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18 results for “nutrient heterogeneity”
Data from: Heterogeneity in habitat and nutrient availability facilitate the co-occurrence of N2 fixation and denitrification across wetland - stream - lake ecotones of Lakes Superior and Huron
Great Lakes coastlines are mosaics of wetland, stream, and lake habitats, characterized by a high degree of spatial heterogeneity that may facilitate the co-occurrence of seemingly incompatible biogeochemical processes due to variation in environmental factors that favor each process. We measured nutrient limitation and rates of N2 fixation and denitrification along transects in 5 wetland - stream - lake ecotones with different nutrient loading in Lakes Superior and Huron and hypothesized that rates of both processes would be related to nutrient limitation status, habitat type, and environmental characteristics including temperature, nutrient concentrations, and organic matter quality. This data package includes information on sampling sites, dates and locations; rates of N fixation and denitrification measured at each site, date and transect location; and biomass information from nutrient diffusing substrates deployed on the study transects.
Soil microbial community shifts explain habitat heterogeneity in two Haloxylon species from a nutrient perspective
<p><span><em>Haloxylon</em> <em>ammodendron</em> and <em>Haloxylon</em> <em>persicum</em> (as sister taxa) are dominant shrubs in the Gurbantunggut Desert. The former grows in inter-dune lowlands while the latter in sand dunes. However, little information is available regarding the possible role of soil microorganisms in their habitat heterogeneity from a nutrient perspective in deserts</span><span>. </span><span>Rhizosphere is the interface of plant-microbe-soil interactions and f</span><span>ertile islands usually occur around the roots of desert shrubs. </span><span>Given this, </span><span>we applied quantitative real-time PCR combined with MiSeq amplicon sequencing to compare their rhizosphere effects on microbial abundance and community structures at three soil depths (0–20, 20</span><span>–</span><span>40, and 40</span><span>–</span><span>60 cm). The rhizosphere effects on microbial activity (respiration) and soil properties had also been estimated. The rhizospheres of both shrubs exerted significant positive effects on microbial activity and abundance (e.g. eukarya, bacteria and </span><span>nitrogen-fixing microbes</span><span>). The rhizosphere effect of <em>H</em>. <em>ammodendron</em> on microbial activity and abundance of bacteria and </span><span>nitrogen-fixing microbes</span><span> was greater than that of <em>H</em>. <em>persicum</em>. However, </span><span>the fertile island effect of </span><span><em>H</em>. <em>ammodendron</em></span><span> was weaker than that of </span><span><em>H</em>. <em>persicum</em></span><span>.</span><span> Moreover, t</span><span>here existed distinct differences in microbial community structure between the two rhizosphere soils. </span><span>Soil-available nitrogen, especially nitrate nitrogen was shown to be a</span><span> driver</span> <span>of microbial community </span><span>differentiation </span><span>among rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils in the desert.</span><span> In general, the rhizosphere of <em>H</em>. <em>ammodendron</em> recruited more </span><span>copiotrophs (e.g. </span><span>Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria), </span><span>nitrogen-fixing microbes and </span><span>ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and with stronger microbial activities. This helps it maintain a competitive advantage in relatively nutrient-rich lowlands. <em>H</em>. <em>persicum</em> relied more on </span><span>fungi, actinomycetes, archaea</span><span> (including </span><span>ammonia-oxidizing archaea</span><span>) </span><span>and</span><span> eukarya, with higher nutrient use efficiency, which help it adapt to the harsher dune crests. This study provides insights into the microbial mechanisms of habitat heterogeneity in two <em>Haloxylon</em> species in the poor desert soil. </span></p>
Data from: Soil nutrient heterogeneity alters productivity and diversity of experimental plant communities under multiple global change factors
