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34 results for “organic nutrients”
Soil organic carbon and nutrient dynamics in response to anaerobic digestate application to farm fields, Eastern Iowa, 2011-2023
This dataset documents a long-term, field-scale study of anaerobic digestate application on commercial croplands in eastern Iowa, USA. It includes detailed records of digestate composition, application rates, and timing, as well as soil test results collected over a 12-year period (2011–2023) from 14 agricultural fields. The dataset supports analysis of soil organic carbon (SOC), nutrient dynamics, and isotopic composition in response to digestate inputs. It contains 421 georeferenced soil samples, digestate nutrient profiles, field management histories, and spatial boundaries. The data were collected as part of a collaborative effort between researchers at Iowa State University and Sievers Family Farms to evaluate the agronomic and environmental implications of integrating anaerobic digestion into row crop and livestock systems.
Crab Burrows, Soil Nutrients, and Spartina alterniflora : organic content in Brownsville, VA 1992
The effect of Crab Burrows on Soil Nutrients and Spartina alterniflora by Winli Lin This study investigated the effects of fiddler crab (Uca pugnax) burrows on soil nutrients and the marsh grass Spartina alterniflora. Tall-form Spartina alterniflora (1-2m tall) typically dominates the marsh area that is flooded daily by tides. The short-form S. alterniflora(<0.5m tall) generally occupies the higher tidal heights (Bertness 1985). These short-form S. alterniflora are charterized by reduced soil drainage (Mendelssohn and Senecs 1980; Howes et al. 1981; Mendelssohn et al. 1981) and increased soil sulfide levels (King et al. 1982). From comparing control areas devoid of burrrows to those with burrows added, an increase in above-ground Spartina alterniflora production has been observed along with an increase of soil drainage rates and redox potential levels (Bertness 1985). Others have looked at how nutrient availability (Mendelssohn 1979) and sulfide accumulation (King et al. 1982; Howarth and Giblin 1983) may be the primary limiting factors controlling the production and success of S. alterniflora. While soil water movement has been shown to influence the soil parameters, (i.e., sulfide concentration and redox potential) that directly affect cordgrass production (King et al. 1982; Koch et al. 1990), little has been studied on how biotic modifications, such as crab burrows, mediate these physical factors. The Uca pugnax, are burrowing deposit-feeders that excavate and maintain semi-permanent burrows in the marsh surface. They have been found to not only oxygenate marsh soils (Howes et al 1981) and modify sediment meiofaunal abundance, they could also provide a suitable environment for continued burrowing and, as a byproduct, increase the marsh grass production and maintain the tall-form S. alterniflora. Uca pugnax, the mud fiddler crab, is the dominant form of crab seen in Brownsville, VA. Their burrows are primarily restricted to areas of tall-form S. alterniflora, due
Water-soluble organic matter and nutrients from stormwater control measure and urban wetland soils
Water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) represents organic matter that has the potential to be readily released from soils. WSOM has been understudied in urban, engineered soils relative to natural soils. To understand the potential for organic matter and nutrient release, we extracted WSOM from the soils of stormwater control measures (SCM) and urban wetlands. In February 2022, we sampled soils from 20 SCMs and natural wetlands in the Rappahannock River watershed of the mid-Atlantic United States. The SCMs reflected a variety of design configurations including bioretention, rain gardens, wet ponds, and swales. We also sampled naturally occurring floodplain wetlands that are located in this urban watershed. Soils were sampled to a depth of approximately 40 cm. If there was standing water present in the SCMs and wetlands at the time of sampling, we also collected surface water samples. If present, grab samples of leaf litter or biomass were collected. Soil characteristics, such as pH, bulk density, soil moisture, soil organic matter, and cation exchange capacity were also determined for each site. WSOM was extracted from soils and biomass in the laboratory and analyzed for organic matter concentration (dissolved organic carbon) and composition (absorbance and fluorescence metrics), along with dissolved nutrient concentrations (total dissolved nitrogen, total dissolved phosphorus, nitrate, ammonium, and orthophosphate). In addition to the 20 sites in the Rappahannock watershed, soils from 2 additional bioretention SCMs on the Virginia Tech campus were sampled on a monthly basis from February 2022 to February 2023 to explore temporal variability in WSOM. To characterize changes in soil hydrologic conditions during monthly SCM sampling, we applied a Thornthwaite-type monthly water balance model. Finally, we performed a simple scaling exercise to WSOM results based on SCM area, sample depth, and soil bulk density to estimate potential SCM contributions of organic matter.
