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57 results for “phenological shifts”
Dataset from: Spatially heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology induced by climate change threaten the integrity of the avian migration network
<p>Original data and code for the study:</p> <p>Wei, J., Xu, F., Cole, E. F., Sheldon, B. C., de Boer, W. F., Wielstra, B., Fu, H., Gong, P., & Si, Y. (2024, Accepted). Spatially heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology induced by climate change threaten the integrity of the avian migration network. Global Change Biology.</p> <p>The dataset mainly contains data showing the climate change-induced heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology and the migration integrity change from 2000 to 2020 for 16 Asian herbivorous waterfowl species. These data were derived from the following resources available in the public domain.</p> <p>The Global Lakes and Wetlands Database is available from “https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/global-lakes-and-wetlands-database”. The global land cover datasets are available from European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) products, “https://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/download.php”. The Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data are available from “https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/terrain-monitoring-and-modeling”. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra surface reflectance product is available from “https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/mod09.php”. The bird distribution maps are available from Birdlife International, “https://www.birdlife.org/”. The bird foraging attribute data are available from EltonTraits 1.0, “https://figshare.com”. The bird occurrence data are available from eBird Basic Dataset (EBD), “https://science.ebird.org/en/use-ebird-data/download-ebird-data-products”. The Hackett backbone phylogenetic trees are available from “https://birdtree.org/”.</p> <p>The code contains the R scripts and MATLAB scripts that we used for this study.</p> <p>For details please see the file “Readme.txt”, and the research paper.</p>
Data for 'Phenological shifts in a warming world affect physiology and life history in a damselfly'
<p>In this analysis we studied, in laboratory conditions, the impact of warming and hatching dates on key life history and physiological traits in a cannibalistic damselfly, <em>Ischnura</em> <em>elegans</em>. Larvae were reared in groups from hatching to emergence through one or two growth seasons, depending on the voltinism. Larvae were equally divided by hatching dates (early and late) and temperature treatment (current and warming). Early and late hatched groups were not mixed. This data set includes:</p> <ul> <li>survival until emergence and emergence success data</li> <li>development time (from hatching to emergence, in days)</li> <li>mass of adult insects</li> <li>growth rate (mass of adult insect/development time in days)</li> <li>protein content (μg of protein/μl of prepared homogenate)</li> <li>phenoloxidase activity (PO, value of activity curve slope)</li> <li>PO activity/protein (value of activity curve slope/(μg of protein/μl of prepared homogenate)</li> <li>insects voltinism (univoltine/semivoltine)</li> </ul>
Temperature and nutrient availability alter consequences of phenological shifts in predatory-prey communities
<p>While there is mounting evidence indicating that the relative timing of predator and prey phenologies shapes the outcome of trophic interactions, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of how important the environmental context (e.g. abiotic conditions) is for shaping this relationship. Environmental conditions not only frequently drive shifts in phenologies, but they can also affect the very same processes that mediate the effects of phenological shifts on species interactions. Thus, identifying how environmental conditions shape the effects of phenological shifts is key to predict community dynamics across a heterogenous landscape and how they will change with ongoing climate change in the future. Here I tested how environmental conditions shape effects of phenological shifts by experimentally manipulating temperature, nutrient availability, and relative phenologies in two predator-prey freshwater systems (mole salamander- bronze frog vs dragonfly larvae-leopard frog). This allowed me to (1) isolate the effect of phenological shifts and different environmental conditions, (2) determine how they interact, and (3) how consistent these patterns are across different species and environments. I found that delaying prey arrival dramatically increased predation rates, but these effects were contingent on environmental conditions and predator system. While both nutrient addition and warming significantly enhanced the effect of arrival time, their effect was qualitatively different: Nutrient addition enhanced the positive effect of early arrival while warming enhanced the negative effect of arriving late. Predator responses varied qualitatively across predator-prey systems. Only in the system with strong gape-limitation were predators (salamanders) significantly affected by prey arrival time and this effect varied with environmental context. Correlations between predator and prey demographic rates suggest that this was driven by shifts in initial predator-prey size ratios and a positive feedback between size-specific predation rates and predator growth rates. These results highlight the importance of accounting for temporal and spatial correlation of local environmental conditions and gape-limitation in predator-prey systems when predicting the effects of phenological shifts and climate change on predator-prey systems.</p>
Data from: Drastic shift in flowering phenology of F1 hybrids explains the population structure of Imperata cylindrica in Japan
