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3 results for “parasite species richness”
Explosive networking: the role of adaptive host radiations and ecological opportunity in a species-rich host-parasite assembly
<p>Dataset for Cruz-Laufer et al. (2021) Explosive networking: the role of adaptive host radiations and ecological opportunity in a species-rich host-parasite assembly.</p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Many species-rich ecological communities emerge from adaptive radiation events. The effects of this explosive speciation on community assembly remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the well-documented radiations of African cichlid fishes and their interactions with the flatworm gill parasites <em>Cichlidogyrus </em>spp., including 10529 reported infections and 477 different host-parasite combinations collected through a survey of peer-reviewed literature. We assess how evolutionary, ecological, and morphological parameters determine host-parasite meta-communities affected by adaptive radiation events through network metrics, host repertoire measures, and network link prediction. The hosts’ evolutionary history mostly determined host repertoires of the parasites. Ecological and evolutionary parameters determined host-parasite interactions. Generally, ecological opportunity and fitting have shaped cichlid-<em>Cichlidogyrus</em> meta-communities suggesting an invasive potential for hosts used in aquaculture. Meta-communities affected by adaptive radiations are increasingly specialised with higher environmental stability. These trends should be verified across other systems to infer generalities in the evolution of species-rich host-parasite networks.</p>
Fig. 1 in (macro-) Evolutionary ecology of parasite diversity: From determinants of parasite species richness to host diversification
Fig. 1. Expression of the basic transmission rate (R0) for the case of microparasites (i.e. viruses) and macroparasites (i.e. helminths with direct transmission) (for derivations of these expressions see Morand and Deter, 2008), emphasizing the importance of two host traits, longevity and density, as likely determinants of parasite invasion and then parasite species richness. In the right panel, relationships showing that both density and longevity are in allometry with host body mass (after Brown, 1995).
Fig. 2 in (macro-) Evolutionary ecology of parasite diversity: From determinants of parasite species richness to host diversification
Fig. 2. (A) Variability of ectoparasite species richness among 113 families of mammals (20 orders) (data from Kim, 1985;see Poulin and Morand, 2004). (B) Ectoparasite species richness is related to mammal diversification. The statistical analysis follows Nunn et al. (2004), where the change in the number of descendent clades is related to the change in the number of ectoparasite species, estimated using a modified version of the independent contrast method (Agapow and Isaac, 2002), for each node of the mammal phylogeny (from Binida-Emonds et al., 2007).
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