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41 results for “offspring performance”
Fig. 4 in Lady beetle oviposition site choices: maternal effects on offspring performance
Fig. 4. Chroma (carotenoids) of Cycloneda sanguinea (A) and Hippodamia convergens (B) adults that developed with the Uroleucon (grey) and Brevicoryne (black) diets during the immature stages as a function of the mean brightness. Females are indicated with triangles and males with crosses. The dashed ellipse highlights the difference in mean brightness of Cycloneda sanguinea adults for each diet.
Fig. 2 in Lady beetle oviposition site choices: maternal effects on offspring performance
Fig. 2. Individual adult weight (mg) for Cycloneda sanguinea, Hippodamia convergens, and Harmonia axyridis that emerged afer the Uroleucon (grey) and Brevicoryne (black) larvae diets as a function of development time (d). Females are indicated with triangles and males with crosses. The dashed line indicates the weight difference of Cycloneda sanguinea in each diet.
Fig. 1 in Lady beetle oviposition site choices: maternal effects on offspring performance
Fig. 1. Survival curves as a function of time for Harmonia axyridis (A) and Cycloneda sanguinea (B) immatures fed with aphids Brevicoryne (white) or Uroleucon (grey). Straight lines demarcate the average periods for instars (first to fourth in Roman numerals) and pupae.
Fig. 3 in Lady beetle oviposition site choices: maternal effects on offspring performance
Fig. 3. Reflectance spectrum for the elytra of Cycloneda sanguinea (n = 33) (A) and Hippodamia convergens (n = 18) (B) adults when fed with Uroleucon or Brevicoryne aphids during the immature stages. Each curve represents the average of 6 spectral measures (3 in each elytra) performed for each individual.
Fig. 5 in Lady beetle oviposition site choices: maternal effects on offspring performance
Fig. 5. PCA graph performed for the following variables: development time (time), brightness, weight, and chroma derived from carotenoids, with the position of Hippodamia convergens (A) and Cycloneda sanguinea (B) adults which have emerged from the Uroleucon (grey) and Brevicoryne (black) diet during the immature stages, when sorted in function of the 2 main axes of data variation.
Data from: Risk of predation on offspring reduces parental provisioning, but not flight performance or survival across early life stages
<ol> <li>Developmental responses can help young animals reduce predation risk but can also yield costs to performance and survival in subsequent life stages with major implications for lifetime fitness. Compensatory mechanisms may evolve to offset such costs, but evidence from natural systems is largely lacking.</li> <li>In songbirds, increased nest predation risk should favour reduced provisioning, but also young that fledge (leave their nest) at an earlier age. Both responses can result in fledglings with shorter wings, reduced mobility, and decreased survival. Young may compensate for shorter wings developmentally by reallocating resources towards feather development or behaviourally by adjusting flight kinematics or habitat use. However, underfed young may lack the capacity to express these phenotypes due to insufficient resources or an inability to adjust allocation of resources.</li> <li>Using predation risk experiments and 29 years of observational field data, we test whether increased nest predation risk reduces flight performance and survival during the fledgling stage and explore potential mechanisms that might underlie these effects. We show that young from high-risk nests did not leave the nest earlier on average, but wing growth was slower likely due to observed reductions in parental feeding rates. Wings were shorter in high-risk nests when fledglings left the nest early. Yet, fledglings from high-risk nests showed improved flight performance for a given wing length such that flight performance at fledging did not differ between young from high-risk and low-risk nests. Young from high-risk nests may have offset the costs of shorter wings on flight performance by accelerating the emergence of flight feathers from their sheaths to reduce wing porosity, though evidence for this mechanism was mixed. Fledglings from high-risk nests also selected habitat with denser woody vegetation compared with young from low-risk nests.</li> <li>Together, these developmental and behavioural responses seem to mitigate the expected effects of increased nest predation risk on fledgling survival. Ultimately, our results show that offspring predation risk can affect parental provisioning and offspring morphology without major implications for performance and survival in subsequent life stages.</li> </ol>
Data from: Why does offspring size affect performance? Integrating metabolic scaling with life-history theory
Within species, larger offspring typically outperform smaller offspring. While the relationship between offspring size and performance is ubiquitous, the cause of this relationship remains elusive. By linking metabolic and life-history theory, we provide a general explanation for why larger offspring perform better than smaller offspring. Using high-throughput respirometry arrays, we link metabolic rate to offspring size in two species of marine bryozoan. We found that metabolism scales allometrically with offspring size in both species: while larger offspring utilise absolutely more energy than smaller offspring, larger offspring use proportionally less of their maternally-derived energy throughout the dependent, non-feeding phase. The increased metabolic efficiency of larger offspring while dependent on maternal investment may explain offspring size effects –larger offspring reach nutritional independence (feed for themselves) with a higher proportion of energy relative to structure than smaller offspring. These findings offer a potentially universal explanation for why larger offspring tend to perform better than smaller offspring but studies on other taxa are needed.
