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20 results for “pest suppression”
Ant populations and Pest suppression at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2018)
Dataset Abstract Data supporting the paper Helms IV, J. A., S. E. Ijelu, B. D. Wills, D. A. Landis, and N. M. Haddad. 2020. Ant biodiversity and ecosystem services in bioenergy landscapes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 290:106780 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2019.106780 The data tables document mortality of pest insect eggs in vertebrate exclosures, as well as ant species and the number of ant workers captured in pitfall traps, during the 2018 growing season in LTER forest plots, the Biofuel Cropping System Experiment (BCSE) plots, and the GLBRC Scale-up Experiment. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/188
Can the botanical azadirachtin replace phased-out soil insecticides in suppressing the soil insect pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ?
<p><strong>Can the botanical <em>azadirachtin</em> replace phased-out soil insecticides in suppressing the soil insect pest <em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera </em>?</strong></p> <p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>Due to recent bans on the use of several soil insecticides and insecticidal seed coatings, soil-dwelling insect pests are increasingly difficult to manage. One example is the western corn rootworm (<em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</em>, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a serious root-feeder of maize (<em>Zea mays</em>). We investigated whether the less problematic botanical <em>azadirachtin</em>, widely used against above-ground insects, could become an option for the control of this soil insect pest.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>Artificial diet-based bioassays were implemented under standard laboratory conditions to establish lethal dose curves for the pest larvae. Then, potted-plant experiments were implemented in greenhouse to assess feasibility and efficacy of a novel granular formulation of <em>azadirachtin </em>under more natural conditions and in relation to standard insecticides.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Bioassays in three repetitions revealed a 3-day LD<sub>50</sub> of 22.3 µg <em>azadirachtin</em> per ml which corresponded to 0.45 µg per neonate of <em>D. v. virgifera </em>and a 5-day LD<sub>50</sub> of 19.3 µg per ml or 0.39 µg per first to second instar larva. No sublethal effects were observed. The three greenhouse experiments revealed that the currently proposed standard dose of a granular formulation of 38 g<em> azadirachtin </em>per hectare for in-furrow application at sowing is not enough to control <em>D. v. virgifera </em>or to prevent root damage. At 10x standard-dose total pest control was achieved as well as the prevention of most root damage. This was better than the efficacy achieved by <em>cypermethrin</em>-based granules and comparable to <em>tefluthrin</em>- granules, or <em>thiamethoxam</em> seed coatings. The ED<sub>50</sub> for suppressing larval populations were estimated at 92 g <em>azadirachtin</em> per ha, for preventing heavy root damage 52 g /ha and for preventing general root damage 220 g /ha.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>There seems clear potential for the development of neem-based botanical soil insecticides for arable crops such as maize. They might become, if doses are increased and more soil insecticides phased out, a promising, safer solution as part of the integrated pest management toolkit against soil insects.</p>
Dataset Natural plant disease suppressiveness in soils extends to insect pest control
<p>This dataset is related to the study "<strong>Natural plant disease suppressiveness in soils extends to insect pest control</strong>" (Harmsen et al., 2024) and contains the raw data described therein. </p> <p>Sequencing data used in this study has been deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under the BioProject number <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA1075215/">PRJNA1075215</a>.</p> <p>The scripts used to analyze the data generated in the study are available at <a href="https://github.com/nhrmsn/SuppressSoil-Data">GitHub</a>. </p>
Fig. 3 in Appraisal of sperm dynamics as a crucial trait of radio- sterilized Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its F progeny for evaluation of the 'inherited sterility technique' for pest suppression
Fig. 3. Effect of gamma irradiation on (a) the percentage of active apyrene sperm, and (b) the intensity of active sperm (no. of undulations/s) in virgin irradiated parental (P) male Spodoptera litura.