<p>Plant communities in nature are often challenged by multiple global change factors (GCFs) and also ubiquitously encountered with soil nutrient heterogeneity. So far, however, we know little about the interactive effect of multiple GCFs and soil nutrient heterogeneity on plant communities.</p> <p>We conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment in which a plant community was either grown in heterogeneous soils consisting of high- and low-nutrient patches, or in homogeneous soils where the same amount of nutrients was evenly distributed. These plant communities were exposed to none (control), single, or a combination of two or four GCFs (i.e., drought, nitrogen deposition, microplastic and cadmium).</p> <p>Biomass of the plant community exposed to drought and nitrogen deposition were greater in heterogeneous than in homogeneous soils, but evenness of the plant community exposed to microplastics was lower. Increasing the number of GCFs increased community biomass more in heterogeneous than in homogeneous soils, but it generally reduced community evenness, independent of soil nutrient heterogeneity. These contrasting responses were related to changing competitive hierarchies and root foraging responses under different treatments.</p> <p>Our results suggest that soil nutrient heterogeneity can alter community productivity and diversity via changing competitive interactions of the component species, depending on both the identity and the number of GCFs acting on the community. These results have important implications for the maintenance of ecosystem functions and services under rapid and complex ongoing global changes.</p>
Data from: Soil nutrient availability rather than spatial nutrient heterogeneity shapes the intraspecific response of root architectural, morphological, and mycorrhizal traits in <em>Vaccinium myrtillus</em>
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Environmental heterogeneity across an urban gradient influences detritus and nutrients within artificial containers and their associated vector Aedes sp. larvae in San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Data from: Soil nutrient heterogeneity alters productivity and diversity of experimental plant communities under multiple global change factors
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Soil microbial community shifts explain habitat heterogeneity in two Haloxylon species from a nutrient perspective
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Data from: Spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrient supply modulates nutrient and biomass responses to multiple global change drivers in model grassland communities
Changes in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO2]), nutrient availability and biotic diversity are three major drivers of the ongoing global change impacting terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. While it is well established that soil nutrient heterogeneity exerts a strong influence on the development of plant individuals and communities, it is virtually unknown how nutrient heterogeneity and global change drivers interact to affect plant performance and ecosystem functioning. We conducted a microcosm experiment to evaluate the effect of simultaneous changes in [CO2], nutrient heterogeneity (NH), nutrient availability (NA) and species evenness on the biomass and nutrient uptake patterns of assemblages formed by Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata and Holcus lanatus. When the nutrients were heterogeneously supplied,assemblages exhibited precise root foraging patterns, and had higher above- and belowground biomass (average increases of 32% and 29% for above- and belowground biomass, respectively). Nutrient heterogeneity also modulated the effects of NA on biomass production, complementarity in nitrogen uptake and below: aboveground ratio, as well as those of [CO2] on the nutrient use efficiency at the assemblage level. Our results show that nutrient heterogeneity has the potential to influence the response of plant assemblages to simultaneous changes in [CO2], nutrient availability and biotic diversity, and suggest that it is an important environmental factor to interpret and assess plant assemblage responses to global change.
