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22 results for “phenological structure”
Data from: Drastic shift in flowering phenology of F1 hybrids explains the population structure of Imperata cylindrica in Japan
<p>Hybridization is a major source of phenotypic variation and a driving force for evolution. On the other hand, these novel traits can often disrupt adaptive relationships between the parental phenotypes and their environments. However, it remains unclear how new hybrid traits disrupt local adaptation. Here, we report how a new phenotype of hybrids between two ecotypes of Imperata cylindrica contributes to rapid reproductive isolation from their parents and affects hybrid fitness.</p> <p>We analyzed 350 accessions of I. cylindrica collected from the 1980s to the 2010s throughout Japan to explore the genetic population structure of the hybrids. We surveyed flowering periods, seed sets, and germination of two ecotypes and their hybrids in both natural habitats and common gardens.</p> <p>Genetic analyses of population structure revealed that the hybrid populations consisted of only F1 individuals, without post-F1 hybrids. The flowering phenology of the F1 plants was delayed to autumn, 5–6 months later than the parental ecotypes.</p> <p>The drastic shift in flowering phenology prevents F1s from backcrossing. In addition, it changes their seed dispersal time to winter. Germination is inhibited by low temperatures, and the seeds likely decay before the next spring, resulting in the absence of an F2 generation. For the first time in the field, we found environmental mismatch of F1 as a specific mechanism for the maintenance of only F1 populations.</p> <p>Synthesis. We have demonstrated that this flowering phenology mismatch promotes reproductive isolation between the parents and F1s and affects various temporal components of the hybrids, resulting in a unique hybrid population consisting only of F1s. This system sheds light on the importance of hybrid traits in terms of rapid reproductive isolation.</p>
Fig. 9 in Phenology And Population Structure Of Forest Herbaceous Species In Artificial And Natural Communities In The Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 9. Influence of monthly average temperatures on date of flowering onset: Helleborus caucasica (1), Anemonoides nemorosa (2), Ficaria verna (3), Corydalis solida (4), Gymnospermum odessanum (5), C. marshalliana (6), Viola odorata (7), Anemonoides ranunculoides (8). See explanations in the text.
Fig. 12 in Phenology And Population Structure Of Forest Herbaceous Species In Artificial And Natural Communities In The Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 12. Dependence of variability of the date (expressed by coefficient of variation) of flowering onset onto its average value (a) and amplitude of variations of monthly average temperatures (b) for 7 years of observations.
Fig. 4 in Phenology And Population Structure Of Forest Herbaceous Species In Artificial And Natural Communities In The Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 4. The age structure of populations in artificial plant community: a – association of Glechoma hederaceae L. + Pulmonaria obscura (1) + Viola odorata + Lysimachia nummularia L.; association Pulmonaria obscura + Viola odorata + Viola alba + Primula veris (2); b – association of Hepatica nobilis (3) + Anemonoides blanda (4) + Viola odorata + Ficaria verna (5).
Fig. 5 in Phenology And Population Structure Of Forest Herbaceous Species In Artificial And Natural Communities In The Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 5. The age structure of populations of spring ephemeroids in 2011–2012; a – Corydalis solida, b – Anemonoides ranunculoides, c – A. blanda.
Fig. 11 in Phenology And Population Structure Of Forest Herbaceous Species In Artificial And Natural Communities In The Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 11. Dependence of flowering phenophase-starting date onto precipitation in forest herbaceous perennials. a: Anemonoides nemorosa (1), Corydalis marshalliana (2), Anemonoides ranunculoides (3), Gymnospermum odessanum (4), Viola odorata (5), Anemonoides blanda (6). b: Anemona sylvestris (7), November precipitation; Hepatica nobilis (8), July precipitation; Hepatica nobilis (9), January precipitation; Anemona sylvestris previous year July precipitation (10)".
Fig. 3 in Phenology And Population Structure Of Forest Herbaceous Species In Artificial And Natural Communities In The Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 3. The age structure of populations in artificial plant community: a – association of Ficaria verna (1) + Corydalis solida (2) + Viola odorata + Anemonoides blanda (3) + Anemonoides ranunculoides, b – Corydalis paczoskii (5)" - "Corydalis paczoskii (4)"; "Gymnospermium odessanum (6)" – "Gymnospermium odessanum (5)".
Fig. 6 in Phenology And Population Structure Of Forest Herbaceous Species In Artificial And Natural Communities In The Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 6. The age structure of populations in natural plant community: a – association of Corydalis solida (1) + Anemonoides ranunculoides (2) + Ficaria verna (3) + Corydalis marschalliana (4); b –Association Ficaria verna (5) + Corydalis solida (6) + Viola odorata + Fragaria vesca.
Fig. 7 in Phenology And Population Structure Of Forest Herbaceous Species In Artificial And Natural Communities In The Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 7. The age structure of populations of spring ephemeroids under artificial plant community conditions (1) and natural ravine forest (2): a – Corydalis solida, b – Ficaria verna, c – Anemonoides ranunculoides.