<p>Hybridization is a major source of phenotypic variation and a driving force for evolution. On the other hand, these novel traits can often disrupt adaptive relationships between the parental phenotypes and their environments. However, it remains unclear how new hybrid traits disrupt local adaptation. Here, we report how a new phenotype of hybrids between two ecotypes of Imperata cylindrica contributes to rapid reproductive isolation from their parents and affects hybrid fitness.</p> <p>We analyzed 350 accessions of I. cylindrica collected from the 1980s to the 2010s throughout Japan to explore the genetic population structure of the hybrids. We surveyed flowering periods, seed sets, and germination of two ecotypes and their hybrids in both natural habitats and common gardens.</p> <p>Genetic analyses of population structure revealed that the hybrid populations consisted of only F1 individuals, without post-F1 hybrids. The flowering phenology of the F1 plants was delayed to autumn, 5–6 months later than the parental ecotypes.</p> <p>The drastic shift in flowering phenology prevents F1s from backcrossing. In addition, it changes their seed dispersal time to winter. Germination is inhibited by low temperatures, and the seeds likely decay before the next spring, resulting in the absence of an F2 generation. For the first time in the field, we found environmental mismatch of F1 as a specific mechanism for the maintenance of only F1 populations.</p> <p>Synthesis. We have demonstrated that this flowering phenology mismatch promotes reproductive isolation between the parents and F1s and affects various temporal components of the hybrids, resulting in a unique hybrid population consisting only of F1s. This system sheds light on the importance of hybrid traits in terms of rapid reproductive isolation.</p>
Final dataset used in our paper "Phenological shifts alter the seasonal structure of pollinator assemblages in Europe"
<p>To build this dataset we merged records from 15 sources of data, listed in Extended Table 1. The way we mergre this database is described in the method part of the paper.</p> <p>Columns descriptor:</p> <p>Latitude and Longitude : WGS 84 coordinates</p> <p>Jday: Julian day of the record</p> <p>Species_mode: Species names and phenology mode (1,2,... or NA if the phenology is unimodal)</p> <p>Order: taxonomic order of the species</p> <p>Altitude: altitude got from spatial coordinates</p> <p>Source: Source of the data</p>
Shifts in flowering phenology in response to spring temperatures in eastern Tennessee
<p>Plant phenological shifts are among the clearest indicators of the effects of climate change. In North America, numerous studies in New England have demonstrated earlier spring flowering compared to historical records. However, few studies have examined phenological shifts in the southeastern United States, a highly biodiverse region of North America characterized by dramatic variation in abiotic conditions over small geographic areas. Here, we use 1000+ digitized herbarium records along with location-specific temperature data to examine phenological shifts of 14 spring-flowering species in two adjacent ecoregions in eastern Tennessee. We show that spring-flowering plant communities in the Blue Ridge and Ridge & Valley ecoregions differ in their sensitivity to temperature; plants in the Ridge & Valley flower 2.7 days earlier/ºC on average compared to 1.3 days/ºC for plants in the Blue Ridge. Additionally, we show that for the majority of species in both ecoregions, flowering is sensitive to spring temperature; i.e., in warmer years, most species flowered earlier. Despite this sensitivity, we did not find support for community-level shifts in flowering within eastern Tennessee in recent decades, likely because increases in annual temperature in the southeast are driven primarily by warming summer (rather than spring) temperatures. These results highlight the importance of including ecoregion as a predictor in phenological models for capturing variation in sensitivity among populations and suggest that even small shifts in temperature can have dramatic effects on phenology in response to climate in the southeastern United States.</p>
Temperature and nutrient availability alter consequences of phenological shifts in predatory-prey communities
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Data from: Drastic shift in flowering phenology of F1 hybrids explains the population structure of Imperata cylindrica in Japan
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Data for: Climate change is poised to alter mountain stream ecosystem processes via organismal phenological shifts
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Data from: Shifts in phenological distributions reshape interaction potential in natural communities
Climate change has changed the phenologies of species worldwide, but it remains unclear how these phenological changes will affect species interactions and the structure of natural communities. Using a novel approach to analyse long‐term data of 66 amphibian species pairs across eight communities, we demonstrate that phenological shifts can significantly alter the interaction potential of coexisting competitors. Importantly, these changes in interaction potential were mediated by non‐uniform, species‐specific shifts in entire phenological distributions and consequently could not be captured by metrics traditionally used to quantify phenological shifts. Ultimately, these non‐uniform shifts in phenological distributions increased the interaction potential for 25% of species pairs (and did not reduce interaction potential for any species pair), altering temporal community structure and potentially increasing interspecific competition. These results demonstrate the potential of phenological shifts to reshape temporal structure of natural communities, emphasising the importance of considering entire phenological distributions of natural populations.
