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15 results for “overyield”
Dataset accompanying Nölke et al. 2022. The choice of the white clover population alters overyielding of mixtures with perennial ryegrass and chicory and underlying processes. Scientific Reports
<p>This repository contains biomass and nitrogen yield data as well as data on diversity effects used by Nölke et al. in an article published in Scientific Reports (2022).</p> <p>Metadata are provided in the first excel worksheet ('explanation_overview'). For further details please see the original research article.</p>
Data for: Single-gene resolution of diversity-driven overyielding in plant genotype mixtures
<p>In plant communities, diversity often increases productivity and functioning, but the specific underlying drivers are difficult to identify. Most ecological theories attribute positive diversity effects to complementary niches occupied by different species or genotypes. However, the specific nature of niche complementarity often remains unclear, including how it is expressed in terms of trait differences between plants. Here, we use a gene-centred approach to study positive diversity effects in mixtures of natural <em>Arabidopsis </em><em>thaliana</em> genotypes. Using two orthogonal genetic mapping approaches, we find that between-plant allelic differences at the <em>AtSUC8</em> locus are strongly associated with mixture overyielding. <em>AtSUC8</em> encodes a proton-sucrose symporter and is expressed in root tissues. Genetic variation in <em>AtSUC8</em> affects the biochemical activities of protein variants and natural variation at this locus is associated with different sensitivities of root growth to changes in substrate pH. We thus speculate that - in the particular case studied here - evolutionary divergence along an edaphic gradient resulted in the niche complementarity between genotypes that now drives overyielding in mixtures. Identifying such genes important for ecosystem functioning may ultimately allow linking ecological processes to evolutionary drivers, help identify traits underlying positive diversity effects, and facilitate the development of high-performing crop variety mixtures.</p>
Overyielding in young tree communities does not support the stress-gradient hypothesis and is favoured by functional diversity and higher water availability
<p class="CxSpFirst"><strong>Summary:</strong></p> <ol> <li class="CxSpMiddle">Biodiversity effects on productivity and other ecosystem functions are strongly dependent on climate and resource availability. Based on the stress-gradient hypothesis, under conditions of greater abiotic stress, diversity effects on plant performance are intensified due to the increased relative importance of positive plant interactions. However, whether this hypothesis is consistently applicable in forest systems remains unclear. A field trial was established to test the stress-gradient hypothesis and examine diversity effects on aboveground biomass production of young trees in mixtures exposed to different water availability.</li> <li class="CxSpMiddle">Six native tree species of northern temperate forests (<i>Acer saccharum</i>,<i> Betula papyrifera</i>,<i> Larix laricina</i>,<i> Picea glauca, Pinus strobus</i>,<i> and Quercus rubra</i>) were planted as monocultures and as mixtures of two, four, and six species. For five growing seasons, four replicates of each community were exposed to conditions of either low- or high-water availability created by rainfall exclusion and weekly irrigation, respectively. Growth-years 4 and 5 were significantly different when the climatic water balance of the growing seasons were compared. We tested the effects of functional diversity on: (1) total growth of mixtures under low- and high-water availability, and (2) annual growth in years 4 (higher water availability, 2017) and 5 (lower water availability, 2018).</li> <li class="CxSpMiddle">Annual growth of most species in both years was greater under high- vs. low-water availability. Functional diversity had a significant positive effect on total biomass production and annual growth, and this effect was more strongly expressed under high-water availability. Functional diversity effects on annual growth did not differ between years 4 and 5 regardless of their climatic water balance. Functional and species identity were key to understanding productivity responses to mixture and treatment effects.</li> <li class="CxSpMiddle"> <i>Synthesis</i>: Contrary to the stress-gradient hypothesis, the positive effects of functional diversity on productivity were enhanced by high-water availability and were independent of seasonal water balance.</li> </ol>
Overyielding is accounted for partly by plasticity and dissimilarity of crop root traits in maize/legume intercropping systems
