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61 results for “olfaction”
Human Olfaction Without Apparent Olfactory Bulbs
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Machine Learning Models and New Computational Tool for the Discovery of Insect Repellents that Interfere with Olfaction
<ul> <li><strong>SI1_Supporting Information</strong> file (docx) brings together detailed information on the outstanding models obtained for each dataset analyzed in this study such as statistical and training parameters and outliers. There can be found the responses in spikes/s of the mosquito <em>Culex quinquefasciatus </em>to the 50 IRs. Besides, there is presented a full table of the up-to-date studies related to QSAR and insect repellency.</li> <li><strong>SI2_EXP1_50IRs from Liu et al (2013)</strong> SDF file presents the structures of each of the 50 IRs analyzed.</li> <li><strong>SI3_EXP2_Datasets</strong> gathers the four datasets as SDF files from Oliferenko <em>et al.</em> (2013), Gaudin<em> et al. </em>(2008), Omolo <em>et al.</em> (2004), and Paluch <em>et al.</em> (2009) used for the repellency modeling in <strong>EXP2</strong>.</li> <li><strong>SI4_EXP3_Prospective analysis </strong>provides Malaria Box Library (400 compounds) as an SDF file, which were analyzed in our virtual screening to prospect potential virtual hits.</li> <li><strong>SI5_QuBiLS-MIDAS MDs lists</strong> contain three TXT lists of 3D molecular descriptors used in QuBiLS-MIDAS to describe the molecules used in the present study.</li> <li><strong>SI6_EXP1_Sensillar Modeling</strong> comprises two subfolders: Classification and Regression models for each of the six sensilla. Models built to predict the physiological interaction experimentally obtained from Liu <em>et al.</em> (2013). All of the models are implemented in the software SiLiS-PAPACS. Every single folder compiles a DOCX file with the detailed description of the model, an XLSX file with the output obtained from the training in Weka 3.9.4, an ARFF, and CSV files with the MDs for each molecule, and the SDF of the study dataset.</li> <li><strong>SI7_EXP2_Repellency Modeling </strong>encompasses the four datasets in the study: Oliferenko <em>et al.</em> (2013), Gaudin<em> et al. </em>(2008), Omolo <em>et al.</em> (2004), and Paluch <em>et al.</em> (2009). Inside the subfolders, there are three models per type of MDs (duplex, triple, generic, and mix) selected that best predict each dataset. As well as the SI6 folder, each model includes six files: DOCX, XLSX, ARFF, CSV, and an SDF.</li> <li><strong>SI8_Virtual Hits </strong>includes the cluster analysis results and physico-chemical properties of new IR virtual leads.</li> </ul>
Heterogeneous Receptor Expression Underlies Non-uniform Peptidergic Modulation of Olfaction in Drosophila
<p>Original confocal scans for all light microscopy images in the main and supplementary figures of Sizemore et al., 2023. <strong>If you make use of this data</strong>, please cite:</p> <p>Heterogeneous Receptor Expression Underlies Non-uniform Peptidergic Modulation of Olfaction in <em>Drosophila</em></p> <p>Tyler R. Sizemore, Julius Jonaitis, Andrew M. Dacks</p> <p><strong>doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41012-3</strong></p> <p> </p>
Wind gates olfaction-driven search states in free flight
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Olfaction in the Anthropocene: NO3 negatively impacts floral scent and nocturnal pollination
<p>There is growing concern about sensory pollutants impacting ecological communities. Anthropogenically enhanced oxidants (O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub>) rapidly degrade floral scents, potentially reducing pollinator attraction to flowers. However, the physiological and behavioral impacts on pollinators and plant fitness are unknown. Using a nocturnal flower-moth system, we find that atmospheric concentrations of NO<sub>3</sub>, but not O<sub>3</sub>, eliminate flower visitation by moths, and it is the reaction of NO<sub>3</sub> to a subset of monoterpenes that reduces the scent's attractiveness. Global atmospheric models of floral scent oxidation reveal that pollinators in certain urban areas may have a reduced ability to perceive and navigate to flowers. These results illustrate the impact of anthropogenic pollutants on an animal's olfactory ability and indicate that such pollutants may be critical regulators of global pollination.</p>
Data from: Olfaction written in bone: cribriform plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia
The evolution of mammalian olfaction is manifested in a remarkable diversity of gene repertoires, neuroanatomy, and skull morphology across living species. Olfactory receptor genes (ORG), which initiate the conversion of odorant molecules into odor perceptions and help an animal resolve the olfactory world, range in number from a mere handful to several thousand genes across species. Within the snout, each of these ORGs is exclusively expressed by a discrete population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSN), suggesting that newly evolved ORGs may be coupled with new OSN populations in the nasal epithelium. Because OSNs axon bundles leave high-fidelity perforations (foramina) in the bone as they traverse the cribriform plate (CP) to reach the brain, we predicted that taxa with larger ORG repertoires would have proportionately expanded footprints in the CP foramina. Previous work found a correlation between ORG number and absolute CP size that disappeared when body size effects were accounted for. Using updated, digital measurement data from high-resolution CT scans and reexamining the relationship between CP and body size, we report a striking linear correlation between relative CP area and number of functional ORGs across species from all mammalian superorders. This correlation suggests strong developmental links in the olfactory pathway between genes, neurons, and skull morphology. Furthermore, because ORG number is linked to olfactory discriminatory function, this correlation supports relative CP size as a viable metric for inferring olfactory capacity across modern and extinct species. By quantifying CP area from a fossil sabertooth cat (Smilodon fatalis) we predicted a likely ORG repertoire for this extinct felid.
