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30 results for “ontogenetic shift”
Figure 3 in Seasonal and ontogenetic diet shift of two sympatric cyprinid fish species from the temperate Karamenderes River, Çanakkale, Turkey
Figure 3. Relationship between prey specific abundance and the frequency of occurrence of the food categories in B. oligolepis (upper) and S. cii (lower) diets based on Costello's method. Bac: Bacillariophyceae, Cya: Cyanophyceae, Fun: fungi, Chl: Chlorophyceae, Ins: Insecta, Zyg: Zygnomophyceae, Oli: Oligochaeta, 1: Byrophyta, 2: Bryozoa, 3: Xantophyceae, 4: Amphipoda, 5: zooplankton.
Figure 5 in Seasonal and ontogenetic diet shift of two sympatric cyprinid fish species from the temperate Karamenderes River, Çanakkale, Turkey
Figure 5. The relationships between fish total body length (TL), gut content weight (GCW), and fish body weight (W) in S. cii. The full circles indicate GCW and the empty circles indicate W.
Figure 4 in Seasonal and ontogenetic diet shift of two sympatric cyprinid fish species from the temperate Karamenderes River, Çanakkale, Turkey
Figure 4. Percent abundance (gray columns) and frequency (white columns) of B. oligolepis (upper) and S. cii (lower) gut contents.
Figure 2 in Seasonal and ontogenetic diet shift of two sympatric cyprinid fish species from the temperate Karamenderes River, Çanakkale, Turkey
Figure 2. The relationships between the total lengths and the gut lengths of two species. Empty circles indicate Squalius cii and full circles indicate Barbus oligolepis.
Fig. 2 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids
Fig. 2. Correlation between the mean number of parasite taxa and mean length among the different size classes of Arctic charr and brown trout with a 95% confidence interval.
Fig. 1 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids
Fig. 1. Frequency of occurrence of prey categories in the diet of a) Arctic charr and b) brown trout throughout their ontogenesis. Prey categories not related to intestinal parasite transmission are excluded.
Fig. 4 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids
Fig. 4. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot on Bray-Curtis distances of a) Arctic charr and b) brown trout showing dissimilarity in parasite community composition between different size classes including 95% confidence intervals ellipses. NMDS converged on a three-dimensional solution with an acceptable stress level.
Fig. 7 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids
Fig. 7. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) performed on parasite abundances as a function of presence-absence of prey types and fish length in a) Arctic charr and b) brown trout (Cre. = Crepidostomum spp., Cya. = Cyatocephalus truncatus, Eub.s. = Eubothrium salvelini, Eub.c. = Eubothrium crassum, Pro. = Proteocephalus sp., Dib. = Dibothriocephalus spp.).
Fig. 5 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids
Fig. 5. Differences in parasite community composition between Arctic charr and brown trout using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot on Bray-Curtis distances, including 95% confidence interval ellipses. NMDS converged on a three-dimensional solution with an acceptable stress level.
Fig. 3 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids
Fig. 3. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Arctic charr (black) and brown trout (grey) throughout their ontogenesis with 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 1 in Ontogenetic Shifts In Carapace Patterning And/Or Colouration In Intertidal And Subtidal Brachyuran Crabs
Fig. 1. Taxonomic tree showing spread among superfamilies, families and sub-families among the species found to exhibit different carapace patterns between adults and juveniles. Species from Palma et al. (2003) are marked with an asterisk (*). Taxonomy and nomenclature follows Ng et al. (2008).