Data from: Non-linear effects of phenological shifts link inter-annual variation to species interactions
1. The vast majority of species interactions are seasonally structured and depend on species' relative phenologies. However, differences in the phenologies of species naturally vary across years and are altered by ongoing climate change around the world. 2. By combining experiments that shifted the relative hatching of two competing tadpole species across a productivity gradient with simulations of inter-annual variation in arrival times I tested how phenological variation across years can alter the strength and outcome of interspecific competition. 3. Shifting the relative timing of hatching (phenology) of a species fundamentally altered interspecific competition, and the effect of shifting the timing on competition was highly non-linear for most demographic rates. Furthemore, this relationship varied with productivity of the system. As a consequence, (i) shifts in relative timing of phenologies had small or large effects depending on the average natural timing of interactions, and (ii) changes in the inter-annual variation in onset of interaction alone can alter species interactions in simulations even when mean phenologies (timing) remain unchanged across years. 4. Traditionally, studies on phenologies focus on directional shifts in the mean of phenologies, but our results suggest that we also need to consider inter-annual variation in phenologies of interacting species to predict dynamics of natural communities and how they will be modified by climate change.
Experimental shifts in exotic flowering phenology produce strong indirect effects on native plant reproductive success
<ol> <li>By causing phenological shifts that vary among species, climate change is altering time envelopes for species interactions, often with unexpected demographic consequences. Indirect interactions, like apparent competition and apparent facilitation, are especially likely to change in duration because they involve multiple interactors, increasing the likelihood of asynchronous phenological shifts by at least one interactor. Thus, we might observe ecological surprises if intermediaries of indirectly interacting species change their mediating behavior.</li> <li>We explored this possibility in a plant-pollinator community that is likely to experience asynchronous phenological shifts. We advanced and delayed the flowering phenology of two ubiquitous exotic plants of western Washington prairies, <i>Hypochaeris radicata</i> and <i>Cytisus scoparius,</i> relative to seven native perennial forb species whose phenologies remained unmanipulated. These species interact indirectly through shared pollinators, whose foraging behavior influences plant reproductive success. We quantified impacts of experimental phenological shifts on seedset, pollinator visitation rates, and visiting pollinator composition relative to an unmanipulated control. We first verified that unmanipulated indirect interactions between native and exotic plants were strong, ranging from facilitative to competitive.</li> <li>Seedset of native plants was strongly affected by changes in exotic flowering phenology, but the magnitude and direction of effects were not predicted by the nature of the original indirect interaction (facilitative vs. neutral vs. competitive) or the change in interaction duration. The relationship between pollinator visitation and seedset changed for most species, though changes in pollinator visitation rate and pollinator composition were not as widespread as effects on native seedset.</li> <li> <b>Synthesis. </b>Changes in pollinator foraging behavior in response to changes in available floral resources are probably responsible for the unexpected effects we observed. Asynchronous phenological shifts have the potential to produce large and unexpected effects on reproductive success via indirect interactions.</li> </ol>
Data from: Shifts in phenological mean and synchrony interact to shape competitive outcomes
Climate change-induced phenological shifts are ubiquitous and have the potential to disrupt natural communities by changing the timing of species interactions. Shifts in first and/or mean phenological date are well documented, but recent studies indicate that shifts in synchrony (individual variation around these metrics) can be just as common. However, we know little about how both types of phenological shifts interact to affect species interactions and natural communities. Here, we experimentally manipulated the hatching phenologies of two competing species of larval amphibians to address this conceptual gap. Specifically, we manipulated the relative mean hatching time (early, same, or late relative to competitor) and population synchrony (high, medium, or low levels of variation around the mean) in a full 3x3 factorial design to measure independent and interactive effects of phenological mean and population phenological synchrony on competitive outcomes. Our results indicate that phenological synchrony within a population strongly influences intraspecific competition by changing the density of individuals and relative strength of early vs. late arriving individuals. Individuals from high synchrony populations competed symmetrically while individuals from low synchrony populations competed asymmetrically. At the community scale, shifts in population phenological synchrony interact with shifts in phenological mean to strongly affect key demographic rates (survival, biomass export, per capita mass, and emergence timing). Furthermore, changes in mean timing of species interactions altered phenological synchrony within a population at the next life stage, and phenological synchrony at one life stage altered the mean timing of the next life stage. Thus, shifts in phenological synchrony within populations can not only alter species interactions but species interactions in turn can also drive shifts in phenology.
