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10 results for “parapatric distribution”
Population genomic analyses reveal hybridization and marked differences in genetic structure and demographic history of Scurria limpet sister species with parapatric distributions across the southeastern pacific
<p>The study of sister species that occur in parapatry around biogeographic transition zones can help understand the evolutionary processes that underlie the changes in species composition across biogeographic transition zones. The South Eastern Pacific (SEP) coast is a highly productive coastal system that exhibits a broad biogeographic transition zone around 30–35ºS. Here, we present a comparative genome-wide analysis of the sister species <em>Scurria viridula</em> and <em>Scurria zebrina</em>, that occur in parapatry and whose poleward and equatorward range edges intersect in the 30–35ºS SEP biogeographic transition zone. We sampled 118 specimens sourced from nine sites from Tocopilla (22ºS) to Chiloé (41ºS) including one site where both species overlap and analyzed over 8,000 biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found evidence of hybridization between these species in the contact zone and found significant but contrasting population structures for both species. Our results indicate that the genetic structure in <em>S. viridula</em>, which is currently expanding its range poleward, follows a simple isolation-by-distance model with no traces of natural selection (no evidence of outlier loci). In contrast, <em>S. zebrina</em>, which finds its equatorward range edge at the transition zone, displayed a pronounced genetic break approximately at 32-34ºS, along a region of marked environmental heterogeneity in association with a semi-permanent coastal upwelling regime. For <em>S. zebrina</em>, we also found 43 outlier loci associated with this genetic break, with a significant proportion of them clustering in a single linkage group. This marked difference in the presence of outlier loci between species suggests that they could be responding differently to local environmental challenges found at their overlapping geographic range edges, thus providing important new insights about genomic changes around biogeographic transition zones in sister species and the forces that shape genetic diversity in intertidal marine species. </p>
Population genomic analyses reveal hybridization and marked differences in genetic structure and demographic history of Scurria limpet sister species with parapatric distributions across the southeastern pacific
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Data from: DNA metabarcoding diet analysis for species with parapatric versus sympatric distribution: a case study on subterranean rodents
Closely related sympatric species commonly develop different ecological strategies to avoid competition. Ctenomys minutus and C. flamarioni are subterranean rodents parapatrically distributed in the southern Brazilian coastal plain, showing a narrow sympatric zone. To gain understanding on food preferences and possible competition for food resources, we evaluated their diet composition performing DNA metabarcoding analyzes of 67 C. minutus and 100 C. flamarioni scat samples, collected along the species geographical ranges. Thirteen plant families, mainly represented by Poaceae, Araliaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae, were identified in the diet of C. minutus. For C. flamarioni, 10 families were recovered, with a predominance of Poaceae, Araliaceae and Asteraceae. A significant correlation between diet composition and geographical distance was detected in C. minutus, whereas the diet of C. flamarioni was quite homogeneous throughout its geographical distribution. No significant differences were observed between males and females of each species. However, differences in diet composition between species were evident according to multivariate analysis. Our results suggest some level of diet partitioning between C. flamarioni and C. minutus in the sympatric region. While the first species is more specialized on few plant items, the second showed a more varied and heterogeneous diet pattern among individuals. These differences might have been developed to avoid competition in the region of co-occurrence. Resource availability in the environment also seems to influence food choices. Our data indicate that C. minutus and C. flamarioni are generalist species, but that some preference for Poaceae, Asteraceae and Araliaceae families can be suggested for both rodents.
Distribution. WC Sulawesi in the Lariang River Basin near the confluence with its tributary, the Meweh River, and extending N as far as Gimpu; the precise limits of its distribution have yet to be determined and it distribution may be much larger than what has been confirmed to date. It is known to be parapatric with Dian's Tarsier (1. dentatus) on the E boundary ofits distribution. in Tarsiidae
Distribution. WC Sulawesi in the Lariang River Basin near the confluence with its tributary, the Meweh River, and extending N as far as Gimpu; the precise limits of its distribution have yet to be determined and it distribution may be much larger than what has been confirmed to date. It is known to be parapatric with Dian's Tarsier (1. dentatus) on the E boundary ofits distribution.
