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18 results for “nutritional ecology”
Networking nutrients: how nutrition determines the structure of ecological networks - Dataset
<p>Raw sequencing data and other metadata files are associated with Cuff et al. (2021a, 2022a), available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4708418</p> <p>Data/code relating to the macronutrient contents and delineation of tropho-species clusters are associated with Cuff et al. (2021b, 2022b), available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5738016</p> <p>Cuff, Jordan P. (2021a). A molecular analysis of the diet and biocontrol potential of spiders in cereal crops - Dataset. <em>Zenodo</em>. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4708419</p> <p>Cuff, Jordan Patrick, Tercel, M. P., Vaughan, I. P., Drake, L. E., Wilder, S. M., Bell, J. R., … Symondson, W. O. (2021b). Evidence for nutrient-specific foraging of predators under field conditions. <em>Zenodo</em>. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5738015</p> <p>Cuff, Jordan P., Tercel, M. P. T. G., Drake, L. E., Vaughan, I. P., Bell, J. R., Orozco-terWengel, P., … Symondson, W. O. C. (2022a). Density-independent prey choice, taxonomy, life history and web characteristics determine the diet and biocontrol potential of spiders (Linyphiidae and Lycosidae) in cereal crops. <em>Environmental DNA</em>, in press. doi: 10.1002/edn3.272</p> <p>Cuff, Jordan P., Tercel, M. P. T. G., Vaughan, I. P., Drake, L. E., Wilder, S. M., Bell, J. R., … Symondson, W. O. C. (2022b). Evidence for nutrient-specific foraging of predators under field conditions. <em>Authorea</em>. doi: 10.22541/au.164908092.21266343/v1</p>
Data from: Linking land use and the nutritional ecology of herbivores: a case study with the Senegalese locust
1) Access to high-quality food is a main driver of population dynamics. For herbivores protein and carbohydrates are key nutrients that are notoriously variable in plants and are affected by land use. However, few studies have linked foraging decisions and performance in the laboratory to the nutritional landscape available in the field. 2) <i>Oedaleus senegalensis</i> is a nonmodel locust, a grass-feeder, and the main pest of millet, a subsistence crop in the Sahel. In this study, we examined dietary preference and locust performance across a range of protein:carbohydrate ratios using the Geometric Framework methodology. We then applied a fitness landscape approach to visualize these results with the plant nutrient contents available across four land-use types: millet, groundnut, fallow, and grazed fields. Finally, we contrasted our results with locust distribution in the field. Several locust species (<i>O. senegalensis</i> included) exhibit density dependent color polymorphism thus we also reported individual coloration (brown or green). 3) We found that <i>O. senegalensis</i> preferred moderately carbohydrate-biased food 1:1.6 protein: carbohydrate ratio. All traits recorded (mass gain, development time, growth rate, molt success, and performance index) were best near that ratio and declined on either side presenting a "hump-shape". Fallow fields contained more plants, particularly grasses, that were both abundant and closer to the optimal protein:carbohydrate ratio recorded from the lab experiments. 4) When we surveyed <i>O. senegalensis</i> abundance and proportion, we found that they were more numerous in the fallow fields. Brown morph individuals, the ones associated with high density, were proportionally more abundant in fallow fields than green individuals. 5) Our study provides evidence that variation in nutritional landscapes—relative to an herbivore's optimal nutrient balance—is a key driver of herbivore population distribution and abundance, and can be used to predict bottom-up effects on herbivore species. protein:carbohydrate ratio recorded from the lab experiments.
Fig. 1 in The nutritional ecology of Dectes texanus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Does host choice affect the macronutrient levels in overwintering larvae?
Fig. 1. The mean (± SE) A) head capsule width, B) wet mass, C) levels of protein per unit mass, D) levels of carbohydrates per unit mass, and E) levels of lipids per unit mass in larvae from sunflower (Sun) and soybean (Soy) plant hosts. An asterisk indicates that the levels are significantly different.
