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22 results for “patch scale”
Data and script for "On the emergence of ecosystem decay: a critical assessment of patch area effects across spatial scales"
<p>Data and R script necessary to replicate the results of Riva et al. 2024 ("On the emergence of ecosystem decay: a critical assessment of patch area effects across spatial scales"; minor revisions, Biological Conservation).</p>
Dataset from: Small-scale patches of detritus as habitat for invertebrates within a Zostera noltei meadow
<p>This dataset is related to "Small-scale patches of detritus as habitat for invertebrates within a <em>Zostera noltei</em> meadow" (Valentina Costa, Renato Chemello, Davide Iaciofano, Sabrina Lo Brutto, Francesca Rossi)</p>
Data from: Mean landscape-scale incidence of species in discrete habitats is patch size dependent
<p>Contains data and code for the manuscript 'Mean landscape-scale incidence of species in discrete habitats is patch size dependent'.</p> <p>Raw data consist of 202 published datasets collated from primary and secondary (e.g., government technical reports) sources. These sources summarise metacommunity structure for different taxonomic groups (birds, invertebrates, non-avian vertebrates or plants) in different types of discrete metacommunities including 'true' islands (i.e., inland, continental or oceanic archipelagos), habitat islands (e.g., ponds, wetlands, sky islands) and fragments (e.g., forest/woodland or grass/shrubland habitat remnants). </p> <p>The aim of the study was to test whether the size of a habitat patch influences the mean incidences of species within it, relative to the incidence of all species across the landscape. In other words, whether high-incidence (widespread) or low-incidence (narrow-range) species are found more often than expected in smaller or larger patches. To achieve this, a new standardized effect size metric was developed that quantifies the mean observed incidence of all species present in every patch (the geometric mean of the number of patches in which all species were observed) and compares this with an expectation based on re-sampling the incidences of all species in all patches. Meta-regression of the 202 datasets was used to test the relationship between this metric, the 'mean species landscape-scale incidences per patch' (MSLIP), and the size of habitat patches, and for differences in response among metacommunity types and taxonomic groups. </p>
Text-fig. 5. Plant fragments from Govone with evidence of preserved cuticle. a: Decussate pair of leaves of "Thuja" saviana (C.T.GAUDIN) C.T.GAUDIN with a window (arrow) opened in the brownish cuticle, showing the yellowish mesophyll cells and some possible resin canals (dark), MGPT-PU141094. b: Angiosperm leaf fragment (from sample MGPT-PU141017) under the stereomicroscope, showing the blackish compressed mesophyll on the right and patches of cleaned, yellowish cuticle at the top (arrow). Scale bar 1 mm. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 5. Plant fragments from Govone with evidence of preserved cuticle. a: Decussate pair of leaves of "Thuja" saviana (C.T.GAUDIN) C.T.GAUDIN with a window (arrow) opened in the brownish cuticle, showing the yellowish mesophyll cells and some possible resin canals (dark), MGPT-PU141094. b: Angiosperm leaf fragment (from sample MGPT-PU141017) under the stereomicroscope, showing the blackish compressed mesophyll on the right and patches of cleaned, yellowish cuticle at the top (arrow). Scale bar 1 mm.