<p><span>Positive biodiversity-productivity relationships have been found in biodiversity field experiments of grassland, forestry, and other natural terrestrial ecosystems, where diversity effects were separated by complementarity (CE) and selection effects (SE). However, we know little about how CE and SE are related to root traits and root dissimilarity.</span></p> <p><span>A four-year field experiment was carried out with a split-plot design, where main plot was four nitrogen (N) applications (N0, N1, N2, N3) and five cropping systems (maize (</span><span><em>Zea mays</em> </span><span>L.</span><span>)/soybean (</span><span><em>Glycine max</em> </span><span>L. Merrill.</span><span>), maize/peanut (</span><em><span>Arachis hypogaea</span></em> <span>L.</span><span>) intercropped and the corresponding monocultures) with three replicates. Roots were sampled in the N0 and N2 treatments in two years. Intercropping effects were analyzed based on grain yield for four years and roots were sampled down to 60 cm depth, and analyzed with morphological parameters at different crop growth stages in two years.</span></p> <p><span>Intercropping significantly increased grain yield and aboveground biomass in both intercropping systems under all N treatments. The partitioning of the net intercropping effects showed that yield advantage in intercropping was due to a positive CE under the N0 treatment, and to a positive SE with N application.</span></p> <p><span>Maize showed greater root morphological plasticity than the legumes did, with greater changes in root length density (RLD), root weight density (RWD) and total root surface (TS) in intercropping than in monoculture. Intercropped maize occupied a larger soil space, while lateral RLD distribution of legumes was decreased by maize. The RLD, RWD, and TS of intercropped maize were constant or increased in later growth stages. SE showed a significantly positive relationship with root dissimilarity. Principal component analysis showed mean root depth and specific root length of legumes drove the positive CE in the absence of N fertilization. </span></p> <p><span>Root dissimilarity determined by maize explained the selection effects in overyielding. Complementarity effects under N0 were closely associated with specific root traits such as mean root depth and specific root length. Linking changes of root traits with intercropping effects aboveground helps understand yield advantages in diverse agroecosystem.</span><span> In general, a cereal species with strong phenotypic plasticity intercropped with a legume species with strong physiological plasticity can maximize the yield advantage of intercropping.</span></p>
Data and R code used in Delory et al (2019) When history matters: the overlooked role of priority effects in grassland overyielding
<p>This repository contains the raw data and R code used for the following paper: Delory et al (2019) When history matters: the overlooked role of priority effects in grassland overyielding.</p>
Data from: Enhanced light interception and light use efficiency explain overyielding in young tree communities
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Overyielding in young tree communities does not support the stress-gradient hypothesis and is favoured by functional diversity and higher water availability
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Overyielding is accounted for partly by plasticity and dissimilarity of crop root traits in maize/legume intercropping systems
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Data from: Overyielding in young tree plantations is driven by local complementarity and selection effects related to shade tolerance
1. Overyielding in mixed-species forests has been demonstrated in a vast body of literature, and the focus of functional biodiversity research is now shifting towards a mechanistic understanding of these observations. 2. We explored diversity-productivity relationships (DPRs) at two sites of a large-scale tree diversity experiment, with benign (Zed) and harsh (Ged) environmental conditions for plantation establishment. Additive partitioning methodologies were adopted to detect phenomenological patterns in the productivity data, and the trait structure of mixed communities was used to advance insights into compositional effects. 3. After six years of plantation development, biomass productivity was significantly higher in mixtures compared to the monocultures of component species. We observed that processes operated through direct tree-tree interactions, since the diversity signal disappeared where trees in mixed stands were surrounded by conspecific neighbors only. This result is particularly relevant for mixed-species planation systems, as trees are commonly planted in monospecific patches to simplify the management. Partitioning unveiled strong selection effects at both plantation sites. However, at the Ged-site this was caused by competitive dominance of species with fast young growth whereas at the Zed-site, species with slow young growth improved their performances but not at the expense of others (i.e. trait-dependent complementarity). Species tolerance to shading is an influential trait to predict biodiversity effects, with community-weighted means in shade tolerance mediating dominance effects (Ged) and functional diversity in shade tolerance mediating (trait-dependent) complementarity effects (Zed). 4. Synthesis. This study highlights that biodiversity effects in young tree plantations could be explained by the functional composition of mixed communities, with a key role for species levels of shade tolerance. As contrasting results between plantation sites were observed, future research should target the context-dependency of DPRs.
