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5 results for “peripheral refugia”
An explicit test of Pleistocene survival in peripheral versus nunatak refugia in two high mountain plant species
<p>Pleistocene climate fluctuations had profound influence on the biogeographic history of many biota. As large areas in higher latitudes and high mountain ranges were covered by glaciers, biota were forced either to peripheral refugia (and possibly beyond to lowland refugia) or to interior refugia (nunataks), but nunatak survival remains controversial as it solely relies on correlative genetic evidence. Here, we test the nunatak hypothesis using two high alpine plant species of contrasting pollination modes (insect-pollinated Pedicularis aspleniifolia and wind-pollinated Carex fuliginosa) in the European Alps, a geographic model system to study Pleistocene biogeography. Employing the iDDC (integrative distributional, demographic and coalescent) approach, which couples species distribution modelling, spatial and temporal demographic simulation and Approximate Bayesian Computation, we explicitly test three hypotheses of glacial survival: (1) peripheral survival only, (2) nunatak survival only, and (3) nunatak plus peripheral survival. In P. aspleniifolia the nunatak plus peripheral survival hypothesis was supported by Bayes Factors (BF > 100), whereas in C. fuliginosa the peripheral survival only hypothesis, though best supported, could not be unambiguously distinguished from the nunatak plus peripheral survival hypothesis (BF = 5.58). These results are consistent with current habitat preferences (P. aspleniifolia extends to higher elevations) and the potential for genetic swamping, i.e., replacement of local genotypes via hybridization with immigrating genotypes (expected to be higher in the wind-pollinated C. fuliginosa). Although the persistence of plants on nunataks during glacial periods has been debated and studied over decades, this is one of the first studies to explicitly test the hypothesis instead of solely using correlative evidence.</p>
An explicit test of Pleistocene survival in peripheral versus nunatak refugia in two high mountain plant species
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Data from: Persistence in peripheral refugia promotes phenotypic divergence and speciation in a rainforest frog
It is well established from the fossil record and phylogeographic analyses that late Quaternary climate fluctuations led to substantial changes in species' distribution, but whether and how these fluctuations resulted in phenotypic divergence and speciation is less clear. This question can be addressed through detailed analysis of traits relevant to ecology and mating within and among intraspecific lineages that persisted in separate refugia. In a biogeographic system (the Australian Wet Tropics, AWT) with a well-established history of refugial isolation during Pleistocene glacial periods, we test whether climate-mediated changes in distribution drove genetic and phenotypic divergence in the rainforest frog, Cophixalus ornatus. We combine paleomodeling and multilocus genetics to demonstrate long-term persistence within, and isolation among, one central and two peripheral refugia. In contrast to other AWT vertebrates, the three major lineages differ in ecologically relevant morphology and in mating call, reflecting divergent selection and/or genetic drift in the peripheral isolates. Divergence in mating call, and contact zone analyses, suggest that the lineages now represent distinct species. The results show that climate shifts can promote genetic and phenotypic divergence, and potentially speciation, and direct attention towards incorporating adaptive traits into phylogeographic studies to better resolve the mechanisms of speciation.
Data from: Extensive range persistence in peripheral and interior refugia characterizes Pleistocene range dynamics in a widespread Alpine plant species (Senecio carniolicus, Asteraceae)
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Data from: Persistence in peripheral refugia promotes phenotypic divergence and speciation in a rainforest frog
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