Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
36
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.7.1
Dataset results
36 results for “opportunity for selection”
Female reproductive fluid increases the opportunities for post-mating sexual selection by prolonging egg fertilization window
<p>Female reproductive fluid, the fluid that surrounds the eggs, has attracted increasing attention for its role in fertilization and post-mating sexual selection through its effects on sperm traits. Surprisingly, however, only a few studies have investigated the effects of female reproductive fluid on the eggs. Yet, these effects might offer great potential to affect fertilization dynamics by, for example, increasing the opportunities for post-mating sexual selection. Here, we determined whether, by extending the egg fertilization window (time available for egg fertilization), the female reproductive fluid could also increase the opportunities for multiple paternity. Using the Zebrafish Danio rerio we first tested the prediction that female reproductive fluid increases the egg fertilization window, and then, using a split-brood design with sperm of two males added at different times after eggs activation, we tested whether the degree of multiple paternity varies in presence or absence of female reproductive fluid. Our results reveal the potential of the female reproductive fluid to increase multiple paternity throughout its effects on the egg fertilization window thus broadening our knowledge of the mechanisms females in externally fertilizing species affect post-mating sexual selection.</p>
The opportunity for selection: an important but slippery concept in ecology and evolution.
1. The concept of the opportunity for selection (<i>I</i>), measured as the variance in relative fitness, is over 60 years old, yet remains poorly understood by, or even unknown to, many ecologists and evolutionary biologists. This essay aims to clarify key conceptual and practical issues concerning use and estimation of I, which represents a theoretical upper limit on the rate of evolutionary adaptation. 2. The component of <i>I</i> caused by linear selection on a single trait is equal to the square of its standardised selection differential <i>i</i>. Even if no phenotypic selection occurs (<i>i</i>=0), however, realised <i>I</i> will typically be nonzero, owing to environmental or stochastic variation in fitness. 3. The opportunity for viability selection depends only on the mean survival rate, but selective mortality will typically account for only a small fraction of total mortality. 4. Fecundity selection is accompanied by expected overdispersion in reproductive success (variance > mean), but overdispersion can also occur for reasons unrelated to phenotype, or by chance. The estimated opportunity for fecundity selection can also vary independently of <i>i</i> if estimated mean reproductive success is affected by study design, e.g. offspring are counted at different life stages or a variable fraction are missed. 5. For these reasons, <i>I</i> alone should not be used to make inferences about selection in progress and its drivers. Nevertheless, some empirical studies have documented weak to moderate correlations between <i>I</i> and phenotypic selection, so variation in <i>I</i> or related metrics across ecological contexts might provide clues that unmeasured traits are under variable selection. 20-Oct-2022 --
Female reproductive fluid increases the opportunities for post-mating sexual selection by prolonging egg fertilization window
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The opportunity for selection: an important but slippery concept in ecology and evolution.
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: The repeatable opportunity for selection differs between pre- and post-copulatory fitness components
<p>In species with multiple mating, intense sexual selection may occur both before and after copulation. However, comparing the strength of pre- and postcopulatory selection is challenging, because i) postcopulatory processes are generally difficult to observe and ii) the often-used opportunity for selection (<i>I</i>) metric contains both deterministic and stochastic components. Here, we quantified pre- and postcopulatory male fitness components of the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm, <i>Macrostomum lignano</i>. We did this by tracking fluorescent sperm—using transgenics—through the transparent body of sperm recipients, enabling to observe postcopulatory processes <i>in vivo</i>. Moreover, we sequentially exposed focal worms to three independent mating groups, and in each assessed their mating success, sperm-transfer efficiency, sperm fertilising efficiency, and partner fecundity. Based on these multiple measures, we could, for each fitness component, combine the variance (<i>I</i>) with the repeatability (<i>R</i>) in individual success to assess the amount of repeatable variance in individual success—a measure we call the repeatable opportunity for selection (<i>I<sub>R</sub></i>). We found higher repeatable opportunity for selection in sperm-transfer efficiency and sperm fertilising efficiency compared to mating success, which clearly suggests that postcopulatory selection is stronger than precopulatory selection. Our study demonstrates that the opportunity for selection contains a repeatable deterministic component, which can be assessed and disentangled from the often large stochastic component, to provide a better estimate of the strength of selection.</p>
