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FIGURE 2. A. Alwyn H in Magnolia lozanoi (Magnolia subsect. Dugandiodendron, Magnoliaceae) rediscovered on Ecuadorian "tepuis" in Reserva Biológica El Quimi, Cordillera del Cóndor: critically endangered by open-pit mining

FIGURE 2. A. Alwyn H. Gentry (Clay Center, Kansas, 6 Jan 1945–Guayaquil, Ecuador, 3 Aug 3 1993), outstanding botanist who dedicated his life to the exploration, collection and study of tropical plants. Many species are named after him, including Magnolia gentryi Vázquez in Vázquez-García et al. (2012: 104), from Oxapampa, Peru. Several of his magnolia collections have been designated as types and have helped to understand this group of plants. Photograph by Robert Gradstein in 1991 in Parque Nacional Amboró, Bolivia. B. Gustavo Lozano-Contreras (Bogotá, 22 May 1938–Bogotá, 10 July 2000), a true scholar of the Colombian flora. Among the several groups of flowering plants that he studied, he devoted many years to the study of Neotropical Magnoliaceae. Photograph by Pedro Ruiz in 1976; reprinted with permission from Caldasia.

FIGURE 1. Magnolia lozanoi. A. Habit. B in Magnolia lozanoi (Magnolia subsect. Dugandiodendron, Magnoliaceae) rediscovered on Ecuadorian "tepuis" in Reserva Biológica El Quimi, Cordillera del Cóndor: critically endangered by open-pit mining

FIGURE 1. Magnolia lozanoi. A. Habit. B. Branch showing the underside of the leaves covered by a black mycelium. C. Flower in female phase. D. Flower in male phase. E. Leaf beetle (Chrysomelidae, Alticinae) foraging on the stamens and stigmas. F. Fruits. (A, B, C and F from Pérez et al. 11419, D from Pérez et al. 11421, E from Pérez et al. 11461, all QCA). Photographs by Álvaro J. Pérez.

FIGURE 4 in Magnolia lozanoi (Magnolia subsect. Dugandiodendron, Magnoliaceae) rediscovered on Ecuadorian "tepuis" in Reserva Biológica El Quimi, Cordillera del Cóndor: critically endangered by open-pit mining

FIGURE 4. Habitat of Magnolia lozanoi in the Cordillera del Cóndor, El Quimi Biological Reserve. A, B and C. Broad plateau of the Hollín sandstone formation, the so-called Andean "tepui". B and C. Open tepui-like bromeliad sward and elfin forest. A and B from the photographic archive of the Escuela Politécnica Nacional, RAP 1993. C by Álvaro J. Pérez.

FIGURE 3 in Magnolia lozanoi (Magnolia subsect. Dugandiodendron, Magnoliaceae) rediscovered on Ecuadorian "tepuis" in Reserva Biológica El Quimi, Cordillera del Cóndor: critically endangered by open-pit mining

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Magnolia lozanoi in the Cordillera del Cóndor, Morona-Santiago, southeastern Ecuador.

FIGURE 7 in Endophytic fungi associated with Coriaria nepalensis in an abandoned open-pit phosphate mine in Yunnan, P.R. China

FIGURE 7. Phylogram generated from Maximum Likelihood analysis based on a combined LSU, ITS, rpb2 and tub2 sequence datasets. The 71 strains are included in the combined gene analysis 2414 total character including gaps (LSU: 1–970 bp, ITS: 971–1476 bp, rpb2: 1477–2076 bp, tub2: 2077–2414 bp). Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The matrix had distinct alignment patterns, with the final ML optimization likelihood value of -10985.830126 (ln). All free model parameters were estimated by RAxML model, with 591 distinct alignment patterns and 9.91% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.239938, C = 0.243524, G = 0.275052, T = 0.241487, with substitution rates AC = 1.455735, AG = 5.319539, AT = 1.539293, CG = 1.013949, CT = 11.131040, GT = 1.000000. The gamma distribution shape parameter alpha = 0.665812 and the Tree-Length = 0.755110. The final average standard deviation of split frequencies at the end of total MCMC generations was calculated as 0.009112 in BI analysis. The species introduced in this study are indicated in red, and the type strains are indicated in bold. Bootstrap values greater than 60% (ML, Left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI, right) greater than 0.95 are given at the nodes. Hypens (-) represent values less than 60% in ML/0.95 in BI.

FIGURE 1 in Endophytic fungi associated with Coriaria nepalensis in an abandoned open-pit phosphate mine in Yunnan, P.R. China

FIGURE 1. Phylogram generated from Maximum Likelihood analysis based on a combined LSU, ITS, tef1-α and tub2 sequence datasets. The 22 strains are included in the combined gene analysis 2460 total character including gaps (LSU: 1–892 bp, ITS: 893–1580 bp, tef1-α: 1581–2065 bp, tub2: 2066–2598 bp). Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The matrix had distinct alignment patterns, with the final ML optimization likelihood value of -11028.098478 (ln). All free model parameters were estimated by RAxML model, with 982 distinct alignment patterns and 24.33% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.236385, C =0.275681, G = 0.277948, T = 0.209986, with substitution rates AC = 1.657800, AG = 2.641351, AT = 1.759057, CG = 1.214763, CT = 5.269496, GT = 1.000000. The gamma distribution shape parameter alpha = 0.662280 and the Tree-Length = 1.116951. The final average standard deviation of split frequencies at the end of total MCMC generations was calculated as 0.008871 in BI analysis. The species introduced in this study are indicated in red, and the type strains are indicated in bold. Bootstrap values greater than 60% (ML, Left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI, right) greater than 0.95 are given at the nodes. Hypens (-) represent values less than 60% in ML/0.95 in BI.

