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FIGURE 2. Ovalidota milleri new genus, new species. A. Wheel ossicle, somewhat corroded. B in Ovalidota milleri, a new genus and species of bathyal sea cucumber from the Caribbean Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida)
FIGURE 2. Ovalidota milleri new genus, new species. A. Wheel ossicle, somewhat corroded. B. Scanning electrom microscope image of portion of corroded wheel ossicle, showing remains of teeth on inner margin of rim. C. Photograph of portion of corroded wheel ossicle. Note evidence of teeth where spokes meet the wheel rim.
Quantitative results of the analysis of novel ossicle particles used in mandible bone regeneration
<p>Dataset corresponding to the results of the characterization analysis of novel holothurian ossicle biomaterials. These biomaterials were evaluated at three levels:</p> <p>1) Ex vivo analysis to determine thr potential cytotoxic effects of these biomaterials on human fibroblasts using LIVE/DEAD and quantification of DNA released to the medium.</p> <p>2) In vivo analysis to determine the potential systemic effects of these biomaterials grafted subcutaneously in laboratory rats.</p> <p>3) Histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis to determine the potential effects of these biomaterials on mandible bone regeneration.</p> <p>These results correspond to the publication entitled "<span>EVALUATION OF HOLOTHURIAN OSSICLES AS A BIOLOGICAL BIOMATERIAL FOR MANDIBULAR BONE REGENERATION</span>".</p>
FIG. 7 in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy
FIG. 7. — Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the orals (A, B), 1st ambulacrals (C, D), odontophores (E-F), ambulacrals (G-L), and adambulacrals (M-O) of Benthogenia mahi n. sp., specimen MNHN-IE-2013-2199: A, oral in adradial view; B, oral in abradial view; C, 1st ambulacral in adradial view; D, 1st ambulacral in abradial view; E, odontophore in actinal view; F, odontophore in abactinal view; G, second ambulacral in adradial view; H, third ambulacral in abradial view; I, K, ambulacrals in abradial view; J, ambulacral in abradial view; L, ambulacral in abactinal view; M, adambulacral in abactinal view; N, O, adambulacrals in actinal view. Colored areas indicate the presence of a differentiated stereom. See Table 2 for abbreviations. Proximal direction to the left, actinal direction to the bottom except for M-O, adradial direction to the top. Scale bars: A-I, M-O, 2 mm; J-L, 1 mm.
FIG. 6. — Benthogenia mahi n in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy
FIG. 6. — Benthogenia mahi n. sp. in abactinal (A, C, E) and actinal view (B, D, F): A, B, holotype MNHN-IE-2013-2216; C, D, MNHN-IE-2007-1580; E, F, MNHN-IE-2019-3879. Scale bars: 5 cm.
FIG. 4 in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy
FIG. 4. — Ambulacral furrow and distal part of the arm of Benthogenia cribellosa Fisher, 1911 MNHN-IE-2019-3848 (A, C, E) and Benthogenia mahi n. sp. MNHN-IE-2019-3879 (B, D, F): A, B, proximal part of the ambulacral furrow; C, D, distal part of the ambulacral furrow; E, F, distal view of the arm showing terminal ossicle. Abbreviations: adamb, adambulacral; amb, ambulacral; fur sp, furrow spines; im, inferomarginals; im sp, inferomarginal spines; sm, superomarginals; sm sp, superomarginal spines. Scale bars: 5 mm.
FIG. 8 in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy
FIG. 8. — Arm sections of Benthogenia mahi n. sp. holotype MNHN-IE-2013-2216 (A) and Hyphalaster inermis Sladen, 1883 USNM 1018661 (B). Red bars show the width (W) of and the height (H) of the superomarginals. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 3 in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy
FIG. 3. — Marginals and arms in abactinal view of Benthogenia cribellosa Fisher, 1911 (A, C, E) and Benthogenia mahi n. sp. (B, D, F): A, holotype USNM 28655; B, holotype MNHN-IE-2013-2216; C, E, MNHN-IE-2019-3848; D, F, MNHN-IE-2019-3879. Abbreviations: im, inferomarginals; pax, paxillae; sm, superomarginals. Scale bars: 5 mm.
FIG. 1 in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy
FIG. 1. — Benthogenia cribellosa Fisher, 1911 in abactinal (A, C, E) and actinal view (B, D, F): A, B, holotype USNM 28655; C, D, MNHN-IE-2007-1828; E, F, MNHN-IE-2019-3848. Scale bars: 5 cm.
FIG. 2 in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy
FIG. 2. — Cribriform organs on the marginals of the disc: A, B, Benthogenia cribellosa Fisher, 1911 MNHN-IE-2019-3848; C, D, Benthogenia mahi n. sp. MNHN-IE-2019-3879. Abbreviations: im, inferomarginals; sm, superomarginals. Scale bars: A, C, 1 cm; B, D, 5 mm.
