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38 results for “parapatric species”
Data from: A low-latitude species pump: Peripheral isolation, parapatric speciation and mating-system evolution converge in a marine radiation
<p><span>Geologically recent radiation can shed light on speciation processes, but incomplete lineage sorting and introgressive gene flow render accurate evolutionary reconstruction and interpretation challenging. Independently evolving metapopulations of low-dispersal taxa may provide an additional level of phylogeographic information, given sufficiently broad sampling and genome-wide sequencing. Evolution in the marine brown algal genus </span><span>Fucus</span><span> in the south-eastern Atlantic was shaped by Quaternary climate-driven range shifts. Over this timescale, divergence and speciation occurred against a background of expansion-contraction cycles from multiple refugia, together with mating-system shifts from outcrossing (dioecy) to selfing hermaphroditism. We tested the hypothesis that peripheral isolation of range edge (dioecious) </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> led to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages. Species tree methods using 876 single-copy nuclear genes and extensive geographic coverage produced conflicting topologies with respect to geographic clades of </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span>. All methods, however, revealed a new and early diverging hermaphrodite species, </span><span>Fucus macroguiryi</span><span> sp. Nov. Both the multispecies coalescent and polymorphism-aware models (in contrast to concatenation) support sequential paraphyly in </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> resulting from distinct evolutionary processes. Our results support 1) peripheral isolation of the southern </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> clade prior to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages – a "low latitude species pump". 2) Directional introgressive gene flow into </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> around the present-day secondary contact zone (sympatric-allopatric boundary) between dioecious/hermaphrodite lineages as hermaphrodites expanded northwards, as supported by concordance analysis and statistical tests of introgression. Species boundaries in the extensive sympatric range are likely maintained by reproductive system (selfing in hermaphrodites) and reinforcement.</span></p>
Tension zone trapped by exogenous cline: analysis of a narrow hybrid zone between two parapatric Oxytropis species (Fabaceae)
<p>Hybrid zones have been widely highlighted for their interest in understanding evolutionary processes. It is generally accepted that hybrid zones can be maintained in a balance between dispersal and selection. However, the selective forces can either be endogenous (i.e., genetic incompatibilities between parental taxa) or exogenous (i.e., parental taxa are adapted to different environments).</p> <p>In this study, we evaluated these alternatives and determined the maintenance of a narrow hybrid zone between parapatric distributed <em>Oxytropis diversifolia</em> and <em>O. leptophylla</em> in Nei Mongol, China. For 507 individuals sampled from two populations in the hybrid zone, 12 <em>O. diversifolia</em> populations and five <em>O. leptophylla</em> populations, we measured leaf-morphological characteristics, quantified genetic structure using 11 nuclear microsatellite loci and five chloroplast DNA intergenic regions, collected micro- and macrohabitat data, and conducted geographical cline analysis.</p> <p>We found that the two species differed in leaf morphology, and putative hybrids showed either intermediacy or a bias to <em>O. diversifolia</em>. Parental taxa formed two genetically distinct clusters, while populations in the hybrid zone consisted of both parental forms and various admixed individuals, exhibiting a bimodal pattern. The hybrid zone was coupled to ecological transitions of both microhabitat (i.e., the slope) and macroclimatic conditions. However, the genetic clines were significantly narrower than the environmental cline.</p> <p>Our results indicate that endogenous selection can be primarily responsible for maintaining the hybrid zone, while local adaptation accounts for the position of the zone. We further suggest the probable outcome of hybridization could be introgression.</p>
Population genomic analyses reveal hybridization and marked differences in genetic structure and demographic history of Scurria limpet sister species with parapatric distributions across the southeastern pacific
