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260 results for “parthenogenetic”
Figure 5 in Cytological evidence for automictic thelytoky in parthenogenetic oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida): Synaptonemal complexes confirm meiosis in Archegozetes longisetosus
Figure 5 Archegozetes longisetosus. Peripheral oocyte of a tritonymph, showing oocyte extension and dense bundle of microtubuli passing the vicinity of the nuclear envelope. Nuclear envelope with numerous nuclear pores. Abbreviations: MT: microtubuli, NP: nuclear pores.
Figure 4 in Cytological evidence for automictic thelytoky in parthenogenetic oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida): Synaptonemal complexes confirm meiosis in Archegozetes longisetosus
Figure 4 Archegozetes longisetosus.Ovary of a 5 day old tritonymph: a – Overview, parasagittal plane; b – detail of central region; c – detail
Figure 3 in Cytological evidence for automictic thelytoky in parthenogenetic oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida): Synaptonemal complexes confirm meiosis in Archegozetes longisetosus
Figure 3 Archegozetes longisetosus.Synaptonemal complexes in oocytes of a two day old tritonymph: a-c: Three pachytene nuclei; d-g details: Synaptonemal complexes in longitudinal (d), (e), and transversal (f), (g) section. Abbreviations: CE: central element, LE: lateral element, SC: synaptonemal complex, TE: transversal element.
Figure 2 in Cytological evidence for automictic thelytoky in parthenogenetic oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida): Synaptonemal complexes confirm meiosis in Archegozetes longisetosus
Figure 2 Archegozetes longisetosus.Germ cells in meiotic prophase of a two day old tritonymph: a – Pachytene cell with SC attached to the nuclear envelope; b – putative later stage with prominent nucleoli, from more peripheral region of the ovary. Abbreviations: AP: attachment
Figure 6 in Cytological evidence for automictic thelytoky in parthenogenetic oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida): Synaptonemal complexes confirm meiosis in Archegozetes longisetosus
Figure 6 Archegozetes longisetosus: a – Vitellogenetic oocyte from the ovary of an adult female; b – Nuclear envelope with numerous nuclear
Figure 1 in Cytological evidence for automictic thelytoky in parthenogenetic oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida): Synaptonemal complexes confirm meiosis in Archegozetes longisetosus
Figure 1 Archegozetes longisetosus.Overview of the arrangement of germ cells and somatic tissue in the ovary of a two day old tritonymph: a – Rostro-medially; b – centrally in the ovary. Abbreviations: BL: basal lamina, NP: nuclear pores, OE: oocyte extension, SC: synaptonemal complex, ST: somatic tissue.
Data from: Do pheromones contribute to the persistence of asexual populations in a facultatively parthenogenetic stick insect?
<p>Facultative parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction in which females can either lay unfertilised eggs that typically develop into female offspring only, or mate and lay fertilised eggs that develop into male and female offspring. Facultative parthenogens often occur in mixed-sex populations where reproduction is mostly sexual, and all-female populations where reproduction is asexual. How all-female populations avoid invasion by males remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of volatile and non-volatile (cuticular hydrocarbons, CHCs) pheromones in the persistence of all-female populations in the facultatively parthenogenetic stick insect, <em>Megacrania </em><em>batesii</em>. We found that <em>M. batesii</em> exhibits slight sexual dimorphism in antenna morphology, and behavioural assays provided little evidence that males could locate females solely by volatile pheromones. However, CHC profiles differed substantially between different types of females. Analysis of CHC structure and abundance indicated a clear genetic difference between females from all-female versus mixed-sex populations, as well as a maternal effect of female parthenogenesis versus sexual development. Together, our results suggest that males might rely more on close-range chemical cues to differentiate females, and chemical communication could play a role in the persistence of all-female populations.</p>
Does ecology shape geographical parthenogenesis? Evidence from the facultatively parthenogenetic stick insect Megacrania batesii
<p>Closely related sexual and parthenogenetic species often show distinct distribution patterns, known as geographical parthenogenesis. These patterns, characterized by a mosaic of separate sexual and parthenogenetic populations across their natural range, can also be found in facultative parthenogens – species in which every female is capable of both sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction. The underlying mechanisms driving this phenomenon in nature remain unclear. Features of the habitat, such as differences in host plant phenotypes or niche breadth, could favour sexual or asexual reproductive modes and thus help to explain geographical parthenogenesis in natural insect populations. <em>Megacrania batesii</em> is a facultatively parthenogenetic stick insect that displays geographical parthenogenesis in the wild. We aimed to explore whether sexual and parthenogenetic populations of <em>M. batesii</em> displayed niche differentiation or variations in niche breadth that could explain the separation of the two population types. To do this, we sampled host plants from across the range of <em>M. batesii</em> and quantified phenotypic traits that might affect palatability or accessibility for <em>M. batesii</em>, including leaf thickness, toughness, spike size and density, height, and chemical composition. We also quantified host plant density, which could affect <em>M. batesii</em> dispersal. We found little evidence of phenotypic differences between host plants supporting sexual versus asexual <em>M. batesii</em> populations, and no difference in host-plant density or niche breadth between the two population types. Our results suggest that habitat parameters do not play a substantial role in shaping patterns of geographical parthenogenesis in wild populations of <em>M. batesii</em>. Instead, population sex ratio variation could result from interactions between the sexes or dispersal dynamics.</p>
Fig. 2 in Comparative Analysis Of Fecundity In Related Amphimictic Aporrectodea Caliginosa And Apomictic A. Trapezoides Earthworms, And The Problem Of Reproductive Advantages Of Parthenogenetic Animals
Fig. 2. Mean number of cocoons per one mature specimen in close parthenogenetic (A. trapezoides) and amphimictic (A. caliginosa) earthworm species during the reproduction season of 2019.