FIG. 5 in Revision of the genus Benthogenia Fisher, 1911 (Asteroidea, Echinodermata), with description of a new species and ossicle anatomy
FIG. 5. — Oral frame of Benthogenia cribellosa Fisher, 1911 (A, C) and Benthogenia mahi n. sp. (B, D): A, holotype of Benthogenia cribellosa USNM 28655; B, holotype and Benthogenia mahi n. sp. MNHN-IE-2013-2216; C, MNHN-IE-2019-3848; D, MNHN-IE-2019-3879. Scale bars: 5 mm.
Figure 3. Ossicles from the holotype and a in Sea cucumbers of the Kerguelen Plateau, with descriptions of new genus and species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
Figure 3. Ossicles from the holotype and a paratype of Calcamariina hibberdi O'Loughlin & Skarbnik-López sp. nov. (holotype NMV F165750, paratype TMAG H3542). a, SEM images of variably knobbed and thickened plate fragments from the ventral body wall and papillae, with some marginal spines (from holotype); b, microscope photos of large body wall plate with smooth perforated base and knobbed projecting distal end that has lost its distal spinous edge (top, from holotype; scale bar refers to this ossicle only), and two tube foot/papilla support plates with projecting outer marginal spinous edge (bottom, from paratype; up to about 140 µm long; scale bar does not refer to these ossicles), and; c, SEM images of small perforated, concave plates (top), curved plates, rod and rod-plates from a tentacle (from holotype).
Figure 14. Molpadia violacea Studer, 1876 photos and SEM ossicle images. a in Sea cucumbers of the Kerguelen Plateau, with descriptions of new genus and species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
Figure 14. Molpadia violacea Studer, 1876 photos and SEM ossicle images. a, left lateral view of holotype (oral end left) (ZMB 2070) (bottom left insert with photo of tentacles); b, right lateral view of HIMI specimen of Molpadia violacea (NMV F165737) (insert with drawing of radial (left) and inter-radial plates of the calcareous ring); c, d, SEM images of fusiform rod ossicles from HIMI specimen of Molpadia violacea (NMV F165737); c, from mid-body wall (insert with drawings of table disc and spire); d, from caudal body wall.
Figure 4. Tentacle ossicles. a in New cucumariid species from southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae)
Figure 4. Tentacle ossicles. a, Apsolidium falconerae sp. nov., holotype, NMV F109375, perforated plates and rods. b, Neoamphicyclus altoffi sp. nov., rosettes from lower tentacle (base), NMV F132704. c, Neoamphicyclus altoffi sp. nov., rods from upper tentacle, NMV F132704. d, Neoamphicyclus materiae sp. nov., paratype, NMV F76364, rods. e, Neoamphicyclus mutans (Joshua, 1914), NMV F109315, rosettes from upper tentacle. f, Neocucumella turnerae sp. nov., paratype, TM H3296; rosettes from disc and oral papillae (left); rods from tentacles (right).
Text-fig. 10. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate, NM S 4766, x 26. Lateral plates on undersurface of arm segment in Hunsrück Slate articulated specimen. Short thin groove spines on ventral edge of lateral arm plates protect undersurface of vertebra and partially cover ambulacral groove. in Isolated Ossicles Of The Family Eospondylidae Spencer Wright, 1966, In The Lower Devonian Of Bohemia (Czech Republic) And Correction Of The Systematic Position Of Eospondylid Brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Oegophiurida)
Text-fig. 10. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate, NM S 4766, x 26. Lateral plates on undersurface of arm segment in Hunsrück Slate articulated specimen. Short thin groove spines on ventral edge of lateral arm plates protect undersurface of vertebra and partially cover ambulacral groove.
Text-fig. 11. Eospondylus cf. primigenius (STÜRTZ) "Prastav" quarry at Praha-Holyně, Třebotov Limestone, Lower Devonian, Dalejan, NM L 36905, x 65. Overlay of proximal and distal articulations. Upper photo is proximal surface with distal bird-like articulation knobs superposed in ink. Lower photo is distal surface with proximal articulation knobs superposed in ink. The architecture of articulation surfaces is both zygospondylous and auluroid. This architecture occurs also in vertebrae of Furcaster and indicates that families Eospondylidae and Furcasteridae are closely related. in Isolated Ossicles Of The Family Eospondylidae Spencer Wright, 1966, In The Lower Devonian Of Bohemia (Czech Republic) And Correction Of The Systematic Position Of Eospondylid Brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Oegophiurida)
Text-fig. 11. Eospondylus cf. primigenius (STÜRTZ) "Prastav" quarry at Praha-Holyně, Třebotov Limestone, Lower Devonian, Dalejan, NM L 36905, x 65. Overlay of proximal and distal articulations. Upper photo is proximal surface with distal bird-like articulation knobs superposed in ink. Lower photo is distal surface with proximal articulation knobs superposed in ink. The architecture of articulation surfaces is both zygospondylous and auluroid. This architecture occurs also in vertebrae of Furcaster and indicates that families Eospondylidae and Furcasteridae are closely related.