Distribution. Japan, mainly E Honshu and adjacent islands, as well as isolated populations in W Japan, including W Honshu (Hiwa Town, Kyoto City, and Kii Peninsula), Shikoku (Mt Ishizuchi, Mt Tsurugi, and Mt Ohtaki), and Shodoshima I; W limit of distribution on E Honshu is located across Ishikawa, Gifu, Nagano, and Shizuoka prefectures, where SmallJapanese Mole shows parapatric or mixed distribution with the Large Japanese Mole (M. wogura), a species distributed in W Japan. In Echigo Plain, Niigata Prefecture, the Small Japanese Mole is parapatric with the Echigo Mole (M. etigo). in Talpidae
Distribution. Japan, mainly E Honshu and adjacent islands, as well as isolated populations in W Japan, including W Honshu (Hiwa Town, Kyoto City, and Kii Peninsula), Shikoku (Mt Ishizuchi, Mt Tsurugi, and Mt Ohtaki), and Shodoshima I; W limit of distribution on E Honshu is located across Ishikawa, Gifu, Nagano, and Shizuoka prefectures, where SmallJapanese Mole shows parapatric or mixed distribution with the Large Japanese Mole (M. wogura), a species distributed in W Japan. In Echigo Plain, Niigata Prefecture, the Small Japanese Mole is parapatric with the Echigo Mole (M. etigo).
Figure 2 in A two-species distribution model for parapatric newts, with inferences on their history of spatial replacement
Figure 2. Two-species distribution model derived from Triturus cristatus and Triturus marmoratus records over France along with a suite of environmental variable (for details, see main text), extrapolated over neighbouring areas. The colours show the probability for any eligible locality to be occupied by T. cristatus (P c), from deep red for T. cristatus to deep blue for T. marmoratus. Intermediate colours, such as orange and green, represent intermediate probabilities (see the colour scale, which ranges from P c at zero to P c at unity). Areas in black have an elevation of> 1500 m a.s.l. A, model with forestation as documented. B, C, the mutual species distribution under the assumption that western Europe would be completely forested (full forest; B) and devoid of forestation (zero forest; C). The white line approximates the mutual species border as modelled in A. Note that large areas in the south-east of France are devoid of Triturus newts (cf. Fig. 1) and that Italy has another crested newt species (Triturus carnifex), but that a parapatric contact zone is being modelled nevertheless.
Figure 1. A in A two-species distribution model for parapatric newts, with inferences on their history of spatial replacement
Figure 1. A, the outer range borders of the crested newt, Triturus cristatus (c; southern border shown by continuous line) and the marbled newt, Triturus marmoratus (m; northern and eastern border shown by dashed line) in continental France, after Castanet & Guyetant (1989) and Lescure & De Massary (2012). Departments mentioned in the text are as follows: DS, Deux-Sevres; M, Mayenne; V, Vienne. The Lower Rhône T. cristatus population is indicated by LR. The base map was downloaded from MapsLand (https://www.mapsland.com), under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Licence. B, the area of T. cristatus–T. marmoratus range overlap in Mercator projection, with the generalized species border as inferred from a two-species distribution model (see Fig. 2). The open circles represent documented species occurrences that strongly contradict the model, for T. cristatus (probability of occurrence, Pc ≤ 0.2, in red) and T. marmoratus (Pc ≥ 0.8, in blue). Large symbols represent multiple observations at close range. The drawings of animals, with T. cristatus at the top and T. marmoratus at the bottom, are by Bas Blankevoort, Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
Figure 4 in A two-species distribution model for parapatric newts, with inferences on their history of spatial replacement
Figure 4. Model of the two-species distribution of Triturus cristatus and Triturus marmoratus for climatic conditions as foreseen for 50 years from now under the CMCC-ESM2_ SSP126 scenario. Results were simplified to a binary representation, with red for T. cristatus (probability of occurrence, Pc> 0.5) and blue for T. marmoratus (Pc <0.5). Grey areas predict the presence of one species or the other, depending on zero or full forestation (for details, see main text). The white line approximates the mutual species border as modelled for the present day (Fig. 2A). Note that the contact zone would have to move at a pace of> 10 km/ year to keep up with the projected change. Three other scenarios yielded even larger contact zone displacements (Supporting Information, Fig. S2).
Figure 3 in A two-species distribution model for parapatric newts, with inferences on their history of spatial replacement
Figure 3. Models of the two-species distribution of Triturus cristatus and Triturus marmoratus for climatic conditions as reconstructed for the Holocene, under the assumption that western Europe would be entirely forested (left panel) or entirely deforested (right panel). Colour key as in Figure 2. Results for nine different scenarios (for details, see main text) were averaged; for scenarios shown individually, see the Supporting Information (Fig. S1). The white line approximates the mutual species border as modelled for the present day in Figure 2.
Data from: DNA metabarcoding diet analysis for species with parapatric versus sympatric distribution: a case study on subterranean rodents
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