Helping Olfaction and Nutrition On Renal Replacement
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02479451. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Olfaction written in bone: cribriform plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia
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Olfaction in the Anthropocene: NO3 negatively impacts floral scent and nocturnal pollination
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Data from: Olfaction at depth: cribriform plate size declines with dive depth and duration in aquatic arctoid carnivorans
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Figure 3 in Antennae and the role of olfaction and contact stimulation in mate recognition by males of the pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen gravelyi (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae)
Figure 3. Micrographs of the antennae and chemosensory sensilla of male Ceratosolen gravelyi. (a) Scanning electron micrograph of the head and antennae, showing an exposed area of the 2nd–3rd flagellomeres (F2–F3). (b) Scanning electron micrographs of an excised antenna, showing the scape (Sc), pedicel (Pe) and flagellum (F). (c) High magnification image of the terminal flagellomere (the 3rd flagellomere, F3) showing the three types of chemoreception sensilla: multiporous plate sensilla (MPS) and basiconic sensilla types 1 (BS-1) and 2 (BS-2). Note the terminal indentation (De) in the BS on the insets in the lower left corner. (d) Longitudinal section of a multiporous plate sensillum showing dendritic branches (DB) running parallel to the sensillar lymph (SL) and ending with cuticular pores (Po) at the sensillum surface. (e) Longitudinal section of the basal area of a basiconic sensilla type 1 inserted into a socket surrounded by a raised cuticular ring (CR). (f) Longitudinal section of the basal area of a basiconic sensilla type 2. (g–i) Cross-sections of a multiporous plate sensillum and basiconic sensilla types 1 and 2. The sensillar wall (SW) of BS-1 and BS-2 is non-porous at this level.
Data from: Olfaction contributes to pelagic navigation in a coastal shark
How animals navigate the constantly moving and visually uniform pelagic realm, often along straight paths between distant sites, is an enduring mystery. The mechanisms enabling pelagic navigation in cartilaginous fishes are particularly understudied. We used shoreward navigation by leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) as a model system to test whether olfaction contributes to pelagic navigation. Leopard sharks were captured alongshore, transported 9 km offshore, released, and acoustically tracked for approximately 4 h each until the transmitter released. Eleven sharks were rendered anosmic (nares occluded with cotton wool soaked in petroleum jelly); fifteen were sham controls. Mean swimming depth was 28.7 m. On average, tracks of control sharks ended 62.6% closer to shore, following relatively straight paths that were significantly directed over spatial scales exceeding 1600 m. In contrast, tracks of anosmic sharks ended 37.2% closer to shore, following significantly more tortuous paths that approximated correlated random walks. These results held after swimming paths were adjusted for current drift. This is the first study to demonstrate experimentally that olfaction contributes to pelagic navigation in sharks, likely mediated by chemical gradients as has been hypothesized for birds. Given the similarities between the fluid three-dimensional chemical atmosphere and ocean, further research comparing swimming and flying animals may lead to a unifying paradigm explaining their extraordinary navigational abilities.
