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18 results for “organic amendment”
Flume Erosion Testing Data of Root-Permeated and Organic Matter Amended Soil Samples Using Three Streambank Boundary Conditions.
The data published here is expected to accompany one publicly available dissertation (Chapter 6 of dissertation) and one separate journal publication. Once published and available online, the metadata will be updated with the relevant article information. The journal article/dissertation will have additional information regarding the published datasets and the methods used to collect the data. All data collected from these studies, and the accompanying Acoustic Doppler Profiler MATLAB files, are presented here. Journal Article title: Artificial Roots and Soil Microorganisms Increase Soil Resistance to Fluvial Erosion
Data from: Shift of bacterial and fungal communities upon soil amelioration is driven by carbon degradability of organic amendments
<p>Microbial communities of bacteria and fungi have been analyzed in soil. Agricultural soil was amended with different organic amendments including straw, compost, biogas residues, and biochar, and incubated in the lab. After 6 months, DNA extracted from soil samples was analyzed via Illumia MiSeq DNA sequencing (16S V3V4 for bacteria, ITS1 for fungi) to evaluate changes to the microbial community structure.</p> <p>For details, please see the respective publication (DOI: 10.1007/s44378-024-00012-5).</p>
Data for removal kinetics and breakthrough curves of stormwater vehicle-related mobile organic contaminants in geomedia-amended sand columns [Dataset]
<p>This dataset describes the transport and removal of stormwater vehicle-related mobile organic contaminants in geomedia-amended sand columns. The experiments aimed at providing sustainable treatment options for relevant persistent, mobile and toxic (i.e., PMT substances) linked to vehicular traffic pollution. We assessed removal for 1H-benzotriazole, N'N-diphenylguanidine, and hexamethoxymethyl-melamine (PMT precursor) in batch and column experiments using pyrogenic carbonaceous adsorbents (e.g., GAC and biochar). Data contain kinetics batch experiments and breakthrough curves for the target contaminants.</p>
Flume Erosion Testing of Unamended and Organic Matter Amended Soil Samples Using an Acoustic Doppler Profiler, 2021
This data accompanies a publication titled "Soil Amended with Organic Matter Increases Fluvial Erosion Resistance of Cohesive Streambank Soil". Briefly, fluvial erosion testing was conducted on soil samples using an indoor flume channel. Soil samples were previously collected from the riparian zone of a river near Virginia Tech's campus in Blacksburg, VA, USA. The soil was subsequently air-dried and stored until use. Prior to erosion testing, soil samples were amended with varying amounts of organic matter (0%, 1%, and 4% OM by mass), compacted to a bulk density of 0.95 KilogramsPerCubicCentiMeters in growth containers, and allowed to mature in a greenhouse setting for 50 days prior to flume erosion testing. An Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP) was used to measure soil erosion and collect three-dimensional velocity data during erosion tests; raw velocity and soil depth data for each sample tested were stored in MATLAB files. Follow testing, the soil remaining from each sample was collected, stored, and analyzed for aggregate stability, soil organic matter (SOM), and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Additionally, soil temperature, water temperature, and volumetric water content were also measured prior to or during erosion testing. Data collected from this study, and the accompanying ADP MATLAB files, are presented here.
Figure 2 in Response of Rhizobacterial strains and organic amendments on chickpea growth
Figure 2. Soil organic matter as affected by Rhizobacterial strains. T: control. T: Enterobactor asburiae. T: Enterobacter mori. T: 1 2 3 4 rhizobiu ceceri. T5: Pesodomonas aeruginosa. T6: Pesodomonas putida.
Figure 1 in Response of Rhizobacterial strains and organic amendments on chickpea growth
Figure 1. Soil Nitrogen as affected by Rhizobacterial strains. T 1: control. T 2: Enterobactor asburiae. T 3: Enterobacter mori. T 4: rhizobiu ceceri. T 5: Pesodomonas aeruginosa. T: Pesodomonas putida.