Data from: Linking land use and the nutritional ecology of herbivores: a case study with the Senegalese locust
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Full list of publications dealing with resources nutritional quality in ecology
<p><span>Our understanding of ecosystem functioning is strongly linked to the study of predator-prey relationships and food web structures. However, trophic ecology has often focused on identifying taxonomic relationships and quantifying the biomass or energy ingested by consumers, but has often failed to integrate the importance of the nutritional quality of resources in ecological dynamics. Underlying this gap is the multi-dimensional nature of resource quality which has hampered any consensus on the definition of resource nutritional quality. In this special issue, we aimed at gathering a subset of articles exemplifying the diversity of variables by which resources quality is quantified, the diversity of research topics that can be tackled in ecology - from physiological or evolutionary aspects to ecosystem processes - and propose some perspectives on the integration of nutritional quality within broader ecological concepts. Using a semi-automated literature analysis, we map the current landscape of the "resources nutritional quality" research of the last 30 years. We depict how it has been quantified through physical, biological or chemical indicators, the use of these parameters being largely dependent on the type of ecosystem studied and on the investigated ecological process. We then position t</span><span>he articles published in this special issue of Oikos within this landscape, showing they cover a small but relatively well representative subset of the domains of resources quality-related issues. Articles in this special issue browse a range of individual and population-level approaches (embracing evolutionary questions) to community related questions, include methodological issues and ecosystem-wide approaches using trophic quality indicators as tracers of resources origin. Based on these studies and on the literature review, we identify a non-exhaustive list of challenges and perspectives of research that we consider of highest priority in the large topic of trophic ecology.</span></p>
Full list of publications dealing with resources nutritional quality in ecology
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Does seasonal variation in the corticosterone response affect the nutritional ecology of a free-ranging lizard?
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Data from: Linking landscape-scale differences in forage to ungulate nutritional ecology
Understanding how habitat and nutritional condition affect ungulate populations is necessary for informing management, particularly in areas experiencing carnivore recovery and declining ungulate population trends. Variations in forage species availability, plant phenological stage, and the abundance of forage make it challenging to understand landscape-level effects of nutrition on ungulates. We developed an integrated spatial modeling approach to estimate landscape-level elk (Cervus elaphus) nutritional resources in two adjacent study areas that differed in coarse measures of habitat quality and related the consequences of differences in nutritional resources to elk body condition and pregnancy rates. We found no support for differences in dry matter digestibility between plant samples or in phenological stage based on ground sampling plots in the two study areas. Our index of nutritional resources, measured as digestible forage biomass, varied among landcover types and between study areas. We found that altered plant composition following fires was the biggest driver of differences in nutritional resources, suggesting that maintaining a mosaic of fire history and distribution will likely benefit ungulate populations. Study area, lactation status and year affected fall body fat of adult female elk. Elk in the study area exposed to lower summer range nutritional resources had lower nutritional condition entering winter. These differences in nutritional condition resulted in differences in pregnancy rate, with average pregnancy rates of 89% for elk exposed to higher nutritional resources and 72% for elk exposed to lower nutritional resources. Summer range nutritional resources have the potential to limit elk pregnancy rate and calf production, and these nutritional limitations may predispose elk to be more sensitive to the effects of harvest or predation. Wildlife managers should identify ungulate populations that are nutritionally limited and recognize that these populations may be more impacted by recovering carnivores or harvest than populations inhabiting more productive summer habitats.