Text-fig. 7B. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate, BMNH E3358, x 4. Hunsrück Slate articulated specimen. Underside of arm showing two contrasting appearances of lateral arm plates in a single arm. The arm is rolled slightly. Of the left lateral arm plates the lateral surface is extensively exposed. The spine ridge faces distally (posteriorly). Of the right lateral arm plates only the ventral edge that borders the ambulacral groove is exposed. in Isolated Ossicles Of The Family Eospondylidae Spencer Wright, 1966, In The Lower Devonian Of Bohemia (Czech Republic) And Correction Of The Systematic Position Of Eospondylid Brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Oegophiurida)
Text-fig. 7B. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate, BMNH E3358, x 4. Hunsrück Slate articulated specimen. Underside of arm showing two contrasting appearances of lateral arm plates in a single arm. The arm is rolled slightly. Of the left lateral arm plates the lateral surface is extensively exposed. The spine ridge faces distally (posteriorly). Of the right lateral arm plates only the ventral edge that borders the ambulacral groove is exposed.
Text-fig. 8. Eospondylus cf. primigenius (STÜRTZ) "Červený lom" quarry near Praha-Klukovice, Loděnice Limestone, Lower Devonian, Pragian, NM L 36910, x 25. Left lateral plate, outer view. The surface leading to the vertical ridge flairs outward. The height profile leaves uncovered part of the side of the arm vertebra. in Isolated Ossicles Of The Family Eospondylidae Spencer Wright, 1966, In The Lower Devonian Of Bohemia (Czech Republic) And Correction Of The Systematic Position Of Eospondylid Brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Oegophiurida)
Text-fig. 8. Eospondylus cf. primigenius (STÜRTZ) "Červený lom" quarry near Praha-Klukovice, Loděnice Limestone, Lower Devonian, Pragian, NM L 36910, x 25. Left lateral plate, outer view. The surface leading to the vertical ridge flairs outward. The height profile leaves uncovered part of the side of the arm vertebra.
Text-fig. 6. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate, NM S 4766, x 12.5. Undersurface of arm segments in Hunsrück Slate articulated specimen. A few lateral plates are displaced and expose details of vertebrae. The canal for radial water vessel is in center of zygosphene knob and zygotreme pit, like spout and funnel. At distal outer edges of vertebrae is cupola for tube feet. There are no under arm plates. in Isolated Ossicles Of The Family Eospondylidae Spencer Wright, 1966, In The Lower Devonian Of Bohemia (Czech Republic) And Correction Of The Systematic Position Of Eospondylid Brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Oegophiurida)
Text-fig. 6. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate, NM S 4766, x 12.5. Undersurface of arm segments in Hunsrück Slate articulated specimen. A few lateral plates are displaced and expose details of vertebrae. The canal for radial water vessel is in center of zygosphene knob and zygotreme pit, like spout and funnel. At distal outer edges of vertebrae is cupola for tube feet. There are no under arm plates.
Text-fig. 2. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate,, NM S 4764, x 3. Specimen with ventral arm coiling. The specimen is on its dorsum in slate with all five rays curled ventrally inward toward mouth area on underside of disk. Barely visible are tips of two jaws; slightly exposed are proximal parts of rays in oral view extending outward from disk. The location of abrupt ventral bending of rays is indicated by emergence from slate of five rays in aboral view that point inward toward buried disk. Based on ventral bending of rays and intimate association with crinoids Eospondylus has been interpreted as stratigraphic first occurrence of Order Euryalida, which contains epizoic gorgonocephalid and euryalid basket-stars of modern oceans. This status is rejected using new evidence from isolated vertebrae. [Photo by Alexander Glass]. in Isolated Ossicles Of The Family Eospondylidae Spencer Wright, 1966, In The Lower Devonian Of Bohemia (Czech Republic) And Correction Of The Systematic Position Of Eospondylid Brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Oegophiurida)
Text-fig. 2. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate,, NM S 4764, x 3. Specimen with ventral arm coiling. The specimen is on its dorsum in slate with all five rays curled ventrally inward toward mouth area on underside of disk. Barely visible are tips of two jaws; slightly exposed are proximal parts of rays in oral view extending outward from disk. The location of abrupt ventral bending of rays is indicated by emergence from slate of five rays in aboral view that point inward toward buried disk. Based on ventral bending of rays and intimate association with crinoids Eospondylus has been interpreted as stratigraphic first occurrence of Order Euryalida, which contains epizoic gorgonocephalid and euryalid basket-stars of modern oceans. This status is rejected using new evidence from isolated vertebrae. [Photo by Alexander Glass].
Fig. 2 in Asterozoan pedicellariae and ossicles revealed from the Middle Ordovician of Baltica
Fig. 2. Asterozoan pedicellariae (A–D) and ossicles from (E–H) from the Mishina Gora section, Middle Ordovician. A. TUG 1611-1, external view. B. TUG 1611-2, internal view. C. TUG 1611-3, internal view. D. TUG 1611-4, external view. E. TUG 1611-5 asterozoan disk (?) ossicle. F. TUG 1611-6 asterozoan interradial (?) ossicle. G. TUG 1611-7 asterozoan interradial (?) ossicle. H. TUG 1611-8 asterozoan disk (?) ossicle. Scale bars 200 μm.
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