FIGURE 4 in Endophytic fungi associated with Coriaria nepalensis in an abandoned open-pit phosphate mine in Yunnan, P.R. China

FIGURE 4. Coniella quercicola (HKAS 129063). (a,e) Obverse and reverse of colonies on PDA; (b–d) Close up of the conidiomata on PDA; (f) Conidiomata; (g) Section of conidiomata; (h) Conidiophores bearing conidiogenous cells and conidia stained by congo red reagent; (i, j) Conidia.

FIGURE 6 in Endophytic fungi associated with Coriaria nepalensis in an abandoned open-pit phosphate mine in Yunnan, P.R. China

FIGURE 6. Chaetomium cochliodes (HKAS 129064). (a,e) Obverse and reverse of colonies on PDA; (b–d) Close up of the fruiting bodies on PDA; (f,g) Ascomata; (h) Asci; (i) Asci stained by the congo red reagents; (j, k) Setae; (l) Immature ascospores stained by congo red reagent; (m, n) Ascospores.

FIGURE 2 in Endophytic fungi associated with Coriaria nepalensis in an abandoned open-pit phosphate mine in Yunnan, P.R. China

FIGURE 2. Chrysofolia kunmingensis (HKAS 129065, holotype). (a,b) Obverse and reverse of colonies on PDA; (c,d) Close up of the fruiting bodies on PDA; (e) Mycelium; (f) Conidiomata; (g–j) Conidiogenous cells bearing conidia which stained by congo red reagent; (k) Conidia stained by congo red reagent.

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FIGURE 8 in Endophytic fungi associated with Coriaria nepalensis in an abandoned open-pit phosphate mine in Yunnan, P.R. China

FIGURE 8. Epicoccum nigrum (HKAS 129062). (a,b) Obverse and reverse of colony on PDA; (a–b) Close up of the fruiting bodies on PDA; (e,f) Conidiogenous cells bearing conidia; (g) Mycelium; (h–m) Conidia.

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FIGURE 5 in Endophytic fungi associated with Coriaria nepalensis in an abandoned open-pit phosphate mine in Yunnan, P.R. China

FIGURE 5. Phylogram generated from Maximum Likelihood analysis based on a combined LSU, ITS, rpb2 and tub2 sequence datasets. The 70 strains are included in the combined gene analysis 2460 total character including gaps (LSU: 1–590 bp, ITS: 591–1128 bp, rpb2: 1129–1730 bp, tub2: 1731–2460 bp). Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The matrix had distinct alignment patterns, with the final ML optimization likelihood value of -13768.250026 (ln). All free model parameters were estimated by RAxML model, with 828 distinct alignment patterns and 11.11% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.236385, C =0.275681, G = 0.277948, T = 0.209986, with substitution rates AC = 1.091927, AG = 4.082662, AT = 1.184028, CG = 1.265089, CT = 7.046047, GT = 1.000000. The gamma distribution shape parameter alpha = 0.760807 and the Tree-Length = 1.234745. The final average standard deviation of split frequencies at the end of total MCMC generations was calculated as 0.009913 in BI analysis. The species introduced in this study are indicated in red, and the type strains are indicated in bold. Bootstrap values greater than 60% (ML, Left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI, right) greater than 0.95 are given at the nodes. Hypens (-) represent values less than 60% in ML/0.95 in BI.

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FIGURE 3 in Endophytic fungi associated with Coriaria nepalensis in an abandoned open-pit phosphate mine in Yunnan, P.R. China

FIGURE 3. Phylogram generated from Maximum Likelihood analysis based on a combined LSU, ITS, rpb2 and tef1-α sequence datasets. The 49 strains are included in the combined gene analysis 2675 total character including gaps (LSU: 1–858 bp, ITS: 859–1493 bp, rpb2: 1494–2264 bp, tef1-α: 2265–2675 bp). Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The matrix had distinct alignment patterns, with the final ML optimization likelihood value of -17797.249759 (ln). All free model parameters were estimated by RAxML model, with 1009 distinct alignment patterns and 20.15% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.251880, C = 0.239731, G = 0.262605, T = 0.245784, with substitution rates AC = 1.333861, AG = 3.064614, AT = 1.306478, CG = 0.734024, CT = 6.282119, GT = 1.000000. The gamma distribution shape parameter alpha = 0.181243 and the Tree-Length = 2.594332. The final average standard deviation of split frequencies at the end of total MCMC generations was calculated as 0.009897 in BI analysis. The species introduced in this study are indicated in red, and the type strains are indicated in bold. Bootstrap values greater than 60% (ML, Left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI, right) greater than 0.95 are given at the nodes. Hypens (-) represent values less than 60% in ML/0.95 in BI.