Porewater nutrients, dissolved organics, redox species, and gasses in estuarine intertidal sediments at sites on Sapelo Island and near the Satilla River from Fall 2000 through Fall 2002
Seasonal patterns of estuarine creek-bank sediment porewater nutrients, dissolved organics, redox species and gasses were investigated at several sites on Sapelo Island and the Satilla River in coastal Georgia. Porewater ammonium, nitrate+nitrite, phosphate, silica, dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, reduced iron and manganese, chloride, sulfate, hydrogen sulfide, pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, methane and nitrogen gas were measured at centimeter scale resolution depth profiles with the use of porewater equilibration meters. Several relatively pristine sites on Sapelo Island (Moses Hammock, Dean Creek and Marine Institute), a site slightly impacted by development (White Oak Creek) and a presumably heavily impacted site (Dover Bluff) show different levels and patterns of several porewater constituents.
Nutrient and microbial characteristics of mountain stream fine benthic organic matter in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, 1995 to 1996
Numerous studies have examined qualitative shifts in leaf litter composition in the early to middle stages of decomposition. (Suberkropp, Godshalk and Klug 1976, Petersen and Cummins 1974, Findlay and Arsuffi 1989) which have shown that changes in leaf species and composition lead to marked differences in microbial processing rates (Suberkropp and Klug 1976) and that leaf and woody debris decomposition rates are related to both litter C:N and extracellular enzyme activities (Taylor et al. 1989, Sinsabaugh et al. 1992, Sinsabaugh and Linkins 1993). Since most organic matter moves through streams as fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) (Sinsabaugh et al. 1992) it is a potentially important link between terrestrial and aquatic environments. Although there is increasing interest in understanding FPOM dynamics, there have been few studies of factors influencing stream sediment FBOM chemical or microbial characteristics.
Soil aggregate size distribution and particulate organic matter content from Arctic LTER moist acidic tundra nutrient addition plots, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, sampled July 2011.
Soil aggregate size distribution, aggregate carbon and nitrogen, and light fraction carbon were determined for mineral soils in moist acidic tundra. Soil was sampled in control, and N+P plots of the Arctic LTER Moist Acidic Tundra plots established in 1989 and 2006.
Effects of nutrients and organic carbon on the relative proportion of primary producers (microalgae) and heterotrophic decomposers (bacteria and fungi) during aquatic biofilm development in boreal peatland located near Fairbanks Alaska - 2018
1. Producer-decomposer interactions within aquatic biofilms can range from mutualistic associations to competition depending on available resources. The outcomes of such interactions have implications for biogeochemical cycling, and as such, may be especially important in northern peatlands, which are a global carbon sink and are expected to experience changes in resource availability with climate change. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nutrients and organic carbon on the relative proportion of primary producers (microalgae) and heterotrophic decomposers (bacteria and fungi) during aquatic biofilm development in a boreal peatland. Given that decomposers are often better competitors for nutrients than primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, we predicted that labile carbon subsidies would shift the biofilm composition towards heterotrophy owing to the ability of decomposers to outcompete primary producers for available nutrients in the absence of carbon limitation. 2. We manipulated nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) and organic carbon (glucose) in a full factorial design using nutrient-diffusing substrates in an Alaskan fen. 3. Heterotrophic bacteria were limited by organic carbon and algae were limited by inorganic nutrients. However, the outcomes of competitive interactions depended on background nutrient levels. Heterotrophic bacteria were able to outcompete algae for available nutrients when organic carbon was elevated and nutrient levels remained low, but not when organic carbon and nutrients were both elevated through enrichment. 4. Fungal biomass was significantly lower in the presence of glucose alone, possibly owing to antagonistic interactions with heterotrophic bacteria. In contrast to bacteria, fungi were stimulated along with algae following nutrient enrichment. 5. The decoupling of algae and heterotrophic bacteria in the presence of glucose alone shifted the biofilm trophic status towards heterotrophy. This effect was overturned