Grazing-related nitrous oxide emissions: from patch scale to field scale - Dataset
<p>Dataset presented and referenced in the corresponding Biogeosciences publication by Voglmeier et al. (2019) [see Related identifiers]. The dataset results from a field experiment in Posieux, Switzerland. During that experiment N2O emissions of two pasture systems were measured over an entire grazing season in 2016. Field scale emissions were quantified using the eddy covariance method while small scale emissions from excreta and background patches were measured with the fast-box technique. The spreadsheet file contains half-hourly values of measured soil and meteo data. A second sheet contains information about the processed fast-box fluxes. Detailed information on the measurement methods and the data evaluation is presented in Voglmeier et al. (2019).</p>
Data from: Mean landscape-scale incidence of species in discrete habitats is patch size dependent
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Community patch‐dynamics governs direct and indirect nutrient recycling by aggregated animals across spatial scales
<p>Animals can have pervasive effects on ecosystems as they modify their biogeochemical and physical environments. In particular, when animals occur in high densities these effects can result in dramatic changes in the physical environment and biogeochemical hotspots or hot moments. While most research to date has focused on the direct role of animals in biogeochemical cycles, few have examined how animals indirectly influence biogeochemical cycles across scales.</p> <p>Freshwater mussels occur as spatially heterogeneous, dense and species-rich aggregations in many river ecosystems worldwide. Here we examined how mussel communities (1) directly influence the flux of particulate and dissolved nutrients and (2) indirectly effect the flux of N<sub>2</sub> production, via denitrification, across a gradient of mussel biomass and differences in community composition at the patch- (0.25 m<sup>2</sup>) and stream reach-scales (60-80 m).</p> <p>We combined measurements of ammonia (N) and soluble reactive phosphorous (P) excretion and C, N, and P biodeposition rates for ten species with biomass and distribution estimates for seven mixed-species aggregations to quantify direct mussel contributions to biogeochemical cycling and the spatial heterogeneity of their impact. Additionally, we sampled sediments at a fine spatial scale to determine how mussel biomass and richness influence potential denitrification (indirect flux) rates at the patch- and reach-scales.</p> <p>We predicted that increasing mussel biomass would lead to greater direct and indirect fluxes of nutrients, manifesting in heterogeneous nutrient redistribution within and among stream reaches. We also predicted that variation in community composition would result in differential nutrient excretion and egestion stoichiometries.</p> <p>Our results indicate that mussel aggregations directly influence soluble and particulate nutrient fluxes with community composition, particularly phylogenetic tribe composition, controlling the stoichiometry. Mussel aggregations also indirectly influenced nutrient fluxes as greater mussel biomass and species richness resulted in higher denitrification rates as mediated by their interactions with the sediments and enhancement of nutrient availability. Our results underscore the importance of patchy communities in acting as biogeochemical control points.</p>
Data for: At a fine scale, hardwood patches support wildlife diversity in longleaf pine woodlands
<p>Restoring and maintaining biodiversity in a changing world is increasingly challenging due to the competing needs of species for suitable space and resources. One ecosystem that has seen considerable anthropogenic changes in extent and structure is the longleaf pine (<em>Pinus</em> <em>palustris</em>) ecosystem. Understanding how wildlife responds to restoration is important to informing forest restoration and conservation. We monitored game birds and mid-large-sized mammal occupancy in and around hardwood patches embedded within a longleaf pine woodland at The Jones Center at Ichauway in Newton, GA. We found that 11 species use the transition zone between the longleaf pine and hardwood hammocks. Gray squirrels (<em>Sciurus</em> <em>carolinensis</em>), Virginia opossums (<em>Didelphis</em> <em>virginiana</em>), nine-banded armadillos (<em>Dasypus</em> <em>novemcinctus</em>) occupancy increased along the gradient while and fox squirrel (<em>Sciurus</em> <em>niger</em>) declined. Our results suggest that oak patches and transitional zones are important to maintaining biodiversity within the longleaf pine ecosystem.</p>
Data for: At a fine scale, hardwood patches support wildlife diversity in longleaf pine woodlands
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Data from: Matrix context and patch quality jointly determine diversity in a landscape-scale experiment
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Data from: Isolating the role of the matrix at patch and landscape scales
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Community patch‐dynamics governs direct and indirect nutrient recycling by aggregated animals across spatial scales
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Automated Patch Assessment for Program Repair at Scale
<p>In this package, we share 257 patches from Dcorrect and 381 patches from Doverfitting.</p> <p>We also a script used in our experiment for doing sanity checks and automated patch assessments.</p> <p> </p> <p>If you use this dataset, please cite:</p> <pre><code>@Article{Ye2021EMSE, author = {Ye, He and Martinez, Matias and Monperrus, Martin}, title = "Automated Patch Assessment for Program Repair at Scale", journal="Empirical Software Engineering", volume = "26", issn = "1573-7616", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-020-09920-w", year = "2021" } </code></pre> <p> </p>
Data from: Experimental small-scale flower patches increase species density but not abundance of small urban bees
