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opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Behavioral discrimination and olfactory bulb encoding of odor plume intermittency

In order to survive, animals often need to navigate a complex odor landscape where odors can exist in airborne plumes. Several odor plume properties change with distance from the odor source, providing potential navigational cues to searching animals. Here, we focus on odor intermittency, a temporal odor plume property that measures the fraction of time odor is present at a given point within the plume and decreases with increasing distance from the odor source. We sought to determine if mice are capable of using changes in intermittency to locate an odor source. To do so, we trained mice on an intermittency discrimination task. We establish that mice can discriminate odor plume samples of low and high intermittency and that the neural responses in the olfactory bulb can account for task performance and support intermittency encoding. Modulation of sniffing, a behavioral parameter that is highly dynamic during odor-guided navigation, affects both behavioral outcomes on the intermittency discrimination task as well as neural representation of intermittency. Together, this work demonstrates that intermittency is an odor plume property that can inform olfactory search and more broadly supports the notion that mammalian odor-based navigation can be guided by temporal odor plume properties.

zenodo36/100

Data for: Optogenetic olfactory behavior depends on illumination characteristics

Abstract Optogenetics has become an important tool to study behavior: it enables neuroscientists to infer causations by examining animal behavior after activating genetically circumscribed neurons with light. Light-induced activity is profoundly affected by illumination parameters used in experiments, such as intensity, duration, and frequency. How sensitive behavioral outcomes to light-dependent spike changes has not been extensively studied. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that light frequency would alter optogenetically induced behaviours. To test this, we activated olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in Drosophila by using either static- or pulsed-light stimuli. Static- and pulsed-light stimulations elicited distinct valence responses (attraction, aversion, neutral) to artificial activity in ORNs. Our results demonstrate the importance of light frequency for interpreting behavioral experiments accurately, and suggest that multiple light parameters should be tested before generalizing behavioral experiment results.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2019View details →

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Data for: Behavioral evidence of olfactory imprinting during embryonic and larval stages in lake sturgeon

Many migratory fishes are thought to navigate to natal streams using olfactory cues learned during early life stages. However, direct evidence for early-life olfactory imprinting is largely limited to Pacific salmon, and other species suspected to imprint show life history traits and reproductive strategies that raise uncertainty about the generality of the salmonid-based conceptual model of olfactory imprinting in fishes. Here, we studied early-life olfactory imprinting in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), which have a life cycle notably different from Pacific salmon, but are nonetheless hypothesized to home via similar mechanisms. We tested one critical prediction of the hypothesis that early-life olfactory imprinting guides natal homing in lake sturgeon: that exposure to odorants during early-life stages results in increased activity when exposed to those odorants later in life. Lake sturgeon were exposed to artificial odorants (phenethyl alcohol and morpholine) during specific developmental windows and durations (limited to the egg, free-embryo, exogenous feeding larvae, and juvenile stages), and later tested as juveniles for behavioral responses to the odorants that were demonstrative of olfactory memory. Experiments revealed that lake sturgeon reared in stream water mixed with artificial odorants for as little as 7 days responded to the odorants in behavioral assays over 50 days after the initial exposure, specifically implicating the free-embryo and larval stages as critical imprinting periods. Our study provides evidence for olfactory imprinting in a non-salmonid fish species, and supports further consideration of conservation tactics such as stream-side rearing facilities that are designed to encourage olfactory imprinting to targeted streams during early life stages. Continued research on lake sturgeon can contribute to a model of olfactory imprinting that is more generalizable across diverse fish species and will inform conservation actions for one of the world's most imperiled fish taxonomic groups.

publicJun 2023View details →

Data for: Behavioral evidence of olfactory imprinting during embryonic and larval stages in lake sturgeon

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publicApr 2024View details →

Behavioral discrimination and olfactory bulb encoding of odor plume intermittency

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publicNov 2025View details →

Bacterial-driven odorant receptor expression shifts alter olfactory behavior in the oriental fruit fly

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publicJun 2021View details →

Data from: Olfactory cues of large carnivores modify red deer behavior and browsing intensity

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zenodo32/100

Dataset for: Majority of olfactory-receptor neurons have individually neutral effects on behavior

Summary Animals use olfactory receptors to navigate danger, mates, and food. However, for complex olfactory systems, it is unknown what proportion of olfactory-receptor neurons (ORNs) can individually drive avoidance or attraction. Similarly it is unclear what rules govern behavioral responses to ORN-activity combinations. We used optogenetic analysis in Drosophila to map the behavior elicited by nearly all ORN classes; just one-fifth of ORNs drove either avoidance or attraction. Although wind and hunger are closely linked to olfaction, neither context had much effect on single-ORN-class behavior. Various models have been used to explain the way multiple ORNs combine their behavioral influences, including several simple pooling rules. To assess these, we activated two-way combinations and compared patterns of single- and double-ORN responses: these comparisons were inconsistent with simple pooling. We conclude that the majority of ORN types have neutral behavioral effects individually, but participate in broad, odor-elicited ensembles with potent behavioral effects arising from complex interactions.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2020View details →

opencc-zeroSep 2020View details →

Regulation of olfactory-based sex behaviors in the silkworm by genes in the sex-determination cascade