<p>The study of sister species that occur in parapatry around biogeographic transition zones can help understand the evolutionary processes that underlie the changes in species composition across biogeographic transition zones. The South Eastern Pacific (SEP) coast is a highly productive coastal system that exhibits a broad biogeographic transition zone around 30–35ºS. Here, we present a comparative genome-wide analysis of the sister species <em>Scurria viridula</em> and <em>Scurria zebrina</em>, that occur in parapatry and whose poleward and equatorward range edges intersect in the 30–35ºS SEP biogeographic transition zone. We sampled 118 specimens sourced from nine sites from Tocopilla (22ºS) to Chiloé (41ºS) including one site where both species overlap and analyzed over 8,000 biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found evidence of hybridization between these species in the contact zone and found significant but contrasting population structures for both species. Our results indicate that the genetic structure in <em>S. viridula</em>, which is currently expanding its range poleward, follows a simple isolation-by-distance model with no traces of natural selection (no evidence of outlier loci). In contrast, <em>S. zebrina</em>, which finds its equatorward range edge at the transition zone, displayed a pronounced genetic break approximately at 32-34ºS, along a region of marked environmental heterogeneity in association with a semi-permanent coastal upwelling regime. For <em>S. zebrina</em>, we also found 43 outlier loci associated with this genetic break, with a significant proportion of them clustering in a single linkage group. This marked difference in the presence of outlier loci between species suggests that they could be responding differently to local environmental challenges found at their overlapping geographic range edges, thus providing important new insights about genomic changes around biogeographic transition zones in sister species and the forces that shape genetic diversity in intertidal marine species. </p>
Tension zone trapped by exogenous cline: analysis of a narrow hybrid zone between two parapatric Oxytropis species (Fabaceae)
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Data from: A low-latitude species pump: Peripheral isolation, parapatric speciation and mating-system evolution converge in a marine radiation
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Population genomic analyses reveal hybridization and marked differences in genetic structure and demographic history of Scurria limpet sister species with parapatric distributions across the southeastern pacific
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FIGURE 12 in Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin
FIGURE 12. Natural and man-made microhabitat habitat of Hemiphyllodactylus pinlaungensis sp. nov. A. Pinlaung City, Shan State, Myanmar. B. Wingabar Cave, Shan State, Myanmar.
FIGURE 9 in Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin
FIGURE 9. Type series of adult female holotype (LSUHC 14032) adult female paratypes (LSUHC 14030–31, 14033–34) of Hemiphyllodactylus kyaiktiyoensis sp. nov. from Kyaiktiyo Mounatain, Mon State, Myanmar. Adult female holotype (LSUHC 14184) of H. zwegabinensis sp. nov., from Zwegabin Mountain, Kayin State, Myanmar.
FIGURE 2 in Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin
FIGURE 2. Graphics of statistical analyses among species of the north lineage. A. Principal component analysis (PCA). B. Discriminant function of principal components (DAPC). C. Boxplots of characters bearing significantly different mean values. Species pairs bearing significantly different mean values between them are listed above each plot. Abbreviations are in the Materials and methods.
FIGURE 4 in Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin
FIGURE 4. Color pattern variation in Hemiphyllodactylus ngwelwini sp. nov. from Shan State, Myanmar. A. Adult male holotype (LSUHC 14473) from Thayeumin Cave. Photo by L. Lee Grismer. B. Adult female paratype (LSUHC 14326) from Myintmahati Cave. Photo by Evan S. H. Quah. C. Adult male paratype (LSUHC 14327) from Myintmahati Cave. Photo by Evan S. H. Quah. D. Adult female paratype (LSUHC 14328) from Pwe Hla Village. Photo by Evan S. H. Quah. E. Juvenile paratype (LSUHC 14329) from Pwe Hla Village. Photo by Evan S. H. Quah.
FIGURE 7. A in Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin
FIGURE 7. A. Adult female holotype of Hemiphyllodactylus zwegabinensis sp. nov. (LSUHC 14184) from Zwegabin Mountain, Kayin State, Myanmar. Color pattern variation in B. Adult female paratype (LSUHC 14033) H. kyaiktiyoensis sp. nov. from Kyaiktiyo Mountain, Mon State, Myanmar and C. Adult female paratype (LSUHC 14030) H. kyaiktiyoensis sp. nov. from Kyaiktiyo Mountain, Mon State, Myanmar. Photos by L. Lee Grismer.
FIGURE 1 in Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin
FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood consensus tree of Hemiphyllodactylus clades with UFB and BI support value coding at the nodes. Topographical map showing the distribution of the species in the north and south lineages on the Shan Plateau and in the Salween Basin. Localities of H. ngwelwini sp. nov. from north to south are Pwe Hla Village, Thayeumin Cave, and Myintmahati Cave, Shan State.
FIGURE 3 in Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin
FIGURE 3. Graphics of statistical analyses among species of the south lineage. A. Principal component analysis (PCA). B. Discriminant function of principal components (DAPC). C. Boxplots of characters bearing significantly different mean values. Species pairs bearing significantly different mean values between them are listed above each plot. Abbreviations are in the Materials and methods.
FIGURE 11 in Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin
FIGURE 11. Color pattern variation among holotype, selected paratypes and a hatchling of Hemiphyllodactylus pinlaungensis sp. nov. from Pinlaung City, Shan State, Myanmar. A. Adult male holotype (LSUHC 14274). B. Adult female (LSUHC 14266). C. Adult female (LSUHC 14273). D. Adult female (LSUHC 14265). E. Adult female (LSUHC 14277). F. Hatchling (LSUHC 14258). Photographs by L. Lee Grismer.
