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22 results for “pectoral girdle”
Text-fig. 12. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. a, b: photograph and drawing of four ridge scales in front of the dorsal fin base, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 80178, scale bars 5 mm; c: scale rows from the area between the pectoral and pelvic fins, outer surfaces of the scales bear fine ridges terminating as denticles on the posterior edge of the scales, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scale, from anterior area of the lateral side of the body, with denticulated posterior edge, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30945, scale bar 2 mm; e: isolated scale from the pelvic area of the body, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30945, scale bar 2 mm; f, g: drawing and photograph of the postcleithrum and the scales behind the pectoral girdle (the scales bear conspicuous ridges on their outer surface; well preserved large postcleithrum is without ridges.), locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4915, scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cl – cleithrum, Pcl – postcleithrum, Scl – supracleithrum. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 12. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. a, b: photograph and drawing of four ridge scales in front of the dorsal fin base, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 80178, scale bars 5 mm; c: scale rows from the area between the pectoral and pelvic fins, outer surfaces of the scales bear fine ridges terminating as denticles on the posterior edge of the scales, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scale, from anterior area of the lateral side of the body, with denticulated posterior edge, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30945, scale bar 2 mm; e: isolated scale from the pelvic area of the body, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30945, scale bar 2 mm; f, g: drawing and photograph of the postcleithrum and the scales behind the pectoral girdle (the scales bear conspicuous ridges on their outer surface; well preserved large postcleithrum is without ridges.), locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4915, scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cl – cleithrum, Pcl – postcleithrum, Scl – supracleithrum.
Fig. 6 in Functional morphology and biomechanics of the cynodont Trucidocynodon riograndensis from the Triassic of Southern Brazil: Pectoral girdle and forelimb
Fig. 6. Movements in the left shoulder and elbow of Trucidocynodon riograndensis. Maximal (A) and minimal (B) humeral adduction, in dorsal view; humeral protraction in lateral view (C), humeral rotation in anterior view (D); elbow flexion in lateral view (E), medial translation of ulna during elbow flexion in anterior view (F). Darker shaded steps, in E and F the radius was not figured.
Fig. 5 in Functional morphology and biomechanics of the cynodont Trucidocynodon riograndensis from the Triassic of Southern Brazil: Pectoral girdle and forelimb
Fig. 5. Movements in the pectoral girdle of Trucidocynodon riograndensis. Right clavicle/interclavicle articulation, in ventral view, front upward (A); right clavicle/scapulocoracoid articulation, in dorsal (B), anterior (C), and lateral (D) views.
Fig. 4 in Functional morphology and biomechanics of the cynodont Trucidocynodon riograndensis from the Triassic of Southern Brazil: Pectoral girdle and forelimb
Fig. 4. Muscular reconstruction of pectoral region and forelimb of Trucidocynodon riograndensis in lateral (A) and ventral (B) views (only the muscles discussed in the text are labeled).
Fig. 2 in Functional morphology and biomechanics of the cynodont Trucidocynodon riograndensis from the Triassic of Southern Brazil: Pectoral girdle and forelimb
Fig. 2. The holotype of the non-mammalian cynodont Trucidocynodon riograndensis Oliveira, Soares, and Schultz, 2010 (UFRGS PV-1051-T) from Carnian (Upper Triassic) of Agudo municipality, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Fig. 1. A in Functional morphology and biomechanics of the cynodont Trucidocynodon riograndensis from the Triassic of Southern Brazil: Pectoral girdle and forelimb
Fig. 1. A. Map of South America with the state of Rio Grande do Sul shaded. B. Location of the Agudo municipality (arrow) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, where Middle and Upper Triassic rocks crop out. C. Sequence stratigraphy of Brazilian rocks containing Triassic vertebrates, with the Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone highlighted (modified from Horn et al. 2014).