Insect courtship and mating depend on integration of olfactory, visual, and tactile cues. Compared to other insects, Bombyx mori, the domesticated silkworm, has relatively simple sexual behaviors as it cannot fly. Here by using CRISPR/Cas9 and electrophysiological techniques we found that courtship and mating behaviors are regulated in male silk moths by mutating genes in the sex determination cascade belonging to two conserved pathways. Loss of Bmdsx gene expression significantly reduced the peripheral perception of the major pheromone component bombykol by reducing expression of the product of the BmOR1 gene which completely blocked courtship in adult males. Interestingly, we found that mating behavior was regulated independently by another sexual differentiation gene, Bmfru. Loss of Bmfru completely blocked mating, but males displayed normal courtship behavior. Lack of Bmfru expression significantly reduced the perception of the minor pheromone component bombykal due to the down regulation of BmOR3 expression; further, functional analysis revealed that loss of the product of BmOR3 played a key role in terminating male mating behavior. Our results suggest that Bmdsx and Bmfru are at the base of the two primary pathways that regulate olfactory-based sexual behavior.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Data from: Olfactory testing in Parkinson's disease & REM behavior disorder: a machine learning approach

Objective: We sought to identify an abbreviated test of impaired olfaction, amenable for use in busy clinical environments in prodromal (isolated REM sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD)) and manifest Parkinson's. Methods: 890 PD and 313 control participants in the Discovery cohort study underwent Sniffin' stick odour identification assessment. Random forests were initially trained to distinguish individuals with poor (functional anosmia/hyposmia) and good (normosmia/super-smeller) smell ability using all 16 Sniffin' sticks. Models were retrained using the top 3 sticks ranked by order of predictor importance. One randomly selected 3-stick model was tested in a second independent Parkinson's dataset (n=452) and in two iRBD datasets (Discovery n=241; Marburg n=37) before being compared to previously described abbreviated Sniffin' stick combinations. Results: In differentiating poor from good smell ability, the overall area under the curve (AUC) value associated with the top 3 sticks (Anise, Licorice and Banana) was 0.95 in the development dataset (sensitivity:90%, specificity:92%, PPV:92%, NPV:90%). Internal and external validation confirmed AUCs≥0.90. The combination of 3-stick model determined poor smell and an RBD screening questionnaire score of ≥5, separated iRBD from controls with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 65%, 100%, 100% and 30%. Conclusions: Our 3-Sniffin'-stick model holds potential utility as a brief screening test in the stratification of individuals with Parkinson's and iRBD according to olfactory dysfunction. Classification of Evidence: This study provides Class III evidence that a 3-Sniffin'-stick model distinguishes individuals with poor and good smell ability and can be used to screen for individuals with iRBD.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Olfactory cues of risk and visual cues of safety interact with familiarity and phylogeny in shaping behavioral responses by littoral fishes

Prey incorporate information reliability when assessing risk of predation. Here, we report results of an experiment testing avoidance of chemical alarm cues derived from skin extract of blacknose shiners, Notropis heterolepis (BNS), attraction of a visible shoal of five BNS, and the combination of both, on fishes in Deming Lake where BNS occur. We then repeated the experiment in nearby Budd Lake where BNS do not occur. BNS avoided traps with conspecific alarm cues but did not respond to the presence of BNS shoals. Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas (FHM) avoided traps chemically labeled with BNS alarm cue when a shoal was absent and avoided BNS shoals when traps were labeled with water (control). When both BNS alarm cue and BNS shoal were combined, antipredator response to BNS alarm cue invoked a shoaling response with the BNS shoal in the trap. Redbelly dace, Chrysomus eos (RBD) responded weakly to BNS cues in Deming Lake and ignored them in Budd Lake. Non-cyprinid species (brook stickleback Culaea inconstans and pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus) did not respond to either olfactory or visual cues of BNS in Deming Lake. In Budd Lake, neither avoidance of BNS alarm cue nor attraction to BNS shoals surpassed the threshold of statistical significance, indicating a role of familiarity and learned recognition of risk and safety in cross-species reactions to olfactory and visual cues of heterospecifics.

publicSep 2020View details →

Regulation of olfactory-based sex behaviors in the silkworm by genes in the sex-determination cascade

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publicOct 2023View details →

Olfactory cues of risk and visual cues of safety interact with familiarity and phylogeny in shaping behavioral responses by littoral fishes

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publicJan 2022View details →

Data from: Olfactory testing in Parkinson’s disease & REM behavior disorder: a machine learning approach

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openGEO-OpenJun 2018View details →

Prior activity of olfactory receptor neurons is required for proper sensory processing and behavior in Drosophila larvae

GEO Series GSE111334. Drosophila melanogaster. 9 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.

openGEO-OpenApr 2020View details →

Behavioral and transcriptional response to selection for olfactory behavior in Drosophila

GEO Series GSE144433. Drosophila melanogaster. 30 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.

openGEO-OpenJun 2024View details →

An olfactory bulb GnRH neuronal population translates social relevant odors into reproductive behavior in male mice

GEO Series GSE268138. Mus musculus. 2 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.