Fig. 1 in Phenology And Population Structure Of Forest Herbaceous Species In Artificial And Natural Communities In The Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 1. The age structure of populations in artificial plant community: a – association of Ficaria verna (1) + Anemonoides blanda (2) + Corydalis solida (3), b – "Ficaria verna (3)" to "Ficaria verna (4)"; "Anemonoides blanda (4)" - "Anemonoides blanda (5)"; "Corydalis solida (5)" – "Corydalis solida (6)".
Fig. 10 in Phenology And Population Structure Of Forest Herbaceous Species In Artificial And Natural Communities In The Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 10. Influence of January-April total precipitation value on the date of Primula veris budding onset.
Fig. 2 in Phenology And Population Structure Of Forest Herbaceous Species In Artificial And Natural Communities In The Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 2. The age structure of populations in artificial plant community: a - association Anemonoides ranunculoides (1) + Corydalis solida (2) + Corydalis marschalliana, b - association Ficaria verna (3) + Anemonoides ranunculoides (4) + Anemonoides nemorosa, (5) + Corydalis solida (6).
Final dataset used in our paper "Phenological shifts alter the seasonal structure of pollinator assemblages in Europe"
<p>To build this dataset we merged records from 15 sources of data, listed in Extended Table 1. The way we mergre this database is described in the method part of the paper.</p> <p>Columns descriptor:</p> <p>Latitude and Longitude : WGS 84 coordinates</p> <p>Jday: Julian day of the record</p> <p>Species_mode: Species names and phenology mode (1,2,... or NA if the phenology is unimodal)</p> <p>Order: taxonomic order of the species</p> <p>Altitude: altitude got from spatial coordinates</p> <p>Source: Source of the data</p>
Data from: Drastic shift in flowering phenology of F1 hybrids explains the population structure of Imperata cylindrica in Japan
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Fig. 8 in Phenology And Population Structure Of Forest Herbaceous Species In Artificial And Natural Communities In The Steppe Zone Of Ukraine
Fig. 8. Dates of onset and duration of budding (1) and flowering (2).
Data from: Genetic population structure and variation at phenology-related loci in anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
The Arctic will be especially affected by climate change, resulting in altered seasonal timing. Anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) is strongly influenced by sea surface temperature (SST) delimiting time periods available for foraging in the sea. Recent studies of salmonid species have shown variation at phenology-related loci associated with timing of migration and spawning. We contrasted genetic population structure at 53 SNPs versus four phenology-related loci among 15 anadromous Arctic char populations from Western Greenland and three outgroup populations. Among anadromous populations, the time period available for foraging at sea (> 2oC) ranges from a few weeks to several months, motivating two research questions: 1) Is population structure compatible with possibilities for evolutionary rescue of anadromous populations during climate change? 2) Does selection associated with latitude or SST regimes act on phenology-related loci? In Western Greenland, strong isolation-by-distance at SNPs was observed and spatial autocorrelation analysis showed genetic patch size up to 450 km, documenting contingency and gene flow among populations. Outlier tests provided no evidence for selection at phenology-related loci. However, in Western Greenland, mean allele length at OtsClock1b was positively associated with the time of year when SST first exceeded 2oC and negatively associated with duration of the period where SST exceeded 2oC. This is consistent with local adaptation for making full use of the time period available for foraging in the sea. Current adaptation may become maladaptive under climate change, but long-distance connectivity of anadromous populations could redistribute adaptive variation across populations and lead to evolutionary rescue.
Population structure and dynamics, breeding activity and phenology of the blue-sided treefrog (Agalychnis annae)
<p>Agalychnis annae is a species endemic to Costa Rica and Panama with populations shrinking or disappearing from several locations. We studied the reproduction of a relict population of A. annae in a 1,300 m2 natural pond in Costa Rica during 2007–2008. We marked adults with a visible implant alphanumeric tag injected in the thigh. We measured reproductive effort considering calling males per night and per hour, number of pairs in amplexus, and number of egg masses. We summed 366 individual observations: 57% juveniles, 39% adult males and 4% adult females. Average SVL was 29 mm (juveniles), 63 mm (males) and 78 mm (females). Sex ratio (males:females) was 4.85:1, while operational sex ratio varied between 1–6 males per female when both sexes were present at the pond. Maximum estimated census population size varied between 27 and 59 individuals, with a Ne = 43.11. Calling activity occurred mostly from 1800 h – 2000 h, and we counted 65 egg masses. Number of adults and calling males were positively correlated with accumulated rainfall and average temperature. Number of egg masses was positively correlated with the number of adults, accumulated rainfall, and average temperature. The causes of the long-term population decline must be identified to conserve A. annae and similar species, as well as establishing long-term monitoring programs. Required conservation actions include: translocation individuals from risky areas, creation of artificial ponds to increase ecological connectivity, elimination of introduced species, particularly in small habitat remnants, and establishment of ex situ conservation programs.</p>
Population structure and dynamics, breeding activity and phenology of the blue-sided treefrog (Agalychnis annae)
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Data from: Genetic population structure and variation at phenology-related loci in anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
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Data from: Contrasting responses in community structure and phenology of migratory and non-migratory pollinators to urbanization
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