Data from: Linking species abundance and overyielding from experimental communities with niche and fitness characteristics
1) So far, the principal force shaping local plant abundance patterns remains unclear. Rarity can result from poor competitive ability or from small vegetative or generative reproduction, but also from strong self-limitation. The same mechanisms can drive species-specific overyielding, i.e. increased species productivity at high community diversity. Rare species can then benefit more (i.e. overyield to a larger extent) from growing in species-rich communities because of altered competitive hierarchies or smaller conspecific frequencies. Here we test which mechanism is the most important determinant of species rarity and of species-specific productivity across a diversity gradient ranging from one- to 60-species plots. 2) For that we measured vegetative growth, competitive ability (competitive effect), and negative frequency dependence for 49 perennial grassland species from Central Europe. We then linked these characteristics with species abundance (measured as species biomass from 60-species plots) and with species-specific overyielding in The Jena Experiment. 3) Species with higher rates of vegetative growth (when grown without neighbors) were also more abundant in the Jena Experiment. Larger species-specific overyielding was then associated with a stronger negative frequency dependence. As species with greater vegetative growth were also more self-limited, larger overyielding in species-rich communities was characteristic for common rather than for rare species, refuting our initial hypothesis. Finally, path analysis indicated that species with poor capacity to suppress neighbors also profited more from growing in diverse communities. 4) Synthesis. Our results identify key mechanisms driving abundance and productivity of species in synthetic communities differing in species richness. While vegetative reproduction was closely associated with abundance, intraspecific interactions (strength of negative frequency dependence) shaped species productivity across a richness gradient. Our study sheds light on the abundance patterns of species and their influence on community functions, such as biomass production, of species-rich and -poor vegetation.
Soil biota is decisive for overyielding in intercropping under low phosphorus conditions
<p><span>Cereal/legume intercropping typically increase crop yield, however, the mechanisms </span><span>through which soil microbes </span><span>mediate overyielding in intercropping under different nutrient availability remain elusive.</span></p> <p><span>Here we examined the effect of soil biota and phosphate (P) availability on intercropping advantages in wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) /faba bean (<em>Vicia faba</em>) systems using a pot experiment consisting of soil sterilization treatment and different P supply levels. A complementary experiment on the contribution of different microbial groups was also included using the removal method.</span></p> <p><span>Intercropping advantage was observed only in the presence of microbes and was mainly associated with increase of wheat biomass. </span><span>Overyielding</span><span> effect was stronger under low-P than high-P conditions, and </span><span>was negatively correlated with P availability and the effect of soil biota in the monoculture</span><span>. The effect was likely related to</span><span> </span><span>the enlarged active P pools and modified microbial communities associated with the alteration of rhizosphere traits (</span><span>protons and carboxylates</span><span>) by the neighboring faba bean. Similarly, simplification of soil microbes significantly increased the growth and P uptake of wheat plants while faba bean growth was less affected.</span></p> <p><em><span>Synthesis and applications.</span></em><span> </span><span>Our research provides compelling evidence that soil microbiome is important in driving intercropping overyielding by regulating interspecific interactions under nutrient limited conditions. These findings have important implications for crop species choice in designing and managing intercropping systems where crop functional traits, soil microbiome and nutrient management should be integrated in pursuit of sustainable agriculture</span><span>.</span></p>
Soil biota is decisive for overyielding in intercropping under low phosphorus conditions
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Data from: Beyond shading: litter production by neighbours contributes to overyielding in tropical trees
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Data from: Linking species abundance and overyielding from experimental communities with niche and fitness characteristics
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Data from: Overyielding in young tree plantations is driven by local complementarity and selection effects related to shade tolerance
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