Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 4 in Is parasite load dependent on host aggregation size? The case of the greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis (Mammalia: Chiroptera) and its parasitic mite Spinturnix myoti (Acari: Gamasida)

Fig. 4 Relationship between the size of bat maternity aggregation (a), percentage of forest cover (b), body condition index (c), and parasite infection of the examined bats in the Carpathians Mountains (2007).

Fig. 1 in Is parasite load dependent on host aggregation size? The case of the greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis (Mammalia: Chiroptera) and its parasitic mite Spinturnix myoti (Acari: Gamasida)

Fig. 1 Distribution of greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis) maternity aggregations (grey circles) and single founding individuals (black dots) in the Beskids (Carpathian Mountains, Poland). Data pooled from Kozakiewicz (2003), Szkudlarek et al. (2008), and our data. For the investigated maternity colonies, forested areas within a 10-km radius is shown

Fig. 3 in Is parasite load dependent on host aggregation size? The case of the greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis (Mammalia: Chiroptera) and its parasitic mite Spinturnix myoti (Acari: Gamasida)

Fig. 3 Proportions of protonymph (PN), deutonymph (DN), and adult (AD) stages of S. myoti mites, collected from Myotis myotis (bars), and the sex ratios of deutonymph and adult mites (circles)

Fig. 2 in Is parasite load dependent on host aggregation size? The case of the greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis (Mammalia: Chiroptera) and its parasitic mite Spinturnix myoti (Acari: Gamasida)

Fig. 2 Micrograph of the adult female Spinturnix myoti, dorsal view. Scanning electron microscopy image, original magnification ×40

Fig. 1 in Helminths in common eiders (Somateria mollissima): Sex, age, and migration have differential effects on parasite loads

Fig. 1. Distributions of breeding and wintering populations of S. m. borealis, S. m. dresseri, and S. m. sedentaria in North America and Greenland. Populations of S. m. borealis are wintering in two areas in the pictured region; one in Southwest Greenland and one in East Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador). Individuals wintering in Southwest Greenland migrate to breed in West Greenland or Arctic Canada, whereas individuals wintering in East Canada have breeding areas in Arctic Canada (illustrated by the different direction of the red diagonal lines). For S. m. dresseri the breeding and wintering ranges overlap in one area that covers Newfoundland and Labrador as well as the northeastern part of the US, as shown by the grey horizontal lines. The subspecies S. m. sedentaria has its year-round residence in the Hudson Bay area as shown by the blue vertical lines. Dark stars mark the sampling locations of eiders in this study, whereas the white star marks the sampling location of eiders by Tourangeau et al. (2018). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in Helminths in common eiders (Somateria mollissima): Sex, age, and migration have differential effects on parasite loads

Fig. 3. Prevalences of the cestodes Lateriporus sp. (A) and Microsomacanthus spp. (B), and the acanthocephalan Profilicollis sp. (C) in common eiders. Abbreviations: bor, CD = S. m. borealis, Cape Dorset; bor, GRLD = S. m. borealis, Greenland; bor, NFLD = S. m. borealis, Newfoundland; dre, NFLD = S. m. dresseri, Newfoundland; sed, BI = S. m. sedentaria [data published in Tourangeau et al. (2018)]. n-m = non-migratory, po-m = post-migratory, prm = pre-migratory. Letters describe significant differences between groups: if two groups share a letter, there is no significant difference in their prevalences.

Fig. 2 in Helminths in common eiders (Somateria mollissima): Sex, age, and migration have differential effects on parasite loads

Fig. 2. Examples of gastrointestinal parasites retrieved from common eiders in this study. (A) The trematode Notocotylus sp., (B) the cestode Lateriporus sp., (C) the acanthocephalan, Profilicollis sp. (D) microphallid trematodes, and (E) Microsomacanthus spp. cestodes.

Fig. 5 in Helminths in common eiders (Somateria mollissima): Sex, age, and migration have differential effects on parasite loads

Fig. 5. Cumulative percentages of birds infected with (A) Microsomacanthus spp., (B) Microphallus spp. and (C) Gymnophallus spp. from five different locations. Legend denotes the five infection levels: 0, 1s, 10s, 100s, and 1000s of parasite individuals within a single host. Abbreviations: bor, GRLD = S. m. borealis, Greenland; bor, NFLD = S. m. borealis, Newfoundland; dre, NFLD = S. m. dresseri, Newfoundland; bor, CD = S. m. borealis, Cape Dorset; sed, BI = S. m. sedentaria, Belcher Islands [data published in (Tourangeau et al., 2018)]. nm = non-migratory, po-m = post-migratory, pr-m = pre-migratory.