FIGURE 10 in Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin
FIGURE 10. Natural and man-made microhabitat habitat of Hemiphyllodactylus kyaiktiyoensis sp. nov. from Kyaiktiyo Mountain, Mon State, Myanmar.
Data from: DNA metabarcoding diet analysis for species with parapatric versus sympatric distribution: a case study on subterranean rodents
Closely related sympatric species commonly develop different ecological strategies to avoid competition. Ctenomys minutus and C. flamarioni are subterranean rodents parapatrically distributed in the southern Brazilian coastal plain, showing a narrow sympatric zone. To gain understanding on food preferences and possible competition for food resources, we evaluated their diet composition performing DNA metabarcoding analyzes of 67 C. minutus and 100 C. flamarioni scat samples, collected along the species geographical ranges. Thirteen plant families, mainly represented by Poaceae, Araliaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae, were identified in the diet of C. minutus. For C. flamarioni, 10 families were recovered, with a predominance of Poaceae, Araliaceae and Asteraceae. A significant correlation between diet composition and geographical distance was detected in C. minutus, whereas the diet of C. flamarioni was quite homogeneous throughout its geographical distribution. No significant differences were observed between males and females of each species. However, differences in diet composition between species were evident according to multivariate analysis. Our results suggest some level of diet partitioning between C. flamarioni and C. minutus in the sympatric region. While the first species is more specialized on few plant items, the second showed a more varied and heterogeneous diet pattern among individuals. These differences might have been developed to avoid competition in the region of co-occurrence. Resource availability in the environment also seems to influence food choices. Our data indicate that C. minutus and C. flamarioni are generalist species, but that some preference for Poaceae, Asteraceae and Araliaceae families can be suggested for both rodents.
FIGURE 1 in Albula gilberti, a new species of bonefish (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from the eastern Pacific, and a description of adults of the parapatric A. esuncula
FIGURE 1. (A) Albula gilberti n. sp., holotype, 194 mm SL, 248 mm TL, CIAD 10–03/TB 03.ALG–36; (B) Albula esuncula, 194 mm SL, 249 mm TL, CIAD 10–03/TB 03.ALE–34.
FIGURE 2 in Albula gilberti, a new species of bonefish (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from the eastern Pacific, and a description of adults of the parapatric A. esuncula
FIGURE 2. Tooth patches in roof of mouth: (A) Albula gilberti n. sp., paratype CIAD 10–01/TB 01.ALG–30; (B) Albula esuncula, CIAD 10–03/TB 03.ALE–35. PS, parasphenoid; MP, mesopterygoids. Scale bars = 5 mm.
Distribution. Japan, mainly E Honshu and adjacent islands, as well as isolated populations in W Japan, including W Honshu (Hiwa Town, Kyoto City, and Kii Peninsula), Shikoku (Mt Ishizuchi, Mt Tsurugi, and Mt Ohtaki), and Shodoshima I; W limit of distribution on E Honshu is located across Ishikawa, Gifu, Nagano, and Shizuoka prefectures, where SmallJapanese Mole shows parapatric or mixed distribution with the Large Japanese Mole (M. wogura), a species distributed in W Japan. In Echigo Plain, Niigata Prefecture, the Small Japanese Mole is parapatric with the Echigo Mole (M. etigo). in Talpidae
Distribution. Japan, mainly E Honshu and adjacent islands, as well as isolated populations in W Japan, including W Honshu (Hiwa Town, Kyoto City, and Kii Peninsula), Shikoku (Mt Ishizuchi, Mt Tsurugi, and Mt Ohtaki), and Shodoshima I; W limit of distribution on E Honshu is located across Ishikawa, Gifu, Nagano, and Shizuoka prefectures, where SmallJapanese Mole shows parapatric or mixed distribution with the Large Japanese Mole (M. wogura), a species distributed in W Japan. In Echigo Plain, Niigata Prefecture, the Small Japanese Mole is parapatric with the Echigo Mole (M. etigo).
FIGURE 9 in A new cryptic species allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) (Squamata: Scincidae) from eastern Japan, and diagnoses of the new species and two parapatric congeners based on morphology and DNA barcode
FIGURE 9. Typical coloration of P. finitimus juveniles (live, anesthetized). Upper: KUZ R60220, lower: KUZ R60221.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.