Maternal food restriction during pregnancy affects offspring development and swimming performance in a placental live-bearing fish
<p>How pregnant mothers allocate limited resources to different biological functions such as maintenance, somatic growth, and reproduction can have profound implications for early life development and survival of offspring. Here we examined the effects of maternal food restriction during pregnancy on offspring in the matrotrophic (i.e. mother-nourishment throughout gestation) live-bearing fish species <em>Phalloptychus januarius</em> (Poeciliidae). We fed pregnant females either with a 'low-food' or 'high-food' ration for six weeks and quantified the consequences for offspring size and body fat at birth and one week after birth. We further measured fast-start escape performance of offspring at birth, as well as swimming kinematics during prey capture at zero, two, and seven days after birth. We found that the length of maternal food restriction during pregnancy negatively affected offspring dry mass and lean dry mass at birth, as well as body fat gain during the first week after birth. Moreover, it impacted the locomotor performance of offspring during prey capture at, and during the first week after, birth. We did not observe an effect of food restriction on fast-start escape performance of offspring. Our study suggests that matrotrophic poeciliid fish are maladapted to unpredictably fluctuating resource environments, because sudden reductions in maternal food availability during pregnancy result in smaller offspring with slower postnatal body fat gain and an inhibition of postnatal improving swimming skills during feeding, potentially leading to lower competitive abilities after birth.</p>
Data from: Brood size, food availability, and body size affects male care decisions and offspring performance
<p>Parental care strategies do not only vary greatly across species, but also within species, there can be substantial between- and within-individual variation in parental care behaviour. To better understand the evolution of care strategies, it is crucial to determine how and when parents modify their behaviour in response to internal as well as environmental factors. Here, we investigated the effect of brood size, resource size and an individual's quality on care strategies of uniparental males and examined the downstream consequences on offspring performance in the burying beetle <em>Nicrophorus vespilloides</em>. Burying beetles breed on small vertebrate cadavers and, on average, males invest much less in care than females. Nevertheless, we found that uniparentally caring males were responsive to their social and non-social environment and adjusted the amount as well as the type of care to the size of the brood, the size of the cadaver and their own body size. Additionally, we show that the care strategies affected offspring performance. Specifically, males that cared longer had larger and more surviving larvae. Our results add to our understanding of plastic parenting strategies by showing that even the sex that provides less care can evolve a very flexible care behaviour.</p>
Data from: Why does offspring size affect performance? Integrating metabolic scaling with life-history theory
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Data from: Risk of predation on offspring reduces parental provisioning, but not flight performance or survival across early life stages
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Data from: Brood size, food availability, and body size affects male care decisions and offspring performance
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Data from: Intra-population variation in reproductive timing co-varies with thermal plasticity of offspring performance in perch (Perca fluviatilis)
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Maternal food restriction during pregnancy affects offspring development and swimming performance in a placental live-bearing fish
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Data from: Parental genetic similarity and offspring performance in blue tits in relation to brood size manipulation
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Data offspring performance following two-donor crosses at different floral stages and with different competitor types in greenhouse studies of Collinsia heterophylla
<p>Data on two offspring performance traits (seeds per capsule and flower number) in greenhouse studies of Collinsia heterophylla to investigate indirect benefits of mate choice. We performed two-donor pollinations during successive floral stages and with different competitor types (outcross and self) to assess how stigma receptivity and two pollen traits known to affect siring success influence offspring performance. We also investigated the link between seed production in mothers and offspring as an indication of heritability of this trait, and differential resource allocation by studying the influence of sibling performance in the same capsule.</p>