Fig. 5 in Ascaridoid parasites in European sardine throughout the annual cycle: Variability in parasitic load according to host stock features

Fig. 5. Plot of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) individuals by total length (cm) and its correlation with the number of ascaridoids. Orange: FAO Division 27.9. a Portuguese Waters - East; blue: GSA 1 Alboran; light grey: GSA 6 Northern Spain; electric blue: GSA 17 Northern Adriatic; pink: GSA 22 Aegean. The red dotted line shows the lowest sardine size parasitised; the black dotted line indicates the critical length from which the differences in the number of parasites cease to be significant. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3. A in Ascaridoid parasites in European sardine throughout the annual cycle: Variability in parasitic load according to host stock features

Fig. 3. A. General picture of the Spearman correlation matrixes among the European sardine's (Sardina pilchardus) condition indices, including the abundance of ascaridoid nematodes in the parasitised stocks (Atlantic, Northern Spain and Northern Adriatic). Total length (TL; cm), relative condition index (Kn), tissue fat content (%), mesenteric fat scale, gonadosomatic index (GSI; %), and hepatosomatic index (HSI; %) were related among each other and with the number of parasites per fish. The colour gradient from maroon to dark blue corresponds to the correlation with strength, from negative to positive, respectively. The empty squares represent a nonsignificant correlation according to a p value of <0.05*. B. Annual trends of tissue fat content (%) and GSI (%). Orange: FAO Division 27.9. a Portuguese Waters - East; blue: GSA 1 Alboran; light grey: GSA 6 Northern Spain; electric blue: GSA 17 Northern Adriatic; pink: GSA 22 Aegean. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Ascaridoid parasites in European sardine throughout the annual cycle: Variability in parasitic load according to host stock features

Fig. 1. Map of the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) stocks sampled along its distribution (in dark grey) by subareas (FAO divisions in the Atlantic and GFCM - GSAs (into FAO Major Fishing Area 37 in the Mediterranean)). Orange: FAO Division 27.9. a Portuguese Waters - East; blue: GSA 1 Alboran; light grey: GSA 6 Northern Spain; electric blue: GSA 17 Northern Adriatic; pink: GSA 22 Aegean. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Ascaridoid parasites in European sardine throughout the annual cycle: Variability in parasitic load according to host stock features

Fig. 2. Ascaridoid nematodes observed under the UV-press method. A) A specimen of Anisakis simplex (s.s.) and B) four individuals of Hysterothylacium aduncum found in sardines from the Atlantic stock (FAO Division 27.9. a Portuguese Waters – East).

Fig. 4. A in Ascaridoid parasites in European sardine throughout the annual cycle: Variability in parasitic load according to host stock features

Fig. 4. A. Seasonal variations in the frequency of the reproductive developmental stages (those defined by Brown-Peterson et al., 2011) of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) in the stocks analysed. B. Presence and absence of parasitism by reproductive developmental stage in the stocks with ascaridoids prevalence. Atlantic: FAO Division 27.9. a Portuguese Waters - East; Alboran: GSA 1; Northern Spain: GSA 6; Northern Adriatic: GSA 17; Aegean: GSA 22. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Data for: Ornaments indicate parasite load only if they are dynamic, or parasites are contagious

Choosing to mate with an infected partner has several potential fitness costs, including disease transmission and infection-induced reductions in fecundity and parental care. By instead choosing a mate with no, or few, parasites, animals avoid these costs and may also obtain resistance genes for offspring. Within a population, then, the quality of sexually selected ornaments on which mate choice is based should correlate negatively with the number of parasites with which a host is infected ('parasite load'). However, the hundreds of tests of this prediction yield positive, negative, or no correlation between parasite load and ornament quality. Here, we use phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis of 424 correlations from 142 studies on a wide range of host and parasite taxa to evaluate explanations for this ambiguity. We found that ornament quality is weakly negatively correlated with parasite load overall, but the relationship is more strongly negative among ornaments that can dynamically change in quality, such as behavioral displays and skin pigmentation, and thus can accurately reflect current parasite load. The relationship was also more strongly negative among parasites that can transmit during sex. Thus, the direct benefit of avoiding parasite transmission may be a key driver of parasite-mediated sexual selection. No other moderators, including methodological details and whether males exhibit parental care, explained the substantial heterogeneity in our dataset. We hope to stimulate research that more inclusively considers the many and varied ways in which parasites, sexual selection, and epidemiology intersect.