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25 results for “paleoendemic”
Fig. 2 in Phylogenetic placement of a new paleoendemic pill scarab from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, triggers biogeographic interpretations (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae, Ceratocanthinae)
Fig. 2 – Balleriodes sphaera gen. et sp. nov., paratypes (A-R, specimen 8969, S, specimen 8752), details. A-B, head, fronto-dorsal (A) and frontal (B); C, maxilla; D, labrum; E-F, mandibles; G, antenna; H: labium; I-J, elytron in ventral view showing phoretic mites (J, enlarged); K, prothorax, ventral view; L-N, fore, middle and hind left legs; O, pterothorax, ventral view; P-R, phallobase and parameres, right lateral (P), left lateral (Q) and dorsal (R) views; abdomen, with male genitalia in situ. Images are not to scale.
Fig. 4 in Phylogenetic placement of a new paleoendemic pill scarab from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, triggers biogeographic interpretations (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae, Ceratocanthinae)
Fig. 4 – Habitus of select ingroup and outgroup pill scarabs, left lateral view; images are to scale.
Fig. 5 in Phylogenetic placement of a new paleoendemic pill scarab from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, triggers biogeographic interpretations (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae, Ceratocanthinae)
Fig. 5 – Maximum likelihood tree of Ceratocanthinae pill scarabs (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae), as reconstructed by RAxML from the three-fragment concatenated matrix.Balleriodes sphaera gen. et sp. nov. is inside the monophyletic Synarmostes group. Branches with ML bootstrap support percentage ≥90 are marked by black circles; those with bootstrap <90 and ≥75 are marked by open rhombi. Colours of Ceratocanthinae taxa and branches indicate their biogeographical region. Habitus images are to scale; small black arrows indicate imaged specimens.
Fig. 1 – A in Phylogenetic placement of a new paleoendemic pill scarab from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, triggers biogeographic interpretations (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae, Ceratocanthinae)
Fig. 1 – A, Distribution of Balleriodes sphaera gen. et sp. nov. and potentially related and/or similar pill scarabs in Africa and Madagascar. B-F: Balleriodes sphaera gen. et sp. nov., holotype, habitus (B: left lateral, C: dorsal, D: ventral; E: anterior, F: posterior).
Data from: Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with description of a new species from montane California
<p>The spider genus <em>Hypochilus</em> is a relictual lineage of Nearctic species distributed disjunctly across the United States in three montane regions (California, southern Rocky Mountains, southern Appalachia). Phylogenetic resolution of species relationships in <em>Hypochilus</em> has been challenging, with different data types recovering sometimes conflicting topologies. Furthermore, conserved morphology coupled with extreme genetic divergence and paraphyletic topologies at the species level has led to uncertain species limits in some complexes. Using a combination of ultraconserved elements (UCEs), mitochondrial CO1 by-catch, and studies of morphology, we have reconstructed <em>Hypochilus</em> interspecies relationships and have more critically evaluated the possibility of cryptic species in California and in southern Appalachia. Phylogenomic data from hundreds of nuclear loci strongly support the monophyly of regional clades, and furthermore support a ((California, Appalachia), southern Rocky Mountains)) topology. We hypothesize late Cenozoic age divergences in North America, but acknowledge that more research is needed to reliably date divergences in this genus. Within the southern Appalachian fauna, five species are resolved as four lineages (<em>H. thorelli</em> Marx, 1888 and <em>H. coylei</em> Platnick, 1987 are clearly sister taxa), but the interrelationships of these four lineages remain unresolved despite phylogenomic-scale data. The Appalachian species <em>H. pococki</em> Platnick, 1987 is recovered as monophyletic, which differs from prior mitochondrial evidence, but is clearly highly genetically structured at the nuclear level. Although algorithmic analyses of the nuclear data indicate many species (e.g., all populations as species), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) surveys of male morphology instead reveal striking morphological stasis, clearly illustrating the cryptic species problem. Within the California clade, nuclear and mitochondrial lineages of <em>H. petrunkevitchi</em> Gertsch, 1958 correspond directly to drainage basins of the southern Sierra Nevada, with <em>H. bernardino</em> Catley, 1994 nested within <em>H. petrunkevitchi</em> and sister to the southernmost basin populations. Again, algorithmic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial data suggest many species, but we take a more conservative approach, allowing for population genetic structure within species. Combining nuclear, mitochondrial, geographic and morphological evidence we describe a new species from the Tule River and Cedar Creek drainages, <em>Hypochilus</em> <em>xomote</em> sp. nov. We also emphasize the conservation issues that face several microendemic, habitat-specialized species in this remarkable genus.</p>
Fig. 3 in Phylogenetic placement of a new paleoendemic pill scarab from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, triggers biogeographic interpretations (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae, Ceratocanthinae)
Fig. 3 – Habitus of select ingroup and outgroup pill scarabs, dorsal view; images are to scale.
Data from: Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with description of a new species from montane California
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Data from: Fragmented and isolated: limited gene flow coupled with weak isolation by environment in the paleoendemic giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum)
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Supplementary material 2 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Appendix II
Figure 8 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 8 H. pococki male palp comparison, retrolateral views. NE lineageA Green Mtn (MCH 01_162) B Boone Fork (MCH 01_159); ELK lineageC Elk River (MCH 01_155) D Linville Gorge (MCH 01_165); VA lineageE Cliff Mtn (MCH 04_028) F Guest River (MCH 04_027); CENT lineageG Hickory (MCH 01_144) H Wagon Road Gap (MCH 01_181); WEST lineageI Alarka (MCH 02_168) J Starr Mtn (MCH 02_156) K Backbone Rock (MCH 04_025) L Chunky Gal Mtn (MCH 02_142). Detailed specimen information provided in Suppl. material 2.
