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34 results for “phenotype stability”
Data for: Associations between leaf developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in an architectural perspective
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Associations between developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity have been predicted, but rarely supported by direct evidence. Architectural analysis may provide a more powerful approach to finding correlations among these mechanisms in plants. T</span><span>o investigate the relationships among the three mechanisms in architectural perspective, w</span><span>e </span><span>subjected plants of </span><em><span>Abutilon theophrasti</span></em><span> to three densities, measured and calculated </span><span>fluctuating asymmetry (FA), coefficients of variation (CV)</span><span> and </span><span>plasticity (PI) of three leaf traits, to analyze the </span><span>correlations among these variables.</span><span> As density increased, mean leaf size, petiole length and angle of most layers and mean leaf FA of some layers decreased (at both stages), CV of petiole angle increased (at day 50), and PI of petiole length and angle across all layers decreased (at day 70); leaf FA and CV of traits generally increased with higher layers at all densities. At both stages, there were more positive correlations between FA and CV at lower vs. high densities; at day 50, little correlation of plasticity with FA or CV was found; at day 70, more positive correlations between FA and PI occurred for response to high vs. low density than for response to medium vs. low density, and more positive correlations between CV and PI occurred at lower vs. high densities. Results suggested that developmental instability, decreased canalization and plasticity can be cooperative and the relationships between decreased canalization and plasticity are more likely to be positive if decreased canalization is due to vibrant growth rather than stressful effects. The relationships of plasticity with developmental instability differed from its relationship with decreased canalization in the way of variation. Decreased canalization should be more beneficial for possible plasticity in the future, while canalization may result from already-expressed plasticity.</span></p>
Data for: Associations between leaf developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in an architectural perspective
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Data from: Associations between developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in plants with temporally heterogeneous environmental experience
<p>We subjected eight plant species to a first round of alternating inundation and drought vs. constantly moderate water treatments and a second round of water conditions. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), intra- and inter-individual variations (CV<sub>intra</sub> and CV<sub>inter</sub>), and plasticity in traits were measured and correlations between variables were calculated for each species. Early temporally heterogeneous experience decreased the leaf size of half of the species, but had complex effects on leaf fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and inter-individual variation (CV<sub>inter</sub>) in traits immediately or in late conditions, with little effects on intra-individual variation (CV<sub>intra</sub>). There were several positive correlations between FA and CV<sub>inter</sub>, while there were correlations between CV<sub>inter</sub> and plasticity in early treatments, but negative ones in late treatments.</p>