The repeatable opportunity for selection differs between pre- and postcopulatory fitness components
<p>Mating movies and sperm movies of the flatworm <em>Macrostomum lignano</em> supporting the article "The repeatable opportunity for selection differs between pre- and postcopulatory fitness components" published in Evolution Letters.</p>
Diet quality impairs male and female reproductive performance and affects the opportunity for selection in an insect model
<p><span>Environmental factors can have profound effects on the strength and direction of selection and recent studies suggest that such environment-dependent selection can be sex-specific. Sexual selection theory predicts that male fitness is more condition dependent compared to female fitness, suggesting that male fitness is more sensitive to environmental stress. However, our knowledge about the effect of environmental factors on sex-specific reproductive performance and on sex differences in the opportunity for selection is still very limited. In the present study, we investigated the sex-specific effects of diet quality (yeast deprivation and flour type) in the red flour beetle <em>Tribolium castaneum</em>. Specifically, we manipulated yeast supplementation in wheat and whole-wheat flour in competition assays allowing to test for sex-specific effects of food quality (i) on reproductive success and (ii) on the opportunity for selection. Our data show that yeast deprivation in wheat flour had significantly negative effects on body mass and reproductive success of both sexes, while high quality flour (whole-wheat flour) was able to buffer the negative impact to a large extent. Importantly, our data suggest no sex-specific effect of dietary stress on reproductive success because the magnitude of the negative effect of yeast deprivation was similar for males and females. Moreover, our study demonstrates that low food quality inflated the opportunity for selection and did not differ between sexes neither under benign nor stressful dietary conditions. We discuss the implications of our findings for the adaptation to stressful environments.</span></p>
Sexually concordant selection on floral traits despite greater opportunity for selection through male fitness
<p><span>Pollinators are important drivers of floral trait evolution, yet plant populations are not always perfectly adapted to their pollinators. Such apparent maladaptation may result from conflicting selection through male and female sexual functions in hermaphrodites. </span></p> <p><span>We studied sex-specific mating patterns and phenotypic selection on floral traits in <em>Aconitum gymnandrum</em>. After genotyping 1786 offspring, we partitioned individual fitness into sex-specific selfed and outcrossed components and estimated phenotypic selection acting through each.</span></p> <p><span>Relative fitness increased with increasing mate number, and more so for male function. This led to greater opportunity for selection through outcrossed male fitness, though patterns of phenotypic selection on floral traits tended to be similar, and with better support for selection through female rather than male fitness components. We detected directional selection through one or more fitness components for larger flower number, larger flowers, and more negative nectar gradients within inflorescences. </span></p> <p><span>Our results</span><span> are consistent with Bateman's principles for sex-specific mating patterns and illustrate that, despite the expected difference in opportunity for selection, patterns of variation in selection across traits can be rather similar for the male and female sexual functions. These results shed new light on the effect of sexual selection on the evolution of floral traits.</span></p>
Diet quality impairs male and female reproductive performance and affects the opportunity for selection in an insect model
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: The repeatable opportunity for selection differs between pre- and post-copulatory fitness components
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Sexually concordant selection on floral traits despite greater opportunity for selection through male fitness
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Raw fitness data (offspring number and weight), main dataset for manuscript: Female-specific resource limitation does not make the opportunity for selection more female biased
<p>The present dataset contains the entirety of the raw empirical data used in the manuscript entitled: "Female-specific resource limitation does not make the opportunity for selection more female biased". This data is composed of offspring count and weight, which represent proxys of fitness. Fitness was assessed for males and females independently, and across three different experimental treatments. These fitness measures are used to calculate the opportunity for selection, as the variance in realtive fitness. Detailed methods regarding data collection can be found in the main manuscript.</p>
Data from: Selection on signal-reward correlation: limits and opportunities to the evolution of deceit in Turnera ulmifolia L.