Consumer biodiversity increases organic nutrient availability across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
<p>Human land-use intensification threatens arthropod (e.g., insect and spider) biodiversity across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Insects and spiders play critical roles in ecosystems by accumulating and synthesizing organic nutrients like polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, links between biodiversity and nutrient content of insect and spider communities have yet to be quantified. We relate insect and spider richness to biomass and PUFA-mass from stream and terrestrial communities encompassing nine land-uses. PUFA-mass and biomass relate positively to biodiversity cross ecosystems. In terrestrial systems, human-dominated areas have lower biomass and PUFA-mass than more natural areas, even at equivalent levels of richness. Aquatic ecosystems have consistently higher PUFA mass than terrestrial ecosystems. Our findings reinforce the importance of conserving biodiversity and highlight unique benefits of aquatic biodiversity.<br><br>This is all of the data and code required to reproduce the analyses. The repository doesn't allow specific folder structures, but the data should ideally be organized into folders organized and named as follows -</p> <p> 1_raw_data/<br>├─ bdm_data/<br>│ ├─ bdm_families_list.csv<br>├─ pufa_concentration_data/<br>│ ├─ Literature_estimates/<br>│ │ ├─ Literature_estimates.xlsx<br>│ ├─ Margaux_PUFA_Conc/<br>│ │ ├─ 2a.Lunz 2019_FA_InsectTransfer - Content.xlsx<br>│ │ ├─ 3a.Lunz 2019_FA_InsectConsu - Content.xlsx<br>│ ├─ Martin_Creuzberg_PUFA_Conc/<br>│ │ ├─ all_STOTEN.xlsx<br>│ ├─ Tarn_PUFA/<br>│ │ ├─ Mindelsee_FA.xlsx<br>├─ wsl_data/<br>2_modified_data/<br>├─ terr_insects_nutrients_null.rds<br>├─ aq_insect_nutrients_null.rds<br>├─ aquatic.data.rds<br>├─ terrestrial_data.rds<br>├─ insect_data/<br>│ ├─ aq_insect_regressions.rds<br>│ ├─ te_insect_regressions.rds<br>├─ null_models/<br>│ ├─ aquatic_habitat_all.rds<br>│ ├─ terrestrial_habitat_all.rds<br>3_r_scripts/<br>├─ Diversity_Analaysis.rmd<br>├─ Null_models.rmd<br>├─ Nutrient_content.rmd<br>├─ Scaling_relationships.rmd<br> </p> <p> </p>
Interior Alaska managed sites: soil organic layer and mineral soil nutrient concentrations and additional characteristics measured one time in either summer 2012 or 2013
This dataset contains soil organic layer and mineral soil depth, C and N concentrations, and other soil characteristics collected at all managed and adjacent unmanaged study sites.
Plant and soil organic matter responses to ten years of nutrient enrichment in the Nutrient Network:Nutrient Network. A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Organic and Inorganic Nutrients in the North Pacific from the 2017 cruise MGL1704 (Gradients 2)
<p>Data on organic and inorganic nutrients in unfiltered seawater that was sampled aboard the Gradients 2 cruise (MGL1704) in 2017 along a transect from Hawaii to 42 degrees north along a longitude of 158 degrees west. Seawater was collected into HDPE or polypropylene bottles and immediately frozen. Silicate, phosphate and nitrate+nitrite are determined colormetrically on a SEAL Analytical Autoanalyzer (AA3 with HR detectors), with the exception of nitrate+nitrite that is <0.5umol/L, which is analyzed by chemiluminescence. Total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) are determined by analysis of phosphate and nitrate, respectively, after oxidation by high-intensity ultraviolet light. Total organic phosphorus and total organic nitrogen are determined by subtracting background PO4 and NO3+NO2 from TP and TN, respectively. Total organic carbon is determined by combustion on a Shimadzu TOC-V analyzer.</p>
