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Dataset results
13 results for “opponency”
Microcystin-LR (one of the toxic congeners of microcystin) exposure causes crayfish to forget previous fight outcomes as well as previous opponents, MI, 2025
Harmful algal blooms are increasing across the globe as a function of nutrient run off and climate change. While the study of the mechanisms that underlie the blooms themselves are abundant, the impact of the toxins produced by blooms needs more research. Crayfish are keystone species in aquatic habitats and rely on chemoreception for many of their ecosystem functions. Crayfish were placed in a fight arena for measure both the outcome and dynamics aspects of agonistic encounters. Then the loser of the fights were exposed to either controls or microcystin for four days. Afterwards, the crayfish fought either another unfamiliar opponent or the previous opponent. The data contained in this package has the concentrations of microcystin exposure, morphological data on the crayfish, and then behavioral data from the two different fights. The behavioral data has two categories: time spent at different levels of intensity and time it took the crayfish pair to reach a certain intensity.
Red-green opponency in the long visual fibre photoreceptors of brushfoot butterflies (Nymphalidae)
<p>In many butterflies, the ancestral trichromatic insect colour vision, based on UV-, blue- and green-sensitive photoreceptors, is extended with red-sensitive cells. Physiological evidence for red receptors has been missing in Nymphalid butterflies, although some species can discriminate red hues well. In eight species from genera Archaeoprepona, Argynnis, Charaxes, Danaus, Melitaea, Morpho, Heliconius and Speyeria we found a novel class of green-sensitive photoreceptors that have hyperpolarising responses to stimulation with red light. These green-positive, red-negative (G+R–) cells are allocated to positions R1/2, normally occupied by UV and blue-sensitive cells. Spectral sensitivity, polarisation sensitivity and temporal dynamics suggest that the red opponent units (R–) are the basal photoreceptors R9, interacting with R1/2 in the same ommatidia via direct inhibitory synapses. We found the G+R– cells exclusively in butterflies with red-shining ommatidia containing longitudinal screening pigments. The implementation of the red colour channel with R9 is different from Pierid and Papilionid butterflies, where cells R5-8 are the red receptors. The Nymphalid red-green opponent channel and the potential for tetrachromacy seem to have been switched on several times during evolution, balancing between the cost of neural processing and the value of extended colour information.</p>
Red-green opponency in the long visual fibre photoreceptors of brushfoot butterflies (Nymphalidae)
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Data from: An opponent striatal circuit for distributional reinforcement learning
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Opponent processing in the retinal mosaic of nymphalid butterflies
<p class="MsoBodyText">The eyes of nymphalid butterflies, investigated with incident illumination, show colourful facet reflection patterns, the eye shine, which is uniform or heterogeneous, dependent on the species. Facet colours suggest that the ommatidia contain different sets of photoreceptors and screening pigments, but how the colours and the cell characteristics are associated has not been clearly established. Here we analyse the retinae of two nymphalids, <em>Apatura ilia</em>, which has a uniform eyeshine, and <em>Charaxes jasius, </em>a species with a heterogeneous eye shine, using single-cell recordings, spectroscopy and optical pupillometry. <em>Apatura</em> has UV, blue and green-sensitive photoreceptors, allocated into three ommatidial types. The UV and blue-sensitive cells are long visual fibres (LVFs), receiving opponent input from the green-sensitive short visual fibres (SVFs). <em>Charaxes</em> has an expanded set of photoreceptors, allocated into three additional, red-reflecting ommatidial types. All red ommatidia contain green-sensitive LVFs, receiving opponent input from red receptors. In both species, the SVFs do not receive any opponent input. The simple retina of <em>Apatura</em> with three ommatidial types and two different colour-opponent channels can support trichromatic vision. <em>Charaxes</em> has six ommatidial types and three different colour-opponent channels. Its expanded receptor set can support tetrachromatic vision.</p>
Data from: Cortico-striatal action control inherent of opponent cognitive-motivational styles
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Opponent processing in the retinal mosaic of nymphalid butterflies
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Data from: Asymmetric distribution of color-opponent response types across mouse visual cortex supports superior color vision in the sky
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Datasets associated with "A hypothalamic pathway that suppresses aggression towards superior opponents".
<p>Datasets associated with "A hypothalamic pathway that suppresses aggression towards superior opponents" published in Nature Neuroscience 2023. Each file is a compressed folder containing the raw data and MATLAB codes needed for generating the relevant figure (indicated in the name of the folder) in the paper. Additionally, all raw images shown in the paper are stored in the folder named "Representative histology images". </p>
Data for: Valence opponency in peripheral olfactory processing
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Data from: Intraspecific competition and inbreeding depression: increased competitive effort by inbred males is costly to outbred opponents
A recent theoretical model suggests that intraspecific competition is an important determinant of the severity of inbreeding depression. The reason for this is that intraspecific competition is density dependent, leading to a stronger negative effect on inbred individuals if they are weaker competitors than outbred ones. In support of this prediction, previous empirical work shows that inbred individuals are weaker competitors than outbred ones and that intraspecific competition often exacerbates inbreeding depression. Here, we report an experiment on the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, in which we recorded the outcome of competition over a small vertebrate carcass between an inbred or outbred male resident caring for a brood and a size-matched inbred or outbred male intruder. We found that inbred males were more successful as intruders in taking over a carcass from a male resident and were injured more frequently as either residents or intruders. Furthermore, inbred males gained less mass during the breeding attempt and had a shorter adult life span than outbred males. Finally, successful resident males reared a substantially smaller brood comprised of lighter larvae when the intruder was inbred than when it was outbred. Our results shows that inbred males increased their competitive effort, thus contradicting previous work suggesting that inbred males are weaker competitors. Furthermore, our results shows that inbred intruders impose a greater cost to resident males, suggesting that outbred individuals can suffer fitness costs as a result of competition with inbred ones.
Data from: Intraspecific competition and inbreeding depression: increased competitive effort by inbred males is costly to outbred opponents
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Data about "The individual training history shapes soccer players' ability to predict teammates' and opponents' moves"
<p>This repository contains the data related to the two experiments presented in the article: <em>"The individual training history shapes soccer players' ability to predict teammates' and opponents' moves."</em> In addition to the accuracy scores of individual players, data on the soccer experience of the participants are also provided. Finally, the videos used as stimuli in the experimental procedure are included. The videos depict a soccer player performing typical actions for different positions on the field, which are stopped before the completion of the movement.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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