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2 results for “overland flow”
Bedload data (deposition from overland flow) measured at the three Conmod Pilot study locations at Jornada Basin LTER, 2008-2010
This data package contains measurements of bedload samples (suspended particles) collected during overland flow events in the Connectivity Modifier (Conmod) Pilot study on the Jornada Experimental Range from 2008-2010. There were 3 sites for this study: Gravelly Ridges, Aeolian, and Dona Ana. Within each site, there were 8 study plots, 4 of which were treatment plots where connectivity modules (conmods) were installed to decrease gap sizes between perennial vegetation. The plots were 8 x 8 meters and had an 8 x 8 meter buffer zone on both sides of the plot (upwind and downwind). To collect water from overland flow events, four to six belowground catchment containers were installed in upslope and downslope buffer zones at each study plots. Bedload containers were monitored monthly 2008, 2009, and 2010. Bedload material collected by the containers during overland flow events was weighed and analyzed for organic matter content by the loss on ignition method. This study is complete and was the pilot study to the newer Cross Scale Interactions Study.
Effects of different grass distribution patterns and coverage combinations on overland flow resistance mechanisms
<p>To clarify the relationship between grass cover and water flow resistance, laboratory-simulated rainfall experiments were conducted. Five rainfall intensities and three degrees of slope were applied to six degrees of grass cover and six distribution patterns to elucidate the response of overland resistance to the experimental design factors and hydrodynamic parameters and to establish a predictive model. The results indicated that as grass coverage increases, the resistance coefficient also increases; however, with increases in the rainfall intensity and slope, the resistance coefficient decreases, with no apparent critical slope or rainfall intensity. Overland resistance was higher for the horizontal vegetation pattern than the vertical pattern. The flow Reynolds and Froude numbers were negatively correlated with the resistance coefficient. The water flow path index was useful for characterizing overland resistance, reflecting the influence of different grass cover types, and was positively correlated with the resistance coefficient. Based on a dimensional analysis and the π theorem, a model of overland flow resistance was developed. This model effectively predicted overland resistance and quantified the contribution of each factor to the resistance coefficient. The contributions of the slope, rainfall Reynolds number, flow Reynolds number, Froude number, and water flow path index to overland resistance were 12.78%, 6.02%, 34 9.77%, 15.04%, and 56.39%, respectively, with grass cover playing a key role. Simulated rainfall experiments with different degrees of grass coverage and distribution patterns revealed the dynamic mechanisms of overland hydraulic erosion.</p>
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