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5 results for “ontogenetic niche shifts”
Data for: Does the evolution of ontogenetic niche shifts favor species coexistence? An empirical test in Trinidadian streams
<p>A major question in ecology is how often competing species evolve to reduce competitive interactions and facilitate coexistence. One untested route for a reduction in competitive interactions is through ontogenetic changes in the trophic niche of one or more of the interacting species. In such cases, theory predicts that two species can coexist if the weaker competitor changes its resource niche to a greater degree with increased body size than the superior competitor. We tested this prediction using stable isotopes that yield information about the trophic position (δ15N) and carbon source (δ13C) of two coexisting fish species: Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and killifish (Rivulus hartii). We examined fish from locations representing three natural community types: 1) where killifish and guppies live with predators; 2) where killifish and guppies live without predators; and 3) where killifish are the only fish species. We also examined killifish from communities in which we had introduced guppies, providing a temporal sequence of the community changes following the transition from a killifish only to a killifish-guppy community. We found that killifish, which are the weaker competitor, had a much larger ontogenetic niche shift in trophic position than guppies in the community where competition is most intense (killifish-guppy only). This result is consistent with theory for size-structured populations, which predicts that these results should lead to stable coexistence of the two species. Comparisons with other communities containing guppies, killifish and predators and ones where killifish live by themselves revealed that these results are caused primarily by a loss of ontogenetic niche changes in guppies, even though they are the stronger competitor. Comparisons of these natural communities with communities in which guppies were translocated into sites containing only killifish showed that the experimental communities were intermediate between the natural killifish-guppy community and the killifish-guppy-predator community, suggesting contemporary evolution in these ontogenetic trophic differences. These results provide comparative evidence for ontogenetic niche shifts in contributing to species coexistence and comparative and experimental evidence for evolutionary or plastic changes in ontogenetic niche shifts following the formation of new communities. </p>
Data for: Does the evolution of ontogenetic niche shifts favor species coexistence? An empirical test in Trinidadian streams
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A multivariate approach reveals diversity of ontogenetic niche shifts across taxonomic and functional groups
<p class="MsoBodyText">Shifts in the fundamental and realize niche of individuals during their ontogeny are ubiquitous in nature, but we know little about what aspects of the niche change and how these changes vary across species within communities. Yet, this knowledge is essential to predict the dynamics of populations and communities and how they respond to environmental change. Here I introduce a range of metrics to describe different aspects of shifts in the realized trophic niche of individuals based on stable isotopes. Applying this multi-variate approach to 2,272 individuals from 13 taxonomic and functional distinct species (Amphibia, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Odonata) sampled in natural pond communities allowed me to: (1) describe and quantify the diversity of trophic niche shift patterns over ontogeny in multi-dimensional space, and (2) identify what aspects of ontogenetic shifts vary across taxa, and functional groups. Results revealed that species can differ substantially in which aspects of the trophic niche change and how they change over ontogeny. Interestingly, patterns of ontogenetic niche shifts grouped in distinct taxonomic clusters in multi-variate space, including two distinct groups of predators (Hemiptera vs. Odonata). Given the differences in traits (especially feeding mode) across groups, this suggests that differences in ontogenetic niche shifts across species could at least partially be explained by variation in traits and functional roles of species. These results emphasize the importance of a multivariate approach to capture the large diversity of trophic niche shifts patterns possible in natural communities, and suggest that differences in ontogenetic niche shifts follow general patterns. Shifts in the fundamental and realize niche of individuals during their ontogeny are ubiquitous in nature, but we know little about what aspects of the niche change and how these changes vary across species within communities. Yet, this knowledge is essential to predict the dynamics of populations and communities and how they respond to environmental change.</p>
A multivariate approach reveals diversity of ontogenetic niche shifts across taxonomic and functional groups
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Data from: Long-term tracking captures the timing of ontogenetic niche shifts in Northeast Pacific white sharks
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