Supplementing enhanced weathering with organic amendments accelerates the net climate benefit in rangeland soils
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Impact of cellulose-rich organic soil amendments on growth dynamics and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani
<p>Cellulose-rich amendments stimulate saprotrophic fungi in arable soils. This may increase competitive and antagonistic interactions with root-infecting pathogenic fungi, resulting in lower disease incidence. However, cellulose-rich amendments may also stimulate pathogenic fungi with saprotrophic abilities, thereby increasing plant disease severity. The current study explores these scenarios, with a focus on the pathogenic fungus <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>. Saprotrophic growth of <i>R. solani</i> on cellulose-rich materials was tested in vitro. This confirmed paper pulp as a highly suitable substrate for <i>R. solani</i>, whereas its performance on wood sawdusts varied with tree species. In two pot experiments, the effects of amendment of <i>R. solani</i>-infected soil with cellulose-rich materials on performance of beetroot seedlings were tested. All deciduous sawdusts and paper pulp stimulated soil fungal biomass, but only oak, elder and beech sawdusts reduced damping-off of beetroot. Oak sawdust amendment gave a consistent stimulation of saprotrophic Sordariomycetes fungi and of seedling performance, independently of the time between amendment and sowing. In contrast, paper pulp caused a short-term increase in <i>R. solani</i> abundance, coinciding with increased disease severity for beet seedlings sown immediately after amendment. However, damping-off of beetroot was reduced if plants were sown two or four weeks after paper pulp amendment. Cellulolytic bacteria, including <i>Cytophagaceae</i>, responded to paper pulp during the first two weeks and may have counteracted further spread of <i>R. solani</i>. The results showed that fungus-stimulating, cellulose-rich amendments have potential to be used for suppression of <i>R. solani</i>. However, such amendments require a careful consideration of material choice and application strategy.</p>
Biochemical methane potential tests amended with graphene oxide and organic micropollutants: Methane production
<p>The spreadsheet comprises measurements of methane production of biochemical methane potential (BMP) assays amended with graphene oxide and organic micropollutants.</p> <p>A total of six sheets are present.</p> <p>“DOE (VS)” contains the design of the experiment with the initial set-up value for the different conditions tested.</p> <p>“Stock solution” where the concentrations of the added contaminants are calculated.</p> <p>“Inoculum-substrate” stores the characterization of the inoculum and the substrate used (i.e., microcrystalline cellulose).</p> <p>“Final_Character” contains the characterization measurements carried out at the end of the experiment.</p> <p>“Data” envelops the periodic (mostly daily) measurements used to calculate methane production via a manometric procedure.</p> <p>“Calculation” has the final calculation reporting the specific methane production (SMP) for the different conditions.</p>
Synergism between production and soil health through crop diversification, organic amendments and crop protection in wheat-based systems
<ol> <li class="MsoNormal"><span>One of the critical challenges in agriculture is enhancing yield without compromising its foundation, a healthy environment, and, particularly, soils. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify management practices that simultaneously support soil health and production and help achieve environmentally sound production systems.</span></li> <li class="MsoNormal"><span>To investigate how management influences production and soil health under realistic agronomic conditions, we conducted an on-farm study involving 60 wheat fields managed conventionally, under no-till, or organically. We assessed 68 variables defining management, production, and soil health properties. We examined how management systems and individual practices describing crop diversification, fertiliser inputs, agrochemical use, and soil disturbance influenced production – quantity and quality – and soil health focusing on aspects ranging from soil organic matter over soil structure to microbial abundance and diversity.</span></li> <li class="MsoNormal"><span>Our on-farm comparison showed marked differences between soil health and production in the current system: organic management resulted in the best overall soil health (+ 47%) but the most significant yield gap (- 34%) compared to conventional management. No-till systems were generally intermediate, exhibiting a smaller yield gap (- 17%) and only a marginally improved level of soil health (+ 5%) compared to conventional management. Yet, the overlap between management systems in production and soil health properties was considerably large.</span></li> <li class="MsoNormal"><span>Our results further highlight the importance of soil health for productivity by revealing positive associations between crop yield and soil health properties, particularly under conventional management, whereas factors such as weed pressure were more dominant in organic systems.