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28 results for “percent cover data”
Understory percent cover, plant traits, canopy LAI, PAR, temperature, and soil moisture data at multiple time points for sites in the burn chronosequence and Indian Point forest at the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI (2022-2023)
Community ecology has sought to understand the mechanisms by which plant communities are assembled through time and space. One prominent way to address how communities are assembled is by quantifying functional traits. While there is a tremendous body of literature on functional traits, debate persists about how to account for variation in measured traits. For example, intraspecific trait variation (ITV) can be equal to or greater than interspecific trait variation and ITV has also been found to vary greatly across years. Therefore, there is a need to account for variability in functional trait measures among and within species and through time to improve our understanding of community assembly. Chronosequences are a powerful tool to address temporal changes in community dynamics, however, the inclusion of understory plants in forest chronosequence studies is still relatively uncommon. Previous chronosequence studies have been primarily performed in grasslands or in a limited subset of forest types, so further work is needed in understory plant traits across other ecosystems and climates to improve trait-based understanding of understory plant communities through time. Additionally, because plant traits change as ecosystems age, community interactions are likely to change with ecosystem age. Interactions of particular interest are herbivory, arthropod predation, and the influence of plant traits on arthropod diversity.
Plant species percent cover data: BioCON : Biodiversity, Elevated CO2, and N Enrichment
BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen) is an ecological experiment started in 1997 at the University of Minnesota's Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve. BioCON's goal is to explore the ways in which plant communities will respond to three environmental changes that are known to be occurring on a global scale: increasing nitrogen deposition, increasing atmospheric CO2, and decreasing biodiversity. Why Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen? While there are many uncertainties in global change biology, there are also some well documented facts. Some of these are: 1. The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is rising. Since the industrial revolution, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased from approximately 275 parts per million (ppm) to about 378 ppm today. This has been largely the result of fossil fuel burning. It is expected that CO2 levels will continue to rise, and that by the year 2050 these levels will be approximately 550 ppm. CO2 is the raw material for photosynthesis and is known to affect plant growth and development. 2. The amount of nitrogen moving through terrestrial ecosystems has increased in the recent past. While natural "background" levels of nitrogen fixation have remained constant, human additions to the system through fertilizer production and fossil fuel use have increased dramatically. Nitrogen is a key nutrient for plant growth and plays a critical role in plant community structure and composition in many environments. 3. Biodiversity levels are falling. While the research and data are not as complete as they are for CO2 and nitrogen, data indicate that the number of species globally, is being reduced. Perhaps more important for ecosystem function, diversity levels on local to regional scales have fallen due to land use change, biotic invasion and many other drivers. While much is known about how each of these factors affects ecosystem functioning, many questions remain. There is also little data on how these issues affe
Percent cover, species richness, and canopy height data of seagrass communities in Shark Bay, Western Australia, with accompanying abiotic data, from October 2012 to July 2013
This dataset provides cover, canopy height, and species richness estimates for seagrass communities throughout Shark Bay, as well as ancilliary physical data. These data will be used to determine spatial patterns of seagrass loss and recovery, as well as recovery rates and succisional changes in community composition, if present.
Effects of permafrost thaw on nitrogen availability and plant-soil interactions in a boreal Alaskan lowland: I - Percent Cover Data 2013
This dataset examines shifts in plant community structure along a lowland boreal permafrost thaw chronosequence. Data was collected in 2013 at the APEX Beta and forested study plots, located adjacent to the BNZ experimental forest. Percent cover data was collected for subcanopy vascular and nonvascualr vegetation in July 2013.