Data from: Organic matter and nutrient inputs from large wildlife influence ecosystem function in the Mara River, Africa
Animals can be important vectors for the movement of resources across ecosystem boundaries. Animals add resources to ecosystems primarily through egestion, excretion and carcasses, and the stoichiometry and bioavailability of these inputs likely interacts with characteristics of the recipient ecosystem to determine their effects on ecosystem function. We studied the influence of hippopotamus excretion/egestion and wildebeest carcasses, and their interactions with discharge, in the Mara River, Kenya. We measured nutrient dissolution and decomposition rates of wildlife inputs, the influence of inputs on nutrient concentrations and nutrient limitation in the river and the influence of inputs on biofilm growth and function in both experimental streams and along a gradient of inputs in the river. We found that hippopotamus excretion/egestion increase ammonium and coarse particulate organic matter in the river, and wildebeest carcasses increase ammonium, soluble reactive phosphorus, and total phosphorus. Concentrations of dissolved carbon and nutrients in the water column increased along a gradient of wildlife inputs and during low discharge, although concentrations of particulate carbon decreased during low discharge due to deposition on the river bottom. Autotrophs were nitrogen-limited, and heterotrophs were carbon-limited and nitrogen- and phosphorus- co-limited, upstream of animal inputs, but there was no nutrient limitation downstream of inputs. In experimental streams, hippo and wildebeest inputs together increased biofilm GPP and R. These results differed in the river, where low concentrations of hippo inputs increased gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R) of biofilms, but high concentrations of hippo inputs in conjunction with wildebeest inputs decreased GPP. Our research shows that inputs from large wildlife alleviate nutrient limitation and stimulate ecosystem metabolism in the Mara River, and that the extent to which these inputs subsidize the ecosystem is mediated by the quantity and quality of inputs and discharge of the river ecosystem. Thus, animal inputs provide an important ecological subsidy to this river, and animal inputs were likely important in many other rivers prior to the widespread extirpation of large wildlife.
Data from: Animal-mediated organic matter transformation: aquatic insects as a source of microbially bioavailable organic nutrients and energy
1. Animal communities are essential drivers of energy and elemental flow in ecosystems. However, few studies have investigated the functional role of animals as sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the subsequent utilization of that DOM by the microbial community. 2. In a small forested headwater stream, we tested the effects of taxonomy, feeding traits, and body size on the quality and quantity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) excreted by aquatic insects. In addition, we conducted steady-state solute additions to estimate instream demand for labile C and compared it to the C excreted by invertebrates. 3. Individual excretion rates and excretion composition varied with body size, taxonomy, and feeding guild. The estimated average community excretion rate was 1.31 μg DOC· per mg insect dry weight (DW)-1·h-1 and 0.33 μg DON·mg DW-1·h-1 and individuals excreted DON at nearly twice the rate of 〖"NH" 〗_"4" ^"+" . This DOM was 2-5 times more bioavailable to microbial heterotrophs than ambient stream water DOM. 4. We estimated that the insect community, conservatively, excreted 1.62 mg of bioavailable DOC·m-2·h-1 and through steady-state additions measured an ambient labile C demand as 3.97±0.67 mg C·m-2·h-1. This suggests that insect-mediated transformation and excretion of labile DOC could satisfy a significant fraction (40±7%) of labile C demand in this small stream. 5. Collectively, our results suggest that animal excretion plays an essential functional role in transforming organic matter into microbially bioavailable forms and may satisfy a variable but significant portion of microbial demand for labile C and N.