Warming and shifting phenology accelerate an invasive plant life cycle
<p>Numerous studies have documented changes in the seasonal timing of organisms' growth and reproduction in response to climate warming. These changes correlate with documented changes in species' abundance, but mechanisms linking these trends remain elusive. We investigated the joint demographic effects of advanced reproductive phenology and warming on a globally invasive plant (<i>Carduus nutans</i>) in a field experiment, documenting a substantial shift toward completion of the life cycle at younger ages. Demographic modeling projected 71% of warmed individuals flower as annuals, compared to 61% under current conditions. As this species only reproduces once, this represents a major acceleration of the life cycle. We project a 15% increase in this invader's population growth rate. We show that rising temperatures accelerate this invasive species' population growth by increasing the average size of reproducing individuals; increasing the proportion of individuals that survive to reproduce; and increasing the fraction that reproduce as annuals. Major increases in population growth in this, and potentially many other, invasive species will threaten food security and require careful planning to avoid significant environmental and economic impacts.</p>
Phenological shifts in out-migrating juvenile Pacific salmon
<p><span>This dataset contains the rates of change in juvenile migration timing of 66 Pacific salmon populations ranging from Oregon to Alaska, the rates of change in timing of the initiation of spring phytoplankton bloom in nearby coastal regions, and covariates. Species represented in this dataset include coho salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus kisutch</em>), sockeye salmon (<em>O. nerka</em>), Chinook salmon (<em>O. tshawytscha</em>), pink salmon (<em>O. gorbuscha</em>), chum salmon (<em>O. keta</em>), and steelhead trout</span> (<span><em>O. mykiss</em>). Rates of change in salmon phenology includes rate of change in peak date, and rate of change in range (number of days between 25<sup>th</sup> and 75<sup>th</sup> quantile of migration).</span></p>
Phytoplankton life strategies, phenological shifts and climate change in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1850‐2100
<p>Supporting data for the article entitled 'Phytoplankton life strategies, phenological shifts and climate change in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1850-2100'.</p> <p>Article abstract: Significant phenological shifts induced by climate change are projected within the phytoplankton community. However, projections from current Earth System Models (ESMs) understandably rely on simplified community responses that do not consider evolutionary strategies manifested as various phenotypes and trait groups. Here, we use a species-based modelling approach, combined with large-scale plankton observations, to investigate past, contemporary and future phenological shifts in diatoms (grouped by their morphological traits) and dinoflagellates in three key areas of the North Atlantic Ocean (North Sea, North-East Atlantic and Labrador Sea) from 1850 to 2100. Our study reveals that the three phytoplanktonic groups exhibit coherent and different shifts in phenology and abundance throughout the North Atlantic Ocean. The seasonal duration of large flattened (i.e., oblate) diatoms is predicted to shrink and their abundance to decline, whereas the phenology of slow-sinking elongated (i.e., prolate) diatoms and of dinoflagellates is expected to expand and their abundance to rise, which may alter carbon export in this important sink region. The increase in prolates and dinoflagellates, two groups currently not considered in ESMs, may alleviate the negative influence of global climate change on oblates, which are responsible of massive peaks of biomass and carbon export in spring. We suggest that including prolates and dinoflagellates in models may improve our understanding of the influence of global climate change on the biological carbon cycle in the oceans.</p> <p>The data provided here are the observed and modelled abundances (oblate and prolate diatoms and dinoflagellates), the observed and modelled environmental data (compiled data for sea surface temperature, Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation and disolved nitrates concentrations) in the North Sea, the North-East Atlantic and the Labrador Sea, and the phenological indices for the three different phytoplanktonic groups (i.e. oblate and prolate diatoms and dinoflagellates) and the three warming scenarios (the low, the medium and the high warming scenarios; SSP1-1.2.6 SSP2-4.5 and 5-8.5 respectively). The phenological indices are the maximum abundance, the day where the maximum abundance is reached, the day where the seasonal reproductive period is initiated and the day where it is terminated, the seasonal duration and the mean annual abundance. </p>
Warming and shifting phenology accelerate an invasive plant life cycle
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Data from: Shifts in phenological mean and synchrony interact to shape competitive outcomes
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Data from: Shifts in phenological distributions reshape interaction potential in natural communities
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Grasshopper species’ seasonal timing underlies shifts in community phenological overlap in response to climate gradients, variability, and change
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.