Plant species percent cover data: Successional Dynamics on a Resampled Chronosequence
The purpose of this observational study is to describe the dynamics of ecosystem succession. The change in the number, type, and amount of plant and grazing animal species is monitored in more than 20 fields. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. Permanent transects have been established in these abandoned fields for purposes of sampling in a consistent location from year to year. Permanent plots along these transects have been used to sample soil nutrients, (in particular, nitrogen) abundance of vegetation, species composition and herbivore populations. The sampling occurs approximately every 6 years. In the initial survey, 100 quadrats of size 1 by 0.5 m were sampled per field in 23 different fields. Abandoned fields included in E014 are 4, 5, 10, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 32, 35, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 53, 70, 72, 76, 77. Fields 22(B), 29(A), and 69(C) were originally included in E014 but used for other purposes shortly after the start of the study. This experiment was established in 1983 and 1989 by principal investigators Johannes Knops and David Tilman. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that th
End of growing season percent cover and biomass data for hayed vs reference sites, Rowley, MA, PIE LTER
End of growing season percent cover and biomass data of marsh vegetation in hayed and reference marsh sites near Stackyard Rd. and Patmos Rd, Rowley, Massachusetts.
SBC LTER: Reef: Kelp Forest Community Dynamics: Kelp Forest Data to support "Estimating biomass of benthic kelp forest invertebrates from body size and percent cover"
These data describe quantitative relationships between wet mass and length or wet mass and percent cover, and conversion factors to transform wet mass into dry mass, shell-free and decalcified dry mass, and ash-free dry mass for 84 species of benthic macroinvertebrates common to giant kelp forests in southern California. Data are based on organisms collected from sites in the Santa Barbara Channel between April 2010 and May 2014. These measurements are intended to facilitate the conversion of invertebrate abundance into common metrics of biomass, for quantitative studies of community dynamics, trophic interactions, energy flow and biodiversity. Converting numerical abundance (i.e., organism density) to biomass requires information on the relationship between individual size and biomass. For colonial and small aggregating taxa that are numerous and indistinct, measures of abundance are usually proportional (e.g., percent cover). Hence, converstions are taxa-specific, based on either size or cover, and a variety of metrics of species biomass are included, e.g., wet mass, shell-free wet mass, ash-free dry mass. Data are published in Reed, D. C, J. C. Nelson, S. L. Harrer, and R. J. Miller, Estimating biomass of benthic kelp forest invertebrates from body size and percent cover data. Marine Biology. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-016-2879-x. From the paper abstract: The inability to compare different measures of species abundance (such as density and percent cover) or different metrics of species biomass (such as wet mass and ash-free dry mass) hampers quantitative studies of community dynamics, trophic interactions, energy flow and biodiversity. This has been especially problematic for the dynamic and highly productive communities inhabiting shallow reefs in temperate seas where varied metrics are commonly used to characterize the abundance and biomass of different suites of species. Regressions for all 84 species were highly significant and regression fits were very good for mos
Daily landscape-level snow cover percent data from (Rich, et al 2013) TLFS, IMVT, and SDOT sitse, in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska,spring 2011 to 2014.
Daily landscape-level snow cover percent data from Toolik Lake Field Station (TFS), Imnavait (IMVT), and the Sagavanirktok River DOT site (SDOT), in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska. Data collected from May to early June 2011 to 2014.