Data from: Linking landscape-scale differences in forage to ungulate nutritional ecology
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Data from: Temperature dependence of predation stress and the nutritional ecology of a generalist herbivore
Prey at risk of predation may experience stress and respond physiologically by altering their metabolic rates. Theory predicts that such physiological changes should alter prey nutrient demands from N-rich to C-rich macronutrients and shift the balance between maintenance and growth/reproduction. Theory further suggests that for ectotherms, temperature stands to exacerbate this stress. Yet, the interactive effects of predation stress and temperature stress on diet, metabolism, and survival of ectotherms are not well known. This knowledge gap was addressed with a laboratory study in which wild juvenile grasshoppers were collected, assigned to one of three groups, and raised at three different temperatures. All grasshoppers had access to equal quantities of two diets composed of opposite carbohydrate:protein ratios. Half of the individuals in each temperature group were exposed to predation risk cues from spider predators, while the other half were kept in risk free conditions. Grasshoppers consumed more carbohydrates when exposed to predation risk, but consumption favored greater protein intake as temperature increased. Moreover, the difference in carbohydrate intake between risk cue and risk free treatments diminished as temperature increased. Furthermore, variability between individual consumption patterns both within and between treatments decreased markedly as temperature increased, suggesting that higher temperatures promote more consistent individual consumption behaviors. Grasshoppers grew faster and larger as temperature increased, which translated into higher survival rates at higher temperatures. Warmer grasshoppers also did not alter their metabolic rates in response to predation risk cues, in contrast to colder grasshoppers. Digestive efficiency increased with temperature as well, further indicating that lower temperatures were much more stressful than higher temperatures for grasshoppers. The study shows that physiological responses of ectothermic herbivores to predation stress are highly plastic and temperature dependent, with higher temperatures promoting increased protein intake, growth, development, survival, and digestive efficiency relative to colder temperatures. These findings help to reconcile why dietary responses (proportion of protein vs. carbohydrate intake) to predation stress may vary among different prey taxa studied previously.
Data from: The nutritional ecology of maturation in a carnivorous insect
Herbivores and omnivores, faced with a nutritionally complex diet, have evolved the capacity to balance the intake of specific nutrients. Recent studies have found that carnivores also have this capacity, despite their more nutritionally homogeneous diet. However, unlike herbivores and omnivores who prioritise protein intake when restricted to imbalanced foods, carnivores instead show much stricter regulation of fat intake. These choices to over- or under-consume nutrients when the intake target cannot be achieved are known as Rules of Compromise. To date, studies examining these rules have all been carried out at a single life stage, and it is unclear if these rules regarding the prioritisation of nutrients are fixed or labile. We address this question with a carnivorous beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides. We use a combination of dietary restriction and choice tests to determine the intake target and rules of compromise in reproductively mature beetles and in newly emerged adults undergoing a period of maturation feeding. We show that, despite having very similar intake targets, the rules of compromise differ between the two life stages. Whilst mature adults follow the typical carnivore rule of fat prioritisation, immature adults behave more like omnivores, showing strict regulation of protein intake, resulting in obesity when restricted to protein-poor diets. These alternate rules suggest different mechanisms or capacities to cope with excess protein across these life stages. Examining how intake targets and rules of compromise change across life stages could be a valuable approach for our understanding of weight gain across taxa, including in humans.
Fig. 2 in The nutritional ecology of Dectes texanus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Does host choice affect the macronutrient levels in overwintering larvae?
Fig. 2. Mean (± SE) levels of A) protein, B) carbohydrates, and C) lipids per unit mass in pith of sunflower (Sun) and soybean (Soy). An asterisk indicates that the levels are significantly different.
Data from: Towards a synthesis of frameworks in nutritional ecology: interacting effects of protein, carbohydrate, and phosphorus on field cricket fitness
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Data from: The nutritional ecology of maturation in a carnivorous insect
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Data from: Woodstoich III: integrating tools of nutritional geometry and ecological stoichiometry to advance nutrient budgeting and the prediction of consumer-driven nutrient recycling
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Data from: Temperature dependence of predation stress and the nutritional ecology of a generalist herbivore
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The Impact of Ecological Intelligence and Anxiety on Sustainable Nutrition
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07094607. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Developing an Ecological and Tailored Nutritional Intervention to Improve Quality of Life in Esophageal Cancer Survivors
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07024849. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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