Data from: De novo transcriptome analysis of the common New Zealand stick insect Clitarchus hookeri (Phasmatodea) reveals genes involved in olfaction, digestion and sexual reproduction
Phasmatodea, more commonly known as stick insects, have been poorly studied at the molecular level for several key traits, such as components of the sensory system and regulators of reproduction and development, impeding a deeper understanding of their functional biology. Here, we employ de novo transcriptome analysis to identify genes with primary functions related to female odour reception, digestion, and male sexual traits in the New Zealand common stick insect Clitarchus hookeri (White). The female olfactory gene repertoire revealed ten odorant binding proteins with three recently duplicated, 12 chemosensory proteins, 16 odorant receptors, and 17 ionotropic receptors. The majority of these olfactory genes were over-expressed in female antennae and have the inferred function of odorant reception. Others that were predominantly expressed in male terminalia (n = 3) and female midgut (n = 1) suggest they have a role in sexual reproduction and digestion, respectively. Over-represented transcripts in the midgut were enriched with digestive enzyme gene families. Clitarchus hookeri is likely to harbour nine members of an endogenous cellulase family (glycoside hydrolase family 9), two of which appear to be specific to the C. hookeri lineage. All of these cellulase sequences fall into four main phasmid clades and show gene duplication events occurred early in the diversification of Phasmatodea. In addition, C. hookeri genome is likely to express γ-proteobacteria pectinase transcripts that have recently been shown to be the result of horizontal transfer. We also predicted 711 male terminalia-enriched transcripts that are candidate accessory gland proteins, 28 of which were annotated to have molecular functions of peptidase activity and peptidase inhibitor activity, two groups being widely reported to regulate female reproduction through proteolytic cascades. Our study has yielded new insights into the genetic basis of odour detection, nutrient digestion, and male sexual traits in stick insects. The C. hookeri reference transcriptome, together with identified gene families, provides a comprehensive resource for studying the evolution of sensory perception, digestive systems, and reproductive success in phasmids.
Data from: Sex-specific responses to sexual familiarity, and the role of olfaction in Drosophila
Studies of mating preferences have largely neglected the potential effects of individuals encountering their previous mates ('directly sexually familiar'), or new mates that share similarities to previous mates, e.g. from the same family and/or environment ('phenotypically sexually familiar'). Here, we show that male and female Drosophila melanogaster respond to the direct and phenotypic sexual familiarity of potential mates in fundamentally different ways. We exposed a single focal male or female to two potential partners. In the first experiment, one potential partner was novel (not previously encountered) and one was directly familiar (their previous mate); in the second experiment, one potential partner was novel (unrelated, and from a different environment from the previous mate) and one was phenotypically familiar (from the same family and rearing environment as the previous mate). We found that males preferentially courted novel females over directly or phenotypically familiar females. In contrast, females displayed a weak preference for directly and phenotypically familiar males over novel males. Sex-specific responses to the familiarity of potential mates were significantly weaker or absent in Orco1 mutants, which lack a co-receptor essential for olfaction, indicating a role for olfactory cues in mate choice over novelty. Collectively, our results show that direct and phenotypic sexual familiarity is detected through olfactory cues and play an important role in sex-specific sexual behaviour.
Morphology of nares associated with stereo-olfaction in baleen whales
<p>The sensory mechanisms used by baleen whales (Mysticeti) for locating ephemeral, dense prey patches in vast marine habitats are poorly understood. Baleen whales have a functional olfactory system with paired rather than single blowholes (nares), potentially enabling stereo-olfaction. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is an odorous gas emitted by phytoplankton in response to grazing by zooplankton. Some seabirds use DMS to locate prey, but this ability has not been demonstrated in whales. For all 15 extant species of baleen whale, nares morphometrics (imagery from unoccupied aerial systems, UAS) was related to published trophic level indices using Bayesian phylogenetic mixed modelling. A significant negative relationship was found between nares-width and whale trophic level (β = -0.07, Lower 95% CI = -0.12, Upper 95% CI = -0.02), corresponding with a 36% increase in nares-width from highest to lowest trophic level. Thus, species with nasal morphology best suited to stereo-olfaction are more zooplanktivorous. These findings provide evidence that some baleen whale species may be able to localise odorants e.g., DMS. Our results helps direct future behavioural trials of olfaction in baleen whales, by highlighting the most appropriate species to study. This is a research priority, given the potential for DMS-mediated plastic ingestion by whales.</p>
OLFACTION AND BIPOLAR DISODER
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06809881. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Olfaction Disorders in Patients Included in The Trauma Brain Injury (TBI) Database at Trondheim University Hospital
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02565121. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Does Olfactory Training Improve Olfaction in a Population With Normal Sense of Smell?
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02980718. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Clinical Trial to Study the Effects on the Olfaction Capacity of an Individual Undergoing Skull Base Surgeries Using Cautery vs Scalpel .
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07385911. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Olfactive Discriminative Ability of Dogs When Confronted With Seizure and Non-seizure Samples // Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Epilepsy in Human Sweat.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04266990. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.