Fig. 3 in Functional morphology and biomechanics of the cynodont Trucidocynodon riograndensis from the Triassic of Southern Brazil: Pectoral girdle and forelimb
Fig. 3. Pectoral appendicular skeleton of non-mammalian cynodont Trucidocynodon riograndensis Oliveira, Soares, and Schultz, 2010 (UFRGS PV- 1051-T) from Carnian (Upper Triassic) of Agudo municipality, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A–D. Pectoral girdle; right scapulocoracoid in lateral A) and ventral (D) views; right clavicle in dorsal view (C); interclavicle in ventral view (B). E–J. Forelimb; left humerus in anterior (E) and posterior F) views (F1, photograph; F2, interpretation of the attachment areas of some muscles); right ulna (G) and right radius (H) in lateral view; right hand in dorsal view (I). J. Reconstruction of the hand in dorsal (J1) and lateral (J2) views (gray-shaded bones were not preserved; the black bar in J2 represents the potential orientation of the forearm bones).
Fig. 7 in Functional morphology and biomechanics of the cynodont Trucidocynodon riograndensis from the Triassic of Southern Brazil: Pectoral girdle and forelimb
Fig. 7. Locomotory cycle of the right forelimb of Trucidocynodon riograndensis, in lateral (A) and anterior (B) views. The cycle begins with the leftmost image and its phases are those described in the text.
FIGURE 17 in Soft-tissue anatomy of the Plesiosaur pectoral girdle inferred from basal Eosauropterygia taxa and the extant phylogenetic bracket
FIGURE 17. Comparison of pectoral girdle musculature reconstruction between this study and previously published reconstructions.
FIGURE 16. M. costocoracoideus. Reconstruction for Neusticosaurus 1 in Soft-tissue anatomy of the Plesiosaur pectoral girdle inferred from basal Eosauropterygia taxa and the extant phylogenetic bracket
FIGURE 16. M. costocoracoideus. Reconstruction for Neusticosaurus 1 in anterior view, 2 in ventral view, 3 in lateral view, 4 fleshed-out muscle reconstruction and 5 complete skeletal reconstruction in lateral view. Reconstruction for Ceresiosaurus 6 in anterior view, 7 in ventral view, 8 in lateral view, 9 fleshed-out muscle reconstruction and 10 complete skeletal reconstruction in lateral view. Reconstruction for Rhomaleosaurus 11 in anterior view, 12 in ventral view, 13 in lateral view, 14 fleshed-out muscle reconstruction and 15 complete skeletal reconstruction in lateral view.
FIGURE 1 in Soft-tissue anatomy of the Plesiosaur pectoral girdle inferred from basal Eosauropterygia taxa and the extant phylogenetic bracket
FIGURE 1. Three topological hypotheses for the evolution of the pectoral girdle elements from the basal neodiapsid condition to basal eosauropterygian condition are depicted in two-dimensions. Large black dot – glenoid; Small black dot – coracoid foramen; A- anterior margin of the coracoid; M-medial margin of the coracoid; CL – clavicle; INCL – interclavicle; SC – scapula; ST – sternum.
FIGURE 3 in Soft-tissue anatomy of the Plesiosaur pectoral girdle inferred from basal Eosauropterygia taxa and the extant phylogenetic bracket
FIGURE 3. Muscle reconstruction of the pectoral girdle musculature of the Eosauropterygia using data from the extant phylogenetic bracket, the fossil record and developmental patterns.
FIGURE 5. M. subcoracoscapularis. Reconstruction for Neusticosaurus 1 in Soft-tissue anatomy of the Plesiosaur pectoral girdle inferred from basal Eosauropterygia taxa and the extant phylogenetic bracket
FIGURE 5. M. subcoracoscapularis. Reconstruction for Neusticosaurus 1 in anterior view, 2 in ventral view, 3 in lateral view, 4 in fleshed-out muscle reconstruction and 5 complete skeletal reconstruction in lateral view. Reconstruction for Ceresiosaurus 6 in anterior view, 7 in ventral view, 8 in lateral view, 9 fleshed-out muscle reconstruction and 10 complete skeletal reconstruction in lateral view. Reconstruction for Rhomaleosaurus 11 in anterior view, 12 in ventral view, 13 in lateral view, 14 fleshed-out muscle reconstruction and 15 complete skeletal reconstruction in lateral view.
