics, we quantify the effect of missing data on global network measures including community detection. In our system, estimating the number of communities was less reliable than detecting community structure. Further, reliably assorting individual bats into communities required fewer individuals and fewer observations per individual than to estimate the number of communities. Specifically, our metrics of global network structure (i.e., graph density, clustering coefficient, R<sub>com</sub>) approached the 'real' values with increasing numbers of observations per individual and, as the number of individuals included increased, the variance in these estimates decreased. Similar to previous studies, we recommend that more observations per individual should be prioritized over including more individuals when resources are limited. We recommend caution when making conclusions about animal social networks when a substantial number of individuals or observations are missing, and when possible, suggest subsampling large datasets to observe how estimates are influenced by sampling intensity. Our study serves as an example of the reliability, or lack thereof, of global network measures with missing information, but further work is needed to determine how estimates will vary with different data collection methods, network structures, and sampling periods.</p>
Observations of island wakes at high Rossby numbers: Evolutions of submesoscale vortices and free shear layer
<p>The dataset contains shipboard and moored current and temperature measurements used to produce the figures in a manuscript entitled as "Observations of island wakes at high Rossby numbers: Evolutions of submesoscale vortices and free shear layer". All the data are in MATLAB file format.</p> <p>Fig3_Experiment2.mat: current velocity and temperature data shown in Figure 3 in ten surveys.</p> <p>Fig4_MOORING.mat: Moored zonal velocity data at W1 and W2 shown in Figure 4.</p> <p>Fig6_L6.mat: meridional current data, Ro and shear-squared shown in Figure 6.</p> <p>Fig7_Experiment1_T1.mat: temperature and current data in Figures 7a-c.</p> <p>Fig7_case05.mat: temperature and current data in Figures 7d and 7g.</p> <p>Fig7_case08.mat: temperature and current data in Figures 7e and 7h.</p> <p>Fig7_case11.mat: temperature and current data in Figure 7f and 7i.</p> <p>Fig8_(a)-(e): temperature and current data in Figure 8.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Influence of number of individuals and observations per individual on a model of community structure
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Figure S1. Different factors observed in the reproduction of S. hirundinacea in 2021 at TEBAR, including total numbers and numbers based on egg type laid.
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Photon number trajectories for "Monitoring the energy of a cavity by observing the emission of a repeatedly excited qubit"
<p>Includes 1000 photon number trajectories, obtained the same way as in Fig. 3c of the article.</p>
A Study to Observe the Number of Patients Who Develop Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA, a Rare Form of Anemia) While Receiving Epoetin Alfa or Other Recombinant Erythropoietins
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00211029. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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