1. Large flower plantings are often used to combat negative effects of habitat loss on pollinators, but whether these floral additions are effective at smaller scales remains unclear, particularly in urban settings. 2. To test the effectiveness of small-scale floral additions on enhancing urban bee populations, as well as their impact from one year to the next, different quantities of potted sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima) flowers were placed across sites in Ann Arbor, Michigan for two consecutive years and the resulting Halictid bee visitors were monitored. 3. Overall we found the number of flowers added at the local level was significantly and positively correlated with small Halictid bee abundance and species density in an urban landscape. At smaller flower quantities dynamics were clearly linear, where incremental increases in number of flowers showed significant increases in bee abundance and species density. At larger quantities of floral additions, however, dynamics were nonlinear in that incremental increases in flower quantity had no effect on bee abundance and highly variable effects on bee species density. 4. When comparing the change in small Halictid bee abundance and species density from one year to the next, we found a significant increase in bee species density in the second year of small-scale floral additions, but no significant difference in bee abundance. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that small flower plantings can have positive effects on small bee communities in urban systems even over a short period of time, and therefore confirm that encouraging citizens to plant flowers can be an effective conservation strategy for certain urban pollinator populations. In addition, our finding that smaller flower plantings may have higher impacts on small pollinators than larger plantings suggests resource managers interested in pollinator conservation should consider spreading multiple, smaller floral plantings across the urban landscape, rather than pooling all resources into one large flower patch.29-Nov-2017
Island biogeography at the meso-scale: distance from forest edge affects choice of patch size by ovipositing treefrogs
<p>Diversity in habitat patches is partly driven by variation in patch size, which affects extinction, and isolation, which affects immigration. Patch size also affects immigration as a component of patch quality. In wetland ecosystems, where variation in patch size and inter-patch distance is ubiquitous, relationships between size and isolation may involve trade-offs. We assayed treefrog oviposition at three patch sizes in arrays of two types, one where size increased with distance from forest (dispersed), and one with all patches equidistant from forest (equidistant), testing directly for an interaction between patch size and distance, which was highly significant. Medium patches in dispersed arrays received more eggs than those in equidistant arrays as use of typically preferred larger patches was reduced in dispersed arrays. Our results demonstrate a habitat selection trade-off between preferred large and less-preferred medium patches across small-scale variation in isolation. Such patch size/isolation relationships are critical to community assembly and to understanding how diversity is maintained within a metapopulation and metacommunity framework, especially as wetland habitat becomes increasingly rare and fragmented. These results bring lessons of Island Biogeography, writ large, to bear on questions at small scales where ecologists often work, and where habitat restoration is most often focused.</p>
Cations make a difference: Soil nutrient patches and fine-scale root abundance of individual species in a mountain grassland
<p><span>1. Root densities in the field vary at the centimetre scale, but we have no information </span><span>on </span><span>whether this variation is linked to variation in nutrient concentrations and availability. Roots of many species are able to proliferate in nutrient-rich patches in controlled conditions in culture, but because data on nutrient concentrations and, in particular, on their temporal stability in the field are scarce, we do not know to what extent root distribution in the soil bears traces of such a response.</span></p> <p><span>2. Here</span><span>,</span><span> we linked </span><span>centimetre</span><span>-scale measurements of soil nutrient concentrations over a period of 6 weeks with estimation of root biomass and its species composition at the same points to determine whether there is any association between the two. In addition to phosphorus, nitrate and ammonium, we determined</span><span> the</span><span> concentrations of metal cations (magnesium, calcium and potassium). We used qPCR to determine</span><span> the</span><span> quantities of individual species in the root biomass samples.</span></p> <p><span>3. We found that calcium and magnesium (and to a lesser degree phosphorus and potassium) showed fine-scale patchiness that was stable over the duration of the study (6 weeks) and </span><span>was</span><span> consistent over all these elements. Nutrient patches were associated with high root biomass and </span><span>the </span><span>occurrence of roots of several species. Such patches are formed primarily by elements with known low mobility in soil (cations, phosphorus). In contrast, nitrogen ions showed overwhelmingly high temporal variation with no relationship between root density and nitrogen concentration.</span></p> <p><span>4. Soil nutrient concentrations thus constitute a multidimensional signal. Some elements strongly </span><span>vary</span><span> in time, while some are much more stable and thus form stable patches that permit root response over periods of weeks or months. Among them, calcium and magnesium play an important role in forming soil heterogeneity at a scale comparable to the scale at which fine root densities also vary. As these cations affect a number of plant functions, their association with higher root densities confirms their role in growth dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems.</span></p>
Data from: Interspecific interference competition at the resource patch scale: do large herbivores spatially avoid elephants while accessing water?
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Data from: Experimental small-scale flower patches increase species density but not abundance of small urban bees
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Cations make a difference: Soil nutrient patches and fine-scale root abundance of individual species in a mountain grassland
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Island biogeography at the meso-scale: distance from forest edge affects choice of patch size by ovipositing treefrogs
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.