Plant species percent cover data: Seed Addition in Lawrence Strips
Description of Research Goals and Accomplishments: This experiment will test the affect of various species of seed addition and differing amounts of them on a newly abandoned area of the Lawrence strips. This experiment was set up in the northern end of the Lawrence strips after it was newly disked (no standing vegetation). There are 60 plots, each 3m x 3m with a .5m walkway between them. There are fifteen treatments, with 4 replicates of each treatment. The treatments are as follows, with the species of seed(s) and the amount added per plot: l. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, 90g 2. Agropyron repens, 67g 3. Poa pratensis, 45g 4. Schizachyrium scoparium, 67g 5. Andropogon gerardi, 67g 6. Mix of forbs, 50g 7. Mix 2 (see below) 8. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, 9g 9. Agropyron repens, 6.7g lO. Poa pratensis, 4.5g ll. Schizachyrium scoparium, 6.7g 12. Andropogon gerardi, 6.7g 13. Mix of forbs, 5g 14. Mix 3 (see below) 15. control-no seeds added Mix of forbs contains seeds of Achillea millefolium, Agastache foeniculum, Amorpha canescens, Aster azureus, Coreopsis palmata, Heliopsis helianthoides, Lespedeza capitata, Liatris aspera, Monarda fistulosa, Petalostemum candidum, Petalostemum purpureum, Rosa arkansana, Rudbeckia hirta, Solidago nemoralis, Solidago ptarmicoides, Solidago rigida, Verbena stricta and Zizia aurea. Mix 2 contains 50g Mix of forbs + 67g Schizachyrium scoparium + 67g Andropogon gerardi + 45g Poa pratensis + 90g Agropyron repens per plot. Mix 3 contains 5g Mix of forbs * 6.7g Schizachyrium scoparium + 6.7g Andropogon gerardi + 5g Poa pratensis + 9g Agropyron repens per plot. The seeds were added to the plots on June 14, 1993.
Plant species percent cover data: Addition of Schizachyrium scoparium Seeds to the Lawrence Strips
Here, we use a simple experimental approach to test the hypothesis that `niche differentiation` promotes coexistence. We created an experimental gradient in the abundance of a long-lived, competitively dominant species (S. scoparium) and allowed competitive interactions to proceed without further manipulation.
Plant species percent cover data: Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Plant species percent cover data: Natural Enemies, Plant Diversity and Plant Community Composition
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in a subset of plots within the Big Biodiversity field, including monoculture, 2-species, 4-species, 8-species, 16-species, and 32-species plots. There are 5 different treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, the combination of all pesticides, and nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Plant species percent cover data: The influence of natural enemies on plant community composition and productivity
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in an old field that is burned every other year. Within the old field, there are 8 blocks, and within each block there are 6 treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, mammal exclosure, the combination of all enemy suppression tactics (pesticides and mammal exclosure), and a nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Plant species percent cover data: Traits: Competition and Resource Reduction for Five Grass Species Grown in Monoculture and Competition in Soils with Different Nitrogen Availabilities
This experiment was designed to determine the relationships between plant traits, successional status, and resource reduction for five grass species that were grown for three years in monoculture in replicated field plots on soils prepared to have different availabilities of nitrogen. It also determines the results of competition experiments among various combinations of these species as well as the differing feedback effects of each species on soil nitrogen mineralization rates. All of this work has motivated the desire to more fully understand the mechanisms of interactions among plants and their resources, in the belief that this might eventually allow predictions of the dynamics, diversity, and composition of plant communities.
Plant species percent cover data: Interactive Effects of Fertility and Distribution on Plant Community Diversity and Structure
There are four levels of nitrogen, corresponding to treatments A, C, F and G in E001, applied at the same time as in that experiment. For a description of fertilizer added to E052, see file fertilization details. There are four levels of soil disturbance designated 1, 2, 3 and 4. Level 1: undisturbed Level 2: 1 pass with a 7 HP Honda rear-tined rototiller with the elevator set to till to a depth of 9 inches Level 3: 2 passes or however many required to produce about 50% bare ground Level 4: 3 passes or however many required to produce 100% bare ground. This requires 3 passes in some plots but 5 or 6 in others. In addition, all woody vegetation not destroyed by tilling is cut at the base. Rototilling is applied in late April. Each fertilization treatment receives each disturbance treatment, for a total of sixteen treatments. There are four replicates of each of the sixteen treatments. In addition, the four extreme ends (lowest N, lowest disturbance; highest N, lowest disturbance, etc. ) are replicated an additional ten times. Treatments are applied in a completely randomized design. Each of the 104 plots is 5m x 5m. Measurements taken at E052 will include: 1) species abundances, 2) community biomass allocation to leaves/roots/stems/flowers, 3) above and below ground net primary production and 4) rates of nitrogen mineralization. