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Figs. 8–13 in A new oligolectic bee species of the genus Rhophitulus Ducke (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) from South Brazil

Figs. 8–13. Male of Rhophitulus ater sp. nov. (paratype): (8) T7 in dorsal view; (9) S6 in ventral view; (10) S7 in ventral view; (11) S8 in ventral view; (12) genitalia in ventral view; and (13) genitalia in dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Figs. 1–7 in A new oligolectic bee species of the genus Rhophitulus Ducke (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) from South Brazil

Figs. 1–7. Rhophitulus ater sp. nov.: (1) female (holotype), head in frontal view; (2) female (holotype), lateral view; (3) male (paratype), head in frontal view; (4) male (paratype), lateral view; (5) female (paratype), mesosoma in dorsal view; (6) female (paratype), metasoma in dorsal view; and (7) male (paratype), metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar for figures 1–4 = 1 mm, figures 5–7 = 0.5 mm.

Figs. 14–17 in A new oligolectic bee species of the genus Rhophitulus Ducke (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) from South Brazil

Figs. 14–17. (14) Type locality of Rhophitulus ater sp. nov. in Parque Nacional São Joaquim, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The bees were collected on flowers of Blumenbachia catharinensis growing over "Taipas" (old fences built with stones to delimit pasture areas); mixed Araucaria forest in background. (15–17) Rhophitulus ater sp. nov. in Blumenbachia catharinensis. (15) Male and female in mating position on young leaves. (16) Female foraging on a pendulous flower; the black arrow indicates a hind tibia filled with pollen of B. catharinensis. (17) Male sleeping in a flower.

Figs. 18–25 in A new oligolectic bee species of the genus Rhophitulus Ducke (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) from South Brazil

Figs. 18–25. Rhophitulus species. (18–19) R. reticulatus female paratype, Caçapava do Sul (RS, Brazil): (18) Head in frontal view. (19) Body in dorsal view. (20–21) R.reticulatus male, Guarani das Missões (RS, Brazil): (20) Head in frontal view. (21). Body in lateral view. (22–23) R. malvacearum female paratype, Caçapava do Sul (RS, Brazil): (22) Head in frontal view. (23) Body in lateral view. (24–25) R. hamatus female paratype, Capão da Canoa (RS, Brazil): (24) Head in frontal view. (25) Body in lateral view. Scale bar for figures 18, 20, 22, 24 = 0.5 mm, figures 19, 21, 23, 25 = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 44–48 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURES 44–48. SEM micrographs of dorsal part of caudal annulet of abdominal segment 3 with cephalic annulet to the left, lateral view, showing close-ups of vestiture. 44. Dorsal part of caudal annulet, with top rectangle referring to figure 45, middle to figure 46, and lowest to figure 47. 45. Spicule. 46, 47. Different kinds of setae. 48. Spicule on cephalic annulet.

FIGURES 60–65 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURES 60–65. SEM micrographs of postdefecating larva of Trachusa larreae. 60. Head (with rear left parietal partly torn), dorsolateral view, viewed from somewhat in front. 61. Mouthparts, frontolateral view. 62. Salivary lips, showing parallel ridges of lower lip, frontolateral view. 63. Antenna, close-up. 64. Spiracle, abdominal segment 8. 65. Abdominal segment 3, dorsolateral view of caudal annulet showing flattened surface of middorsal tubercle.

FIGURES 3, 4 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURES 3, 4. Diagrammatic representation of first nest excavated with approximate dimensions of cell indicated. 3. Entire nest (with only one cell represented), lateral view, with scale (mm) on right referring to nest depth. 4. Radiating cell cluster, top view.

FIGURES 37–43 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURES 37–43. SEM micrographs of internal surface of cocoon of Trachusa larreae. 37. Front end showing filter of nipple surrounded by nonfenestrated cocoon fabric covering fine-grained anal discharge. 38. Close-up of rectangle in previous figure. 39. Front end of sidewall showing numerous fenestrations as well many areas without fenestrations. 40. Close-up of central rectangle in previous figure. 41. Close-up of part of left, partly shown rectangle in figure 39. 42. Rear end of sidewall showing texture of highly transparent rearmost area (at left) and gauzelike semitransparent anterior area (at right). 43. Close-up of rectangle in previous figure.

