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6 results for “palaeogenomics”
Bioarchaeological and palaeogenomic portrait of two Pompeians that died during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD
<p>The archaeological site of Pompeii is one of the fifty-four UNESCO World Heritage sites in Italy, thanks to its uniqueness: the town was completely destroyed and buried by a Vesuvius’ eruption in 79 AD. In this work, we present a multidisciplinary approach with bioarchaeological and palaeogenomic analyses of two Pompeian human remains from the <em>Casa del Fabbro</em>. We have been able to characterize the genetic profile of the first Pompeian’ genome, which has strong affinities with the surrounding central Italian population from the Roman Imperial Age. Our findings suggest that, despite the extensive connection between Rome and other Mediterranean populations, a noticeable degree of genetic homogeneity exists in the Italian peninsula at that time. Moreover, palaeopathological analyses identified the presence of spinal tuberculosis and we further investigated the presence of ancient DNA from <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the power of a combined approach to investigate ancient humans and confirms the possibility to retrieve ancient DNA from Pompeii human remains. Our initial findings provide a foundation to promote an intensive and extensive paleogenetic analysis in order to reconstruct the genetic history of population from Pompeii, a <em>unique</em> archaeological site.</p>
Fig. 3 in Palaeogenomic insights into the origins of French grapevine diversity
Fig. 3 | Genetic origins of ancient and historic French grapevine varieties. Relationships identified between archaeological samples and modern cultivars included in the GrapeReSeq panel. Highly related refers to full-sibling or similar samples. Sibling relationships involving pairs of modern cultivar are not displayed for simplicity. Asterisks indicate archaeological seeds that were found consistent with carrying>10% paternal DNA. The VIVC (http://www.vivc. de) and GrapeReSeq identifiers for the modern cultivars can be found in Supplementary Table 4.
Fig. 2 in Palaeogenomic insights into the origins of French grapevine diversity
Fig. 2 | Geographical distribution and relationships between the distinct genetic types of archaeological samples. a, Relatedness among pairs of archaeological samples. Kinship coefficients were estimated using NgsRelate between pairs of samples for SNP loci present in the GrapeReSeq panel. The capital letters (A–F) on the left indicate genetically identical clones, that is, putative ancient and historical varieties. Asterisks indicate archaeological seeds that were found consistent with carrying>10% paternal DNA. b, Map displaying the distribution of genetic types (circles) in each archaeological site. The capital letters (A–F) on the circles indicate clusters of genetically identical seeds represented by more than one seed. The shading of the circles indicates sample age. In red is shown the genetic type that was found in more than one archaeological site. The lines connect pairs of samples that are related as parent–offspring or highly related/full sibling. Note that, as in the presence of paternal DNA full-sibling relationships could derive from multiple scenarios, we classified samples consistent with full-sibling relationships as 'highly related' (see Supplementary Methods 16).
Fig. 1 in Palaeogenomic insights into the origins of French grapevine diversity
Fig. 1 | Genetic affinities between archaeological grape seeds and modern V. vinifera accessions. a, MDS plot including archaeological samples, wild V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris accessions and domesticated varieties. b, MDS plot restricted to archaeological samples and domesticated varieties. The colours correspond to the main ancestry clusters identified in Laucou et al.21. Asterisks indicate archaeological samples that were incorporated into the data set by sampling a random allele from a majority count consensus sequence instead of called genotypes. c, Model-based clustering analysis of the GrapeReSeq panel assuming K = 8 clusters. The vertical bars represent individual accessions, the colours represent the inferred ancestry components and the fraction of each colour corresponds to the estimated ancestry proportion. Archaeological samples are sorted by age and by sample identification within a stratigraphic context. Samples that were identified as identical clones are grouped with black lines and capital letters (A–F) at the bottom.
Additional files for 'Palaeogenomic and biostatistical analysis of ancient DNA data from Mesolithic and Neolithic skeletal remains'
<p>Additional files<br> Supplementary File S1 Tables containing results of f3-statistics and D-statistics for Anatolian genomes.<br> Supplementary File S2 Tables containing results of f3-statistics and D-statistics for Danubian genomes.<br> Supplementary File S3 Tables containing results of f3-statistics and D-statistics for capture dataset.<br> Supplementary File S4 Tables containing results of FST analysis for mitochondrial dataset.</p>
Data from: Eggshell palaeogenomics: Palaeognath evolutionary history revealed through ancient nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from Madagascan elephant bird (Aepyornis sp.) eggshell
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