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte52. The plots in E052 are enclosed by a fence to exclude mammalian herbivores. Galvanized welded-wire hardware cloth with 6mm x 6mm openings was buried to a depth of 50cm. Additional hardware cloth extends 60cm above the ground and poultry netting extends to 2m above the ground. In 1990, ten plots of each of four treatments (N1D1, N1D4, N4D1, N4D4, where N is the level of nitrogen added and D is the disturbance treatment) were randomly selected for the competition experiment. The above and belowground effects of neighbors on transplanted grass seedlings were measured using three
Plant species percent cover data: Plant Competition Under Different Nitrogen Levels:A Garden Experiment
This garden plot experiment is located next to the E026 gardens in Field E (Old Field 44). This garden contained monocultures of major grass species from across the grassland biome of North America, and also 3 legume species (E070). The design and purpose were similar to E026, except the plots were larger. The basic experimental design consisted of growing plants in monoculture and in various competitive combinations on each of 14 different soil mixtures. In 1988 a bulldozer was used to remove 30 inches of top soil at the site. To each plot a certain amount of black dirt, ranging from 0.3 inches to 10 inches, was added. Total carbon ranged from 0.1928% to 5.63134% and total nitrogen ranged from 0.0158% to 0.4591%. The exact amounts of black soil added to each plot are described in the field operations. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 \
Plant species percent cover data: Seed Size and Establishment
The purpose of this experiment is to examine the importance among species differences in seed mass in determining the possibility of seedling establishment under different competitive environments. This experiment was set up in Field 61.
Plant species percent cover data: Distribution of Wetland Plant Species in Relation to the Level of the Water Table
This study established permanent plots along transects in fifteen wetlands covering a range of wetland types. The plot are used to: 1) characterize the non-wooded wetlands at CCESR; 2) determine correlations of plant community type with environmental factors; 3) examine changes over a five year period.
Plant species percent cover data: Plant Colonization and Species Diversity in an Old Field
This experiment was set up in field "B" on August 23, 1990, within the mammalian herbivore exclosure fence (see E001). This experiment consists of 8 treatments with 6 replicates of each. The 48 plots were randomly assigned their treatment. Plot size is 1m x 1m. Each plot is divided into 4 equal portions. Three of these portions were labeled subplots 5, 6 and 7. The other portion was subdivided into 4 additional portions. The latter subplots were labeled 1, 2, 3 and 4. Thus, each main plot has 7 subplots of which 3 are 0.5m x 0.5m in size and 4 are 0.25m x 0.25m in size. Seeds of many species were collected from Cedar Creek Natural History Area in the fall of 1990 and some were purchased. These seeds were added in the spring of 1991 to the plots according to the following treatments: 1: Control 2: Lightly raked in spring 3: Seed of 29 species added 4: Seed of 29 species + raked 5: Seed of 29 species + Schizachyrium seed (8000/m2) 6: Seed of 29 species + Schizachyrium seed (8000/m2) + raked 7: Seed of Schizachyrium (8000/m2) + raked 8: Seedlings of Schizachyrium (144/m2) Percent cover estimates were done in the fall of 1990 to get baseline data of the species present in the plots before adding seeds. For a list of treatments and the amount of seeds of each species added, see the treatment layouts in file trmte85.
Plant species percent cover data: The Diversity and Abundance of Prairie Plant Communties
This study is divided into six experiments that test the influence of many factors on the diversity and abundance of prairie plant communities. Each "community" is a 2.25 meter square plot seeded with the same amount of seeds from 59 different species of plants. The first experiment is a nitrogen-fire-water factorial. The second experiment is a nitrogen-pH factorial. The third experiment is a nitrogen gradient and the fourth experiment is a nitrogen gradient with a diversity of seeds added each year. The fifth experiment is a disturbance gradient and the last experiment has three levels of soil heterogeneity (variance from the mean) for both nitrogen and pH. See trmte86, trmte103, trmte104, trmte105, trmte106, trmte107 for plot layout.
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