FIGURES 22–26 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURES 22–26. Microphotographs of fecal deposition of larval Trachusa larreae. 22. Cell with wall partly removed showing cocoon with fecal streaks partly covering fabric. 23. Front end of same cell with more wall removed, showing fecal pellet deposited behind cell closure. 24. Front end of cocoon with cell closure entirely removed as well as many fecal pellets to reveal nipple centered on front end. 25. Another view of nipple end; note trace of pale yellow discharge (arrow). 26. Close-up of rear of mature larva as it discharges pale, finegrained anal material.

FIGURES 5–10 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURES 5–10. Microphotographs of nests of first site. 5. Connected cell closures from first nest discovered, frontal view. 6. Five cells from second nest, with position of cells in cluster outlined, top view, single cells not positioned. 7. Front ends of cluster of three radiating cells from second nest, frontal view; note cell 4 still open. 8. Front end of cell, lateral view, showing pronounced projection of upper rim. 9. Close-up of broken edge of cell wall showing dark, highly reflective resin, imbedded, fractured pale small pebbles, and scattered plant fibers. 10. Cell closure, inner view.

FIGURES 20, 21 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURES 20, 21. Photographs of nest entrances at second site, with coins used to identify tumuli (arrows).

FIGURES 11–19 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURES 11–19. Microphotographs of immature stages of Trachusa larreae. 11. Egg lying on surface of provisions. 12. Egg inserted in provisions. 13. Probable second instar. 14. Probable third instar. 15. Fourth instar. 16. Early fifth instar, same individual as figure 15, photographed a day later. 17. Same individual as figure 15, photographed a day later, after reorienting, lying on side against provisions while feeding. 18. Live early fifth instar demonstrating middorsal body tubercles and body vestiture of stubble of short setae and long spicules, lateral view. 19. Same, except ventral view, demonstrating pronounced lateral abdominal lobes and absence of same on thorax.

FIGURES 34–36 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURES 34–36. Microphotographs of cocoon of Trachusa larreae. 34. Outer surface with front end removed, side view. 35. Inner surface, side view, showing reflective part of rear on left and fibrous part of midsection on right. 36. Inner surface of nipple end, showing outer ring of part of fibrous midsection surrounding smooth, nonfibrous fabric covering fine-grained anal discharge that in turn surrounds pale filter in center.

FIGURE 1. H.G.H in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURE 1. H.G.H. pointing to approximate position of first nest of Trachusa larreae discovered in area covered with blooming Eriogonum trichopes; note pollen plant Larrea tridentata to his right. FIGURE 2. First site of nests studied, with first two nests excavated in middle foreground and third nest in background being examined by H.G.H.

FIGURES 52, 53 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURES 52, 53. Diagrams of fifth instars, lateral view, without vestiture, to same scale (= 1.0 mm), showing pre- and postdefecating morphologies, respectively.

FIGURES 54–57 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURES 54–57. Microphotograph views of right mandible: 54. dorsal; 55. inner; 56. ventral; and 57. outer. FIGURES 58–59. Microphotographs of spiracles of cleared postdefecating larva: 58. side view; and 59. oblique outer view.

FIGURES 49–50. 49. SEM micrographs abdominal segment 8 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURES 49–50. 49. SEM micrographs abdominal segment 8, lateral view, showing spiracle above and lateral lobe with its vestiture. 50. Close-up of middle part of lateral lobe; note presence of elongate setiform spicule and setae of three morphologies. FIGURE 51. SEM micrograph of dorsolateral surface of prothorax of larva, viewed somewhat in front, with head (not visible) toward lower left, showing variety of vestiture.

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FIGURES 27–33 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

FIGURES 27–33. Microphotographs of two cells from which closure had been removed before defecation had started. 27. With the cell maintained in a vertical position in the laboratory during defecation, the larva still applied most feces to the anterior end of the cell resulting in this display. It demonstrates that the stimulus to the larva as to where to place feces is obviously not gravitational in nature and suggests that cell shape and/ or texture of the inside of the cell closure (despite the fact the closure had been removed earlier) might be the stimulus (as had been suggested by Cooper, 1957). 28. Same cell, 3 days later, larva now adding abundant silk forming base of nipple; note outer cocoon layer, layer of pale anal discharge, and thick base of nipple. 29. Same cell, 2 hr later, showing white silk of outer dome. 30. Same cell, one day later, dome of nipple now complete with color mostly changed. 31. Same, four day later, final coloring; note conspicuous display of finegrained, pale-yellow discharge surrounding nipple. 32. On another cell (cell opening misshaped) dome partly constructed, still white. 33. Same cell, 12 hr later, fibers now reddish.