Fig. 2b in Appraisal of sperm dynamics as a crucial trait of radio- sterilized Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its F progeny for evaluation of the 'inherited sterility technique' for pest suppression
Fig. 2b. Eupyrene sperm bundles descent from the testes to the reproductive tract (upper vasa deferentia (UVD), seminal vesicles (SV) and the duplex) of irradiated male Spodoptera litura and their F1 progeny during the photophase (white bars)and the scotophase (black bars). Means ± SE followed by the same capital letter within white bars, or within black bars within each treatment regimen of sperm descent in the UVD, SV and duplex are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.05 (ANOVA followed by LSD post-test). Means ± SE followed by a different small letter between white bar and black bar, within each age group within a regimen are significantly different at P ≤ 0.05 (ANOVA followed by LSD posttest).
Fig. 2a in Appraisal of sperm dynamics as a crucial trait of radio- sterilized Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its F progeny for evaluation of the 'inherited sterility technique' for pest suppression
Fig. 2a. Loose apyrene sperm descent from the testes to the reproductive tract [upper vasa deferentia (UVD), seminal vesicles (SV) and the duplex] of irradiated male Spodoptera litura and their F1 progeny during the photophase (white bars) and the scotophase (black bars). Means ± SE followed by the same capital letter within white bars, or within black bars for each treatment regimen of sperm descent in the UVD, SV and duplex are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.05 (ANOVA followed by LSD post-test). Means ± SE followed by different small letter between the white bars and black bars, within each age group within a regimen are significantly different at P ≤ 0.05 (ANOVA followed by LSD posttest).
Fig. 1 in Appraisal of sperm dynamics as a crucial trait of radio- sterilized Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its F progeny for evaluation of the 'inherited sterility technique' for pest suppression
Fig. 1. Reproductive system of male moth, Spodoptera litura. The ductus ejaculatorius simplex is also known as the prostatic part. Sperm pass through the prostatic part at the onset of mating and acquire motility for the first time.
Fig. 4 in Appraisal of sperm dynamics as a crucial trait of radio- sterilized Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its F progeny for evaluation of the 'inherited sterility technique' for pest suppression
Fig. 4. Effect of gamma irradiation on (a) the percentage of active apyrene sperm and (b) the intensity of active sperm (no. of undulations /s) in virgin irradiated parental (P) male Spodoptera litura and their F1progeny.
Fig. 5 in Appraisal of sperm dynamics as a crucial trait of radio- sterilized Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its F progeny for evaluation of the 'inherited sterility technique' for pest suppression
Fig. 5. Effect of gamma irradiation on (a) the percentage of active apyrene sperm, and (b) the intensity of active sperm (no. of undulations /s) in mated irradiated parental (P) male Spodoptera litura.
Fig. 6 in Appraisal of sperm dynamics as a crucial trait of radio- sterilized Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its F progeny for evaluation of the 'inherited sterility technique' for pest suppression
Fig. 6. Effect of gamma irradiation on (a) the percentage of active apyrene sperm, and (b) the intensity of sperm activity (no. of undulations /s) in mated irradiated parental (P) male Spodoptera litura and their F1progeny.
Fig. 5 in Inherited sterility in Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Pest population suppression and potential for combined use with a generalist predator
Fig. 5. Prey consumption in the choice test involving progeny of irradiated females. Number of T. absoluta eggs consumed per T. cucurbitaceus (mean ± SE) individual in 24 h from the following T. absoluta eggs crosses, ♀U × ƋU and ♀I × ƋU. The different letters above the 2 error bars indicates that there was a significant difference in the numbers of eggs consumed based on the crosses from which they had originated, even though the female parent had been irradiated in 1 of the crosses (paired t tests, P <0.05). U = untreated, I = irradiated.
Fig. 3 in Inherited sterility in Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Pest population suppression and potential for combined use with a generalist predator
Fig. 3. Prey consumption in the no-choice test. Number of T. absoluta eggs consumed per T. cucurbitaceus (mean ± SE) individual in 24 h from following T. absoluta eggs crosses: ♀U × ƋU,♀U × ƋI or ♀I × ƋU.The same letter above the 3 error bars indicates that there were no significant differences in the numbers of eggs consumed based on the crosses from which they had originated (ANOVA, P> 0.05). U = untreated, I = irradiated.