Data for: Effects of nutrient heterogeneity on root foraging and plant growth at the individual and community level
<p>Plants can respond to heterogeneous nutrient distribution through selective root placement to enhance nutrient uptake. It is believed that nutrient heterogeneity can better promote plant growth than homogeneous nutrient distribution, but comprehensive analyses are relatively few. We meta-analyzed the data from 131 comparative studies and synthesized the effects of nutrient heterogeneity on root foraging and plant growth, and examined the roles of patch scale and contrast. Plant responses to nutrient heterogeneity was phylogenetically conserved, and the response in shoot biomass was more correlated with the response in root biomass than with root foraging precision. Root precision depended on competition status, and plants in interspecific competition had lower precision. Community-level responses to nutrient heterogeneity were more significant than individual-level responses. With increasing patch scale, root foraging precision declined, while overall shoot and root responses of individuals increased. Moderate patch contrast significantly increased root responses compared to low and high patch contrast. Our results indicate that plants optimize nutrient acquisition from heterogeneous patches mainly through increasing root growth rate and exploit nutrients more effectively at the community than individual level. Patch attribute mediation of nutrient heterogeneity effects on plants may help design fertilization practices to promote productivity and conserve biodiversity. </p>
Data from: Is tropical montane forest heterogeneity promoted by a resource-driven feedback cycle? Evidence from nutrient relations, herbivory and litter decomposition along a topographical gradient
1. Ridges of tropical mountains often differ strikingly from neighbouring ravines in terms of forest structure, productivity, and species composition. This heterogeneity is poorly understood despite its critical role in biodiversity maintenance, carbon and nutrient budgets. 2. We examined measures of tree biomass and productivity, foliage and litter quality (nutrient concentrations, specific leaf mass, phenolics), herbivory and leaf litter decomposition in each six plots laid out in upper and lower slope position in a tropical montane moist forest in southeastern Ecuador. 3. Productivity, quality of foliage and litter and herbivory were significantly lower in upper slope position and closely correlated with soil nutrient concentrations and accumulated humus. The decomposition of upper slope leaf litter (decomposition rate k) was substantially lower than in litter from lower slope forest, whereas the site of decomposition (slope position) only had a marginal effect on the decomposition rate. 4. Our results suggest that the differences in stand structure, productivity, foliar quality, herbivory and decomposition between slope positions are ultimately due to stronger nutrient limitations in upper slope forest. We propose a general conceptual model that explains origin and maintenance of contrasting forest types along topographical gradients through down-slope fluxes of nutrients and water, and a nutrient-driven positive feedback cycle.
Divergent patterns and spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in a complex and dynamic savanna landscape
<p>Many grassy ecosystems around the world are experiencing woody encroachment. These woody encroachers often cause nutrient enrichment in the plant-soil environment, potentially facilitating their growth and reproduction. However, studies of encroachment effects on nutrient distributions have been confined to a few major elements (<i>e.g.,</i> N, and P) and limited in spatial extent. We analyzed 19 elements in dominant plants and in georeferenced soils across a subtropical savanna landscape experiencing woody encroachment to quantify their spatial patterns and elucidate drivers responsible for these patterns. We found divergent patterns of spatial heterogeneity of these elements in surface soils across this complex landscape. Nutrient accumulation underneath woody canopies and redistribution by woody plants occurred in a subset of elements (<i>i.e.</i>, N, P, S, Ca, Cu, and Sr). Though some of these elements are not necessarily growth-limiting, they do occur in higher concentrations in woody compared to herbaceous plants. Distributions of the other elements were closely related to spatial variation in soil pH, clay content, and slope rather than to woody encroachment. Our nuanced spatial sampling approach and analysis reveal significant variation in nutrient distributions in response to woody encroachment, and illustrate the role of landscape patterns in mediating ecosystem processes. These changes in the concentrations and distributions of key essential nutrients broaden our understanding of the biogeochemical consequences of woody encroachment, and provide new insights regarding the significance of long-term vegetation dynamics in dryland ecosystems.</p>
Data from: Nutrient availability and atmospheric CO2 partial pressure modulate the effects of nutrient heterogeneity on the size structure of populations in grassland species
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Data for: Effects of nutrient heterogeneity on root foraging and plant growth at the individual and community level
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Data from: Spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrient supply modulates nutrient and biomass responses to multiple global change drivers in model grassland communities
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Data from: Is tropical montane forest heterogeneity promoted by a resource-driven feedback cycle? Evidence from nutrient relations, herbivory and litter decomposition along a topographical gradient
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Divergent patterns and spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in a complex and dynamic savanna landscape
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Hierarchical spatial modeling of multiple soil nutrients and carbon in heterogeneous landuse patches of the central Arizona-Phoenix research area, from 1999 to 2006.
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Membrane stress and perturbed nutrient homeostasis as common attributes of heterogeneous aneuploidy
GEO Series GSE107997. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 23 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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