Fig. 1 in Comparative Analysis Of Fecundity In Related Amphimictic Aporrectodea Caliginosa And Apomictic A. Trapezoides Earthworms, And The Problem Of Reproductive Advantages Of Parthenogenetic Animals
Fig. 1. Mean number of cocoons per one mature specimen in close parthenogenetic (A. trapezoides) and amphimictic (A. caliginosa) earthworm species during the reproduction season of 2018.
Fig. 4 in The Role Of Different Mollusk Species In Maintaining The Transmission Of Polyhostal Trematode Species In Ukrainian Polissya Waters: The Specificity Of Trematode Parthenogenetic Generations To Mollusk Hosts
Fig. 4. The distribution of olygoxenic three-host trematode species in the parthenitae host species of mollusks: A — E. stantschinskii; B — P. ovata; C — C. cornutus; D — T. clavata.
Fig. 3 in The Role Of Different Mollusk Species In Maintaining The Transmission Of Polyhostal Trematode Species In Ukrainian Polissya Waters: The Specificity Of Trematode Parthenogenetic Generations To Mollusk Hosts
Fig. 3. The distribution of polyxenic trematode species in the parthenitae host species of mollusks: A — H. conoideum; B — E. recurvatum.
Fig. 6 in The Role Of Different Mollusk Species In Maintaining The Transmission Of Polyhostal Trematode Species In Ukrainian Polissya Waters: The Specificity Of Trematode Parthenogenetic Generations To Mollusk Hosts
Fig. 6. The distribution of olygoxenic two-host trematode species in the parthenitae host species of mollusks: A — P. ichikawai; B — D. subclavatus; C — F. hepatica; D — L. constantinovae; E — A. imitans.
Fig. 2 in The Role Of Different Mollusk Species In Maintaining The Transmission Of Polyhostal Trematode Species In Ukrainian Polissya Waters: The Specificity Of Trematode Parthenogenetic Generations To Mollusk Hosts
Fig. 2. The distribution of olygoxenic three-host trematode species in the parthenitae host species of mollusks: A — H. cylindracea; B — H. variegatus; C — E. aconiatum; D — E. revolutum.
Fig. 5 in The Role Of Different Mollusk Species In Maintaining The Transmission Of Polyhostal Trematode Species In Ukrainian Polissya Waters: The Specificity Of Trematode Parthenogenetic Generations To Mollusk Hosts
Fig. 5. The distribution of polyxenic trematode species in the parthenitae host species of mollusks: A — N. attentuatus; B — L. scotiae.
Data from: What ecological factors favor parthenogenesis over sexual reproduction? A study on the facultatively parthenogenetic mayfly Alainites muticus in natural populations
<p>Different reproductive modes are characterized by costs and benefits which depend on ecological contexts. For example, sex can provide benefits under complex biotic interactions, while its costs increase under mate limitation. Furthermore, ecological contexts often vary along abiotic gradients. Here, we study how these factors simultaneously influence the frequency of sex in the facultatively parthenogenetic mayfly Alainites muticus . We first verified that parthenogenesis translates into female-biased population sex ratios. We then measured the density of individuals (a proxy for mate limitation) and community diversity (biotic interaction complexity) for 159 A. muticus populations covering a broad altitudinal gradient and used structural equation modeling to investigate their direct and indirect influences on sex ratios. We found no effect of community diversity or altitude on sex ratios. Furthermore, even when females can reproduce parthenogenetically, they generally reproduce sexually, indicating that the benefits of sex exceed its costs in most situations. Sex ratios only become female-biased under low population densities, as expected if mate limitation was the main factor selecting for parthenogenesis. Mate limitation might be widespread in mayflies because of their short adult lifespan and limited dispersal, which can generate strong selection for reproductive assurance and may provide a stepping-stone towards obligate parthenogenesis.</p>
Fig. 1 in Potential geographic distributions of two parthenogenetic weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) associated with citrus in Argentina and Brazil
Fig. 1. Binary maps of the ecological niche models for 2 parthenogenetic weevils. (A) Parapantomorus fluctuosus; (B) Pantomorus cinerosus. Potential distributions are shown in red and occurrence records used in the model are in white circles.
Рис. 1. Daphnia (D.) curvirostris. Партеногенетическая самка: А — гоΛова с боковой стороны, Б — постабΑомен Fig. 1. Daphnia (D.) curvirostris. Parthenogenetic female: А — head, lateral view, Б — postabdomen, lateral view in Zooplankton species diversity in technogenic reservoirs of the Southeastern Transbaikalia
Рис. 1. Daphnia (D.) curvirostris. Партеногенетическая самка: А — гоΛова с боковой стороны, Б — постабΑомен Fig. 1. Daphnia (D.) curvirostris. Parthenogenetic female: А — head, lateral view, Б — postabdomen, lateral view
Figure 1 Cladoxerus cryphaleus. A in Bionomic notes on parthenogenetic females and a record of parasitism by Forcipomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the stick insect Cladoxerus cryphaleus (Westwood) (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae)
Figure 1 Cladoxerus cryphaleus. A. Adult female in a branch of Calliandra sp., inside a box, illustrating how the specimens were kept in captivity.B–C. Male in pre-imaginal instar parasitized by a specimen of Forcipomyia (Microhelea) sp. (Ceratopogonidae), whole body (B) and detail of the parasite attached to the head (C).
Figure 6 in Ecological surveys on the parthenogenetic Artemia populations in the hypersaline lakes of Anatolia, Turkey
Figure 6. Seasonal fluctuations in densities (ind. m–3) of Artemia and percentage of individuals subdivided in different age classes from Acıgöl Lake.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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