</span></li> <li class="MsoNormal"><span>None of the three systems showed advantages in supporting production-soil health-based multifunctionality. In contrast, a cross-system analysis suggests that multifunctional agroecosystems could be achieved through a combination of crop diversification and organic amendments with effective crop protection.</span></li> <li class="MsoNormal"><span><em>Synthesis and applications</em>: Our on-farm study implies that current trade-offs in managing production and soil health could be overcome through more balanced systems incorporating conventional and alternative approaches. Such multifunctionality supporting systems could unlock synergies between vital ecosystem services and help achieve productive yet environmentally sound agriculture supported by healthy soils.</span></li> </ol>
Synergism between production and soil health through crop diversification, organic amendments and crop protection in wheat-based systems
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The hidden potential of saprotrophic fungi in arable soil: Patterns of short-term stimulation by organic amendments
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Impact of cellulose-rich organic soil amendments on growth dynamics and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani
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Steering microbiomes by organic amendments towards climate-smart agricultural soils
<p>We steered the soil microbiome via applications of organic residues (mix of cover crop residues, sewage sludge + compost, and digestate + compost) to enhance multiple ecosystem services in line with climate-smart agriculture. Our result highlights the potential to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from agricultural soils by the application of specific organic amendments (especially digestate + compost). Unexpectedly, also the addition of mineral fertilizer in our mesocosms led to similar combined GHG emissions than one of the specific organic amendments. However, the application of organic amendments has the potential to increase soil C, which is not the case when using mineral fertilizer. While GHG emissions from cover crop residues were significantly higher compared to mineral fertilizer and the other organic amendments, crop growth was promoted. Furthermore, all organic amendments induced a shift in the diversity and abundances of key microbial groups. We show that organic amendments have the potential to not only lower GHG emissions by modifying the microbial community abundance and composition, but also favour crop growth-promoting microorganisms. This modulation of the microbial community by organic amendments bears the potential to turn soils into more climate-smart soils in comparison to the more conventional use of mineral fertilizers.</p>
Data from: Impacts of organic matter amendments on urban soil carbon and soil quality: A meta-analysis
<p>Organic matter amendment application is an important avenue of beneficial waste diversion and is used to improve soil quality in agricultural and urban settings. In urban regions, amendments are used to support local food production, maintain vegetation for landscaping and recreational use, and reclaim disturbed soils. Urban regions generate large quantities of wasted organic resources for potential application aiding in creating a circular nutrient economy. There is a growing interest in understanding the effects of amendments such as compost, biosolids, and biochar on soil properties in agricultural settings. Gaps remain, however, in assessing their effects in urban land uses. We conducted a literature review to assess the effects of compost, biochar, and biosolids on soil carbon and soil quality of urban soils managed for gardening, landscaping, recreation, and reclamation. Application of organic matter amendments led to an average increase of 3.6 units of soil organic matter% (SOM%). Compost and biochar improved SOM% the most, by 3.1 and 6.5 units of SOM%, respectively. Biosolids resulted in the smallest increase in SOM% but had greater nutrient benefits than other amendments. Parameters related to chemical and physical soil quality improved with the application of amendments. Gaps in the literature remain, such as assessing urban gardens, soil to depths greater than 30 cm, and the persistence of SOM in amended soils. This meta-analysis proposes that organic matter amendments are a powerful means to improve soil quality in urban regions, provide vital cobenefits to surrounding communities, and increase soil carbon storage.</p>
Steering microbiomes by organic amendments towards climate-smart agricultural soils
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Data from: Impacts of organic matter amendments on urban soil carbon and soil quality: A meta-analysis
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Figure 3 in Response of Rhizobacterial strains and organic amendments on chickpea growth
Figure 3. Soil phosphorus as affected by Rhizobacterial strains. T: control. T: Enterobactor asburiae. T: Enterobacter mori. T: rhizobiu 1 2 3 4 ceceri. T 5: Pesodomonas aeruginosa. T 6: Pesodomonas putida.
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