Figure 9 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 9 Southern Sierra Nevada topography map with genetic and morphological sample locations (see Suppl. material 1 and Suppl. material 2). Geographic gaps and other notable geographic features mentioned in the text are highlighted.
Figure 7 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 7 H. pococki male palp comparison, prolateral views. NE lineageA Green Mtn (MCH 01_162) B Boone Fork (MCH 01_159); ELK lineageC Elk River (MCH 01_155) D Linville Gorge (MCH 01_165); VA lineageE Cliff Mtn (MCH 04_028) F Guest River (MCH 04_027); CENT lineageG Hickory (MCH 01_144) H Wagon Road Gap (MCH 01_181); WEST lineageI Alarka (MCH 02_168) J Starr Mtn (MCH 02_156) K Backbone Rock (MCH 04_025) L Chunky Gal Mtn (MCH 02_142). Detailed specimen information provided in Suppl. material 2.
Figure 5 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 5 Maximum likelihood mitochondrial tree. Black circles designate clusters of sequences collapsed as the same species in multi-threshold GMYC analyses; all other branches supported as separate species (e.g., n = 13 for multi-threshold model). Inset – K2P distances within and among primary mitochondrial lineages.
Figure 3 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 3 Concordance Factor values. Phylogeny reconstructed from partitioned RAxML analysis of "filtered and trimmed" UCE matrix, with gCF / sCF values. The lowest gCF and sCF values, for two unresolved nodes which collapse to a four lineage polytomy within the Appalachian clade, are highlighted by red text.
Figure 2 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 2 UCE phylogeny. Phylogeny reconstructed from partitioned RAxML analysis of "filtered and trimmed" UCE matrix. Bootstrap support values are 100 for all nodes unless otherwise indicated; second support values from IQ-TREE. Inset – SVDquartets UCE tree with bootstrap support values less than 95 shown.
Figure 4 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 4 UCE STRUCTURE results, with optimal and suboptimal K clusters shown in relation to UCE RAxML phylogeny and geography. For H. pococki, the distribution of mitochondrial "microclades" follows Keith and Hedin (2012).
Figure 6 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 6 H. pococki male palp (conductor) comparison. For each specimen, left panel = prolateral view, right panel = retrolateral view. NE lineageA, B Green Mtn (MCH 01_162) C, D Boone Fork (MCH 01_159); ELK lineageE, F Elk River (MCH 01_155) G, H Linville Gorge (MCH 01_165). Shorter secondary coil for ELK specimens highlighted by arrows; VA lineageI, J Cliff Mtn (MCH 04_028) K, L Guest River (MCH 04_027); CENT lineageM, N Hickory (MCH 01_144) O, P Wagon Road Gap (MCH 01_181); WEST lineageQ, R Alarka (MCH 02_168) S, T Starr Mtn (MCH 02_156) U, V Backbone Rock (MCH 04_025) W, X Chunky Gal Mtn (MCH 02_142). Detailed specimen information provided in Suppl. material 2.
Figure 14 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 14 Habitat, web, and live specimen digital images for H. xomote. From Kern County, vicinity Alder Creek campground, along Cedar Creek, 5–6 Sept 2020 (see Suppl. material 2) A large S-facing granite boulder, on the north side of Cedar Creek. Spider aggregations found in shaded areas, at white arrow B web of an adult female C image of live adult female D image of live adult male.
Figure 13 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 13 Comparative female spermathecal morphology for California taxa. H. bernardinoA Foresee Creek (SDSU_G2893); H. petrunkevitchiYOSE lineage B Yosemite (SDSU_G2564); H. xomoteC Jenny Creek (SDSU_G2477) D Windy Creek (SDSU_G2465) E Belknap Creek (SDSU_G2296) F Alder Creek (SDSU_G2601); H. petrunkevitchiKAW lineage G Ladybug Trail (SDSU_G2275) H Mineral King Road (SDSU_G2485); H. petrunkevitchi KINGS lineage I Mill Creek (SDSU_G2543) J Providence Creek (SDSU_G2508); H. petrunkevitchiSAN lineage K Snowslide Creek (SDSU_G2557) L Balsam Creek (SDSU_G2415). Scale bars shown for select specimens. Detailed specimen information provided in Suppl. material 2.
Figure 10 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 10 California taxa male palp (conductor) comparison. For each specimen, left panel = prolateral view, right panel = retrolateral view. H. bernardinoA, B Mtn Home (SDSU_G2931) C, D Mtn Home (SDSU_G2932); H. xomoteE, F Alder Creek (SDSU_G2600) G, H Tule River (SDSU_G2289); H. petrunkevitchi KINGS lineage I, J Mill Flat (SDSU_G2554); H. petrunkevitchiKAW lineage K, L Mineral King Road (SDSU_TAC000192); H. petrunkevitchiYOSE lineage M, N Yosemite (SDSU_G2568); H. kastoniO, P Ney Springs (SDSU_TAC000191). Distal conductor apophysis highlighted by arrows. Detailed specimen information provided in Suppl. material 2.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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