Data and Code for Atmospheric oxygen abundance, marine nutrient availability, and organic carbon fluxes to the seafloor
<p>Code and Data for manuscript "<strong>Atmospheric oxygen abundance, marine nutrient availability, and organic carbon fluxes to the seafloor"</strong></p>
Gradients 3 KM1906 Organic and Inorganic Nutrients
<p>"This dataset is from the Gradients 3 cruise (KM1906) conducted April 10- April 29, 2019 in the North Pacific Ocean. CTD/rosette profiles were taken down to 1000 meters and samples were collected from niskin bottles attached to the CTD." "All organic and inorganic nutrients are analyzed in unfiltered seawater that was sampled aboard into HDPE or polypropylene bottles and immediately frozen. Silicate, phosphate and nitrate+nitrite are determined colormetrically on a SEAL Analytical Autoanalyzer (AA3 with HR detectors), with the exception of nitrate+nitrite that is <0.5umol/L, which is analyzed by chemiluminescence. Total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) are determined by analysis of phosphate and nitrate, respectively, after oxidation by high-intensity ultraviolet light. Total organic phosphorus and total organic nitrogen are determined by subtracting background PO4 and NO3+NO2 from TP and TN, respectively. Total organic carbon is determined by combustion on a Shimadzu TOC-V analyzer."</p> <p>This description was reproduced using the following sources:</p> <p>https://simonscmap.com/catalog/datasets/KM1906_Gradients3</p> <p>https://simonscmap.com/catalog/datasets/MGL1704_Gradients2_Nutrients</p>
Data from: The fat body cortical actin network regulates Drosophila inter-organ nutrient trafficking, signaling, and adipocyte cell size
<p>Defective nutrient storage and adipocyte enlargement (hypertrophy) are emerging features of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. How the cytoskeletal network contributes to nutrient uptake, fat storage, and adipocyte size remains poorly understood. Utilizing the <em>Drosophila</em> larval fat body (FB) as a model adipose tissue, we show that a specific actin isoform—Act5C—forms the cortical actin network necessary for inter-organ lipid trafficking. Act5C also promotes FB tissue expansion during larval development so larvae can store sufficient biomass for metamorphosis. We find FB-specific loss of Act5C, but not other <em>Drosophila</em> actins, perturbs FB triglyceride (TG) storage in lipid droplets (LDs), resulting in developmentally delayed larvae that fail to develop into flies. Act5C localizes to the FB cell surface where it intimately contacts peripheral LDs (pLDs), forming a cortical actin network together with spectrins for cell architectural support. While both the cortical actin and spectrin cytoskeletons maintain FB cell surface architecture, we find that only the actin network is required for fat storage. Mechanistically, we show that FBs lacking the Act5C cortical cytoskeleton exhibit a block in lipoprotein (Lpp) secretion from FB cells, and a subsequent disruption of gut:FB inter-organ lipid transport, resulting in mid-gut fat accumulation. Utilizing temporal RNAi-depletion approaches, we also reveal that Act5C is indispensable post-embryogenesis during larval feeding to promote FB cell expansion. Act5C-deficient FBs fail to expand cell sizes, leading to lipodystrophic larvae unable to accrue sufficient biomass for metamorphosis. Collectively, we propose that the Act5C-mediated cortical actin network of <em>Drosophila</em> adipose tissue plays an essential role in post-embryonic inter-organ nutrient transport and FB cell size determination for organismal energy homeostasis and development.</p>
Soil microbial community, dissolved organic matter and nutrient cycling interactions change along an elevation gradient in subtropical China
<p>This table contains data on soil dissolved organic matter at different elevations in Wuyi Mountain, China, which is attached to the manuscript submitted to Journal of Environmental Management (Manuscript ID:JEMA-D-23-01912). </p>
Gradients 4 - TN397 - Inorganic and Organic Nutrients and Particulates
<p>These Simons Collaboration on Ocean Processes and Ecology (SCOPE) data products were produced by the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa with support from the Simons Foundation.</p> <p>This dataset was collected on the R/V Thompson during the Gradients 4 cruise which departed from San Diego, CA and ended in Honolulu, HI. A transect was performed on the 140 degree longitude line from roughly 16 degrees N to 4 degrees S before heading to Honolulu. All organic and inorganic nutrients are analyzed in unflitered seawater that is sampled aboard from the CTD rosette into HDPE or polypropylene bottles and immediately frozen. Silicate, phosphate and nitrate+nitrite are determined colormetrically on a SEAL Analytical Autoanalyzer (AA3 with HR detectors), with the exception of nitrate+nitrite that is <0.5umol/L, which is analyzed by chemiluminescence. Total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) are determined by analysis of phosphate and nitrate, respectively, after oxidation by high-intensity ultraviolet light. Dissolved organic phosphorus and dissolved organic nitrogen are determined by subtracting background PO4 and NO3+NO2+NH4 from TDP and TDN, respectively. Note, because samples are not filtered particulates may comprise a minor portion of totals. Time is in UTC. Details on the methods for particulates (PC, PN, PP, PATP) are available at: https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/methods/results.html.</p>
Data from: The fat body cortical actin network regulates Drosophila inter-organ nutrient trafficking, signaling, and adipocyte cell size
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Data from: Organic matter and nutrient inputs from large wildlife influence ecosystem function in the Mara River, Africa
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