Data from: Relative contributions of offspring quality and environmental quality to adult field performance
Determinants of adult performance, such as growth and survival, are influenced by extrinsic, environmental and intrinsic, phenotypic factors. The relative importance of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, while ecologically relevant, is rarely estimated simultaneously. We estimate the relative contributions of offspring size (intrinsic) and various environmental factors (extrinsic) on adult performance in the marine colonial bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata. We used a variance partitioning approach for both new and previously published data, enabling us to examine the performance of over 1000 individuals in the field. We found offspring size to explain relatively little variation in adult performance. Of the environmental factors taken to account, temporal variation and an environmental gradient had the strongest influences.
Data from: Parental care buffers against effects of ambient temperature on offspring performance in an insect
Understanding how animals respond to and cope with variation in ambient temperature is an important priority. The reason for this is that ambient temperature is a key component of the physical environment that influences offspring performance in a wide range of ectotherms and endotherms. Here, we investigate whether post-hatching parental care provides a behavioral mechanism for buffering against the effects of ambient temperature on offspring in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. We used a 3×2 factorial design where we manipulated ambient temperature (15, 20 or 25°C) and parental care (presence or absence of a female parent after hatching). We found that the effect of ambient temperature on offspring performance was conditional upon the presence or absence of a caring female. Fewer larvae survived in the absence than in the presence of a caring female at 15°C whilst there was no difference in larval survival at 20 and 25°C. Our results show that parental care buffers against some of the detrimental effects of variation in ambient temperature on offspring. We suggest that post-hatching parental care may buffer against such effects by creating a more benign environment or by boosting offspring resilience towards stressors. Our results have important implications for our understanding of the evolution of parental care because they suggest that the evolution of parental care could allow species to expand their geographical range to colonize areas with harsher climatic conditions than they otherwise would tolerate.
Data from: Sperm pre-fertilization thermal environment shapes offspring phenotype and performance
Sperm pre-fertilization environment has recently been suggested to mediate remarkable transgenerational consequences for offspring phenotype (transgenerational plasticity, TGB), but the adaptive significance of the process has remained unclear. Here, we studied the transgenerational effects of sperm pre-fertilization thermal environment in a cold-adapted salmonid, the European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.). We used a full-factorial breeding design where the eggs of five females were fertilized with the milt of 10 males that had been pre-incubated at two different temperatures (3.5°C and 6.5°C) for 15 hours prior to fertilization. Thermal manipulation did not affect sperm motility, cell size, fertilization success or embryo mortality. However, offspring that were fertilized with warm-treated milt were smaller and had poorer swimming performance than their full-siblings that had been fertilized with cold-treated milt. Furthermore, the effect of milt treatment on embryo mortality varied among different females (treatment×female interaction) and male-female combinations (treatment×female×male interaction). Together these results indicate that sperm pre-fertilization thermal environment shapes offspring phenotype and post-hatching performance and modify both the magnitude of female (dam) effects and the compatibility of the gametes. Generally, our results suggest that short-term changes in sperm thermal conditions may have negative impact for offspring fitness. Thus, sperm thermal environment may have an important role in determining the adaptation potential of organisms to climate change. Detailed mechanism(s) behind our findings require further attention.
Life vs. Digital Music Interventions Performed by Professionals Throughout Pregnancy to Increase Mental Health for Mothers and Their Offspring
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07003048. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.