Figure 30. Pectoral girdle. ventral view. A in Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae
Figure 30. Pectoral girdle. ventral view. A, Isbrueckerichthys duseni, UMMZ 215262. B, Pseudorinelepis genibarbis, INHS 36938. Scale bars = 5 mm.
Figure 7. Pectoral girdles. A, B in Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates
Figure 7. Pectoral girdles. A, B, lateral and ventral views of the pectoral girdle of Eusthenopteron (from Jarvik, 1980). C, D, lateral and composite dorsal and ventral views of Acanthostega (from Coates, 1996).
FIGURE 4 in Soft-tissue anatomy of the Plesiosaur pectoral girdle inferred from basal Eosauropterygia taxa and the extant phylogenetic bracket
FIGURE 4. Humeral insertions in a basal neodiapsid, Nothosaurus and Cryptoclidus.
Data from: Reduction of the pectoral spine and girdle in domesticated Channel Catfish is likely caused by changes in selection pressure
Locked pectoral spines of the Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus more than double the fish's width and complicate ingestion by gape-limited predators. The spine mates with the pectoral girdle, a robust structure that anchors the spine. This study demonstrates that both spine and girdle exhibit negative allometric growth and that pectoral spines and girdles are lighter in domesticated than in wild Channel Catfish. This finding could be explained by changes in selection pressure for spine growth during domestication or by an epigenetic effect in which exposure to predators in wild fish stimulates pectoral growth. We tested the epigenetic hypothesis by exposing domesticated Channel Catfish fingerlings to Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides predators for 13 weeks. Spines and girdles grow isometrically in the fingerlings, and regression analysis indicates no difference in proportional pectoral growth between control and predator-exposed fish. Therefore a change in selection pressure likely accounts for smaller pectoral growth in domesticated Channel Catfish. Decreasing spine growth in older fish suggests anti-predator functions are most important in smaller fish. Additionally, growth of the appendicular and axial skeleton is controlled differentially, and mechanical properties of the spine and not just its length are an important component of this defensive adaptation.
FIGURE 32. Pectoral girdle, vental view. A in Morphology-based phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)
FIGURE 32. Pectoral girdle, vental view. A, Delturus carinotus, MCP 49172. B, Hirtella carinata, MCP 45770. C, Euryochus thysanos, MCP 27701. D, Rineloricaria strigilata, MCP 19643. E, Parotocinclus prata, NUP 7403. F, Otocinclus flexilis, MCP 17414. Scale bar 2 mm.
FIGURE 9. Pectoral girdle. A. Archamia bleekeri USNM 356291, 37.6 in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)
FIGURE 9. Pectoral girdle. A. Archamia bleekeri USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL, left side. B. Kurtus indicus USNM 267150, 63.0 mm SL, left side. extrascapular = E, posttemporal = PT, supracleithrum = SC, = cleithrum = CL, coracoid = CO, scapula = S, radials = R, upper postcleithrum = UP, = lower post cleithrum = LP, shaded areas = cartilage stain. Scale = 1 mm.
text-fig. 33. Pectoral girdles of a basal sauropodomorph and two theropods in left lateral view, illustrating states for several pectoral characters, a, basal sauropodomorph Plateosaurus sp.; based on SMNS F 65. b, Allosaurus fragilis; based on MOR 693. c, Saurornitholestes langstonr, based on TMP 88.121.39. Abbreviations as in ext-figure 32, and: cf, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid facet. Scale bars represent 100 mm (a-b) and 50 mm (c). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 33. Pectoral girdles of a basal sauropodomorph and two theropods in left lateral view, illustrating states for several pectoral characters, a, basal sauropodomorph Plateosaurus sp.; based on SMNS F 65. b, Allosaurus fragilis; based on MOR 693. c, Saurornitholestes langstonr, based on TMP 88.121.39. Abbreviations as in ext-figure 32, and: cf, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid facet. Scale bars represent 100 mm (a-b) and 50 mm (c).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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