Because pollinators are unable to directly assess the amount of rewards offered by flowers, they rely on the information provided by advertising floral traits. Thus, having a lower intra-individual correlation between signal and reward (signal accuracy) than other plants in the population provides the opportunity to reduce investment in rewards and cheat pollinators. However, pollinators' cognitive capacities can impose a limit to the evolution of this plant cheating strategy if they can punish those plants with low signal accuracy. In this study we examined the opportunity for cheating in the perennial weed Turnera ulmifolia L. evaluating the selective value of signal accuracy, floral display and reward production in a natural population. We found that plant reproductive success was positively related to signal accuracy and floral display, but not to nectar production. The intensity of selection on floral display was more than three times higher than on signal accuracy. The pattern of selection indicated that pollinators can select for signal accuracy provided by plants, and suggest that learning abilities of pollinators can limit the evolution of deceptive strategies in T. ulmifolia.
Data from: Ecological segregation in a small mammal hybrid zone: habitat-specific mating opportunities and selection against hybrids restrict gene flow on a fine spatial scale
The degree to which closely related species interbreed is determined by a complex interaction of ecological, behavioral, and genetic factors. We examine the degree of interbreeding between two woodrat species, Neotoma bryanti and N. lepida, at a sharp ecological transition. We identify the ecological association of each genotypic class, assess the opportunity for mating between these groups, and test whether they have similar patterns of year-to-year persistence on our study site. We find that 13% of individuals have a hybrid signature but that the two parental populations and backcrosses are highly segregated by habitat type and use. Also, we find that adult hybrids are comparable to parental types in terms of year-to-year persistence on our site but that, among juveniles, significantly fewer hybrids reach adulthood on site compared to their purebred counterparts. Our analyses show that this hybrid zone is maintained by occasional nonassortative mating coupled with hybrid fertility, but that these factors are balanced by lower apparent survival of juvenile hybrids and habitat-based preference or selection that limits heterospecific mating while promoting backcrossing to habitat-specific genotypes. This system presents a novel example of the role that sharp resource gradients play in reproductive isolation and the potential for genetic introgression.
Operational sex ratio predicts the opportunity and direction of sexual selection across animals
<p>The operational sex ratio (OSR) has long been assumed to be a key ecological factor determining the opportunity and direction of sexual selection. However, recent theoretical work has challenged this view, arguing that a biased OSR does not necessarily result in greater monopolisation of mates and therefore stronger sexual selection in the mate-limited sex. Hence, the role of the OSR for shaping animal mating systems remains a conundrum in sexual selection research. Here we took a meta-analytic approach to test whether OSR explains interspecific variation in sexual selec- tion metrics across a broad range of animal taxa. Our results demonstrate that the OSR predicts the opportunity for sexual selection in males and the direction of sexual selection in terms of sex differences in both the opportunity for sexual selection and the Bateman gradient (i.e. the selection differential of mating success), as predicted by classic theory.</p>
Data from: Comparing measures of breeding inequality and opportunity for selection with sexual selection on a quantitative character in bighorn rams
The reliability and consistency of the many measures proposed to quantify sexual selection have been questioned for decades. Realized selection on quantitative characters measured by the selection differential i was approximated by metrics based on variance in breeding success, using either the opportunity for sexual selection Is or indices of inequality. There is no consensus about which metric best approximates realized selection on sexual characters. Recently, the opportunity for selection on character mean OSM was proposed to quantify the maximum potential selection on characters. Using 21 years of data on bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), we investigated the correlations between seven indices of inequality, Is, OSM and i on horn length of males. Bighorn sheep are ideal for this comparison because they are highly polygynous, sexually dimorphic, ram horn length is under strong sexual selection, and we have detailed knowledge of individual breeding success. Different metrics provided conflicting information, potentially leading to spurious conclusions about selection patterns. Iδ, an index of breeding inequality, and to a lesser extent Is, showed the highest correlation with i on horn length, suggesting that these indices document breeding inequality in a selection context. OSM on horn length was strongly correlated with i, Is, and indices of inequality. By integrating information on both realized sexual selection and breeding inequality, OSM appeared to be the best proxy of sexual selection and may be best suited to explore its ecological bases.
Data from: Genotype x environment interaction obscures genetic sources of variation in seed size in Dithyrea californica but provides the opportunity for selection on phenotypic plasticity
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Raw fitness data (offspring number and weight), main dataset for manuscript: Female-specific resource limitation does not make the opportunity for selection more female biased
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Selection on signal-reward correlation: limits and opportunities to the evolution of deceit in Turnera ulmifolia L.
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Ecological opportunity and sexual selection together predict adaptive radiation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.