Fig. 1 in Inherited sterility in Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Pest population suppression and potential for combined use with a generalist predator
Fig. 1. Population suppression by irradiated individuals and their progeny over 12 weeks at a 10:1 irradiated:untreated ratio. a) Number of eggs/ cage, b) number of small larvae /cage and c) number of large larvae/cage (mean ± SE). Only 1 release of irradiated moths was made, i.e., at the beginning of the experiment. For details see text on Experiment 1.
Fig. 4 in Inherited sterility in Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Pest population suppression and potential for combined use with a generalist predator
Fig. 4. Prey consumption in the choice test involving progeny of irradiated males. Number of T. absoluta eggs from following T. absoluta eggs crosses, ♀U × ƋU and ♀U × ƋI,consumed per T. cucurbitaceus (mean ± SE) individual in 24 h. The same letter above the 2 error bars indicates that there was no significant difference in the numbers of eggs consumed based on the crosses from which they had originated, even though the male parent had been irradiated in 1 of the crosses (paired t tests, P> 0.05). U = untreated, I = irradiated.
Fig. 2 in Inherited sterility in Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Pest population suppression and potential for combined use with a generalist predator
Fig. 2. Population suppression by irradiated individuals and their progeny over 12 weeks at a 15:1 irradiated:untreated ratio. a) Number of eggs/cage, b) number of small larvae /cage and c) number of large larvae/cage (mean ± SE). Only 1 release of irradiated moths was made, i.e., at the beginning of the experiment. For details see text on Experiment 2.
Pest suppression potential varies across ten bioenergy cropping systems
<p>Dataset and metadata for Haan, N.L., & Landis, D.A. 2023. Pest suppression potential varies across ten bioenergy cropping systems. <em>Global Change Biology - Bioenergy</em>. </p>
Data from: Cover crops dismantle keystone ant/aphid mutualisms to enhance insect pest suppression and weed biocontrol
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Birds suppress pests in corn but release them in soybean crops within a mixed prairie/agriculture system
<p>Birds provide ecosystem services (pest control) in many agroecosystems and have neutral or negative ecological effects (disservices) in others. Large-scale, conventional row crop agriculture is extremely widespread globally, yet few studies of bird effects take place in these agroecosystems. We studied indirect effects of insectivorous birds on corn and soybean crops in fields adjacent to a prairie in Illinois (USA). We hypothesized that prairie birds would forage for arthropods in adjacent crop fields and that the magnitude of services or disservices would decrease with distance from the prairie. We used bird-excluding cages over crops to examine the net effect of birds on corn and soybean grain yield. We also conducted DNA metabarcoding to identify arthropod prey in fecal samples from captured birds. Our exclosure experiments revealed that birds provided net services in corn and net disservices in soybeans. Distance from prairie was not a significant predictor of exclosure treatment effect in either crop. Many bird fecal samples contained DNA from both beneficial arthropods and known economically-significant pests of corn, but few economically-significant pests of soybeans. Song Sparrows (<i>Melospiza melodia</i>), one of our most captured species, most commonly consumed corn rootworms, an economically-significant pest of corn crops. We estimated that birds in this system provided a service worth approximately US $275/ha in corn yield gain, and a disservice valued at approximately $348/ha in soybean yield loss. Our study is the first to demonstrate that birds can provide substantial and economically valuable services in field corn, and disservices in soybean crops. The contrasting findings in the two crop systems suggest a range of bird impacts within widespread agro-ecosystems and demonstrate the importance of quantifying net trophic effects.</p>
Birds suppress pests in corn but release them in soybean crops within a mixed prairie/agriculture system
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Data from: Pest suppression in cultivar mixtures is influenced by neighbor-specific plant-plant communication
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