Data for: Does the evolution of ontogenetic niche shifts favor species coexistence? An empirical test in Trinidadian streams
<p>A major question in ecology is how often competing species evolve to reduce competitive interactions and facilitate coexistence. One untested route for a reduction in competitive interactions is through ontogenetic changes in the trophic niche of one or more of the interacting species. In such cases, theory predicts that two species can coexist if the weaker competitor changes its resource niche to a greater degree with increased body size than the superior competitor. We tested this prediction using stable isotopes that yield information about the trophic position (δ15N) and carbon source (δ13C) of two coexisting fish species: Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and killifish (Rivulus hartii). We examined fish from locations representing three natural community types: 1) where killifish and guppies live with predators; 2) where killifish and guppies live without predators; and 3) where killifish are the only fish species. We also examined killifish from communities in which we had introduced guppies, providing a temporal sequence of the community changes following the transition from a killifish only to a killifish-guppy community. We found that killifish, which are the weaker competitor, had a much larger ontogenetic niche shift in trophic position than guppies in the community where competition is most intense (killifish-guppy only). This result is consistent with theory for size-structured populations, which predicts that these results should lead to stable coexistence of the two species. Comparisons with other communities containing guppies, killifish and predators and ones where killifish live by themselves revealed that these results are caused primarily by a loss of ontogenetic niche changes in guppies, even though they are the stronger competitor. Comparisons of these natural communities with communities in which guppies were translocated into sites containing only killifish showed that the experimental communities were intermediate between the natural killifish-guppy community and the killifish-guppy-predator community, suggesting contemporary evolution in these ontogenetic trophic differences. These results provide comparative evidence for ontogenetic niche shifts in contributing to species coexistence and comparative and experimental evidence for evolutionary or plastic changes in ontogenetic niche shifts following the formation of new communities. </p>
Ecological shifts underlie parallels between ontogenetic and evolutionary allometries in parrotfishes
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Data for: Does the evolution of ontogenetic niche shifts favor species coexistence? An empirical test in Trinidadian streams
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Spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic patterns reveal ontogenetic shifts in ecological processes of plant community assembly
The analysis of spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic structure of plant communities provides insight into the underlying processes and interactions governing their assembly, and how these may change during plant ontogeny. We used point pattern analysis to find out if saplings and adult plants are surrounded by phylogenetically and phenotypically more similar or dissimilar neighbours than expected by chance, and whether these associations change from the sapling to the adult stage. To this end, we combined information on the phylogenetic structure and eight phenotypic traits of 15 woody plant species in two Mediterranean mixed forests of southeastern Spain. At the community level, we found that the sapling bank at both sites did not show phylogenetic or phenotypic spatial patterns, but adults showed phylogenetic clustering (i.e., heterospecific neighbours were more similar than expected). At the species level, we found frequently repulsive patterns in the sapling bank of less abundant species (i.e., heterospecific sapling or adult neighbours were more dissimilar than expected) in both, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses. For the adult stage, we found phylogenetic attraction (i.e., more similar neighbours) in just one species and phenotypic clustering in four species. The processes driving the assembly of the communities of saplings and adults leave detectable signals in the spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic structure of our two forest communities. Our findings reinforce the existence of ontogenetic shifts in the mechanisms involved in plant community assembly. Facilitation between phylogenetically distant and phenotypically divergent species favours the recruitment of less abundant species. However, processes acting later in the ontogeny ameliorate the competition between close relatives and determine the spatial structure of adult plants. Nevertheless, the role of phenotype in shaping adult-adult interactions was context- and trait-dependent. The use of spatial point pattern analysis allowed a nuanced interpretation of the phylogenetic and phenotypic structures of the plant community.
Figure 1 in Seasonal and ontogenetic diet shift of two sympatric cyprinid fish species from the temperate Karamenderes River, Çanakkale, Turkey
Figure 1. The Karamenderes River and sampling station.
A multivariate approach reveals diversity of ontogenetic niche shifts across taxonomic and functional groups
<p class="MsoBodyText">Shifts in the fundamental and realize niche of individuals during their ontogeny are ubiquitous in nature, but we know little about what aspects of the niche change and how these changes vary across species within communities. Yet, this knowledge is essential to predict the dynamics of populations and communities and how they respond to environmental change. Here I introduce a range of metrics to describe different aspects of shifts in the realized trophic niche of individuals based on stable isotopes. Applying this multi-variate approach to 2,272 individuals from 13 taxonomic and functional distinct species (Amphibia, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Odonata) sampled in natural pond communities allowed me to: (1) describe and quantify the diversity of trophic niche shift patterns over ontogeny in multi-dimensional space, and (2) identify what aspects of ontogenetic shifts vary across taxa, and functional groups. Results revealed that species can differ substantially in which aspects of the trophic niche change and how they change over ontogeny. Interestingly, patterns of ontogenetic niche shifts grouped in distinct taxonomic clusters in multi-variate space, including two distinct groups of predators (Hemiptera vs. Odonata). Given the differences in traits (especially feeding mode) across groups, this suggests that differences in ontogenetic niche shifts across species could at least partially be explained by variation in traits and functional roles of species. These results emphasize the importance of a multivariate approach to capture the large diversity of trophic niche shifts patterns possible in natural communities, and suggest that differences in ontogenetic niche shifts follow general patterns. Shifts in the fundamental and realize niche of individuals during their ontogeny are ubiquitous in nature, but we know little about what aspects of the niche change and how these changes vary across species within communities. Yet, this knowledge is essential to predict the dynamics of populations and communities and how they respond to environmental change.</p>
A multivariate approach reveals diversity of ontogenetic niche shifts across taxonomic and functional groups
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Data from: Long-term tracking captures the timing of ontogenetic niche shifts in Northeast Pacific white sharks
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Spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic patterns reveal ontogenetic shifts in ecological processes of plant community assembly
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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