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17 results for “ochyroceratids”
Fig. 14. Ochyroceratid webs. A–C in First Records of Extant Hispaniolan Spiders of the Families Mysmenidae, Symphytognathidae, and Ochyroceratidae (Araneae), Including a New Species of Ochyrocera
Fig. 14. Ochyroceratid webs. A–C, Ochyrocera cachote, n.sp., webs from a cloud forest in Barahona Province, Reserva Natural Cachote. D, Web of an unidentified ochyroceratid from Thailand (Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon National Park, photo GH36/R02 03.X.2003) showing a similar arrangement of silk lines running in parallel to each other. Photos by Gustavo Hormiga.
Tropical niche conservatism explains the Eocene migration from India to Southeast Asia in Ochyroceratid spiders
<p><span>Biological migrations between India and Southeast (SE) Asia provide an ideal system for exploring the effects of geology and climate on species ranges. Geologists have confirmed that the direct collision between India and Eurasia occurred in the Early Eocene, but most migrations occurred between the Indian subcontinent and SE Asia rather than the former and the southern margin of Eurasia. To explain this seemingly paradoxical disconnect between the routes of plate movement and biological migration, we studied the evolutionary history of the tropical spider family Ochyroceratidae based on 101 globally distributed species. We infer a robust dated phylogeny using both transcriptomic data and a dataset of classical markers and relate these to biogeographic and climatic analyses. Our results indicate that the monophyly of Ochyroceratidae is strongly supported, and the divergence times suggest a Cretaceous Gondwanan origin of the family. Reconstructed biogeographic histories support a dispersal event from the Indian subcontinent to islands of SE Asia 55–38 million years ago. Climatic analyses and the fossil record reveal that ochyroceratids are characterized by a high degree of tropical niche conservatism, and that the ancestor of the Indian and SE Asian clades originated in very warm, wet environments. Early Eocene tropical, perhumid climates in India and SE Asia may have facilitated ochyroceratid migration, whereas the dry or seasonal climate extending from the eastern coast of China to Central Asia may have acted as a barrier, preventing dispersal. Our analyses suggest that climate plays a more important role than geology in biological migration from the Indian subcontinent to SE Asia, providing new insights into the Indian–Asian biogeographic link.</span></p>
Tropical niche conservatism explains the Eocene migration from India to Southeast Asia in Ochyroceratid spiders
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FIGURES 29–32 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 29–32. Ochyrocera minotaure sp. n. Male 29–32. 29. Habitus, dorsal view. 30. Carapace, anterior view. 31. Palp, retrolateral view. 32. Palp, prolateral view.
FIGURES 18–22 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 18–22. Ochyrocera caillana sp. n. Male 18–20. Female 21–22. 18. Habitus, dorsal view. 19. Palp, retrolateral view. 20. Palp, prolateral view. 21. Epigynal region, ventral view. 22. Internal genitalia, ventral view.
FIGURES 6–8 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 6–8. Speocera violacea sp. n. Male 6–8. 6. Habitus, dorsal view. 7. Palp, retrolateral view. 8. Palp, prolateral view.
FIGURES 27–28 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 27–28. Ochyrocera italoi sp. n. Female 27–28. 27. Epigynal region, ventral view. 28. Internal genitalia, ventral view.
FIGURES 42–44 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 42–44. Ochyrocera otonga sp. n. Male 42–44. 42. Palp, retrolateral view. 43. Palp, prolateral view. 44. Chelicerae, posterior view.
FIGURES 23–26 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 23–26. Ochyrocera italoi sp. n. Male 23–26. 23. Habitus, dorsal view. 24. Palp, retrolateral view. 25. Palp, prolateral view. 26. Chelicerae, posterior view.
FIGURES 36–38 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 36–38. Ochyrocera zabaleta sp. n. Male 36–38. 36. Habitus, dorsal view. 37. Palp, retrolateral view. 38. Palp, prolateral view.
FIGURES 39–41 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 39–41. Ochyrocera zabaleta sp. n. Female 39–41. 39. Abdomen, dorsal view. 40. Epigynal region, ventral view. 41. Internal genitalia, ventral view.
FIGURES 33–35 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 33–35. Ochyrocera losrios sp. n. Male 33–35. 33. Habitus, dorsal view. 34. Palp, retrolateral view. 35. Palp, prolateral view.
FIGURES 2–5 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 2–5. Speocera bioforestae sp. n. Male. 2–4. Female. 5. 2. Palp, retrolateral view. 3. Palp, prolateral view (arrow point to tibial enlargement). 4. Chelicerae, posterior view. 5. Internal genitalia, ventral view.
FIGURES 45–47 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 45–47. Ochyrocera cashcatotoras sp. n. Male 45–47. 45. Habitus, dorsal view. 46. Palp, retrolateral view. 47. Palp, prolateral view.
FIGURES 48–50 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 48–50. Psiloochyrocera tortilis sp. n. Male 48–50. 48. Habitus, dorsal view. 49. Palp, retrolateral view. 50. Palp, prolateral view
FIGURES 9–12 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 9–12. Speocera musgo sp. n. Male 9–10. Female 11–12. 9. Palp, retrolateral view. 10. Palp, prolateral view. 11. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. 12. Chelicerae, posterior view.
FIGURES 13–17 in Descriptions of twelve new species of ochyroceratids (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from mainland Ecuador
FIGURES 13–17. Ochyrocera rinocerotos sp. n. Male 13–14. Female 15–17. 13. Palp, retrolateral view. 14. Palp, prolateral view (arrow points to tibial enlargement). 15. Habitus, dorsal view. 16. Epigynal region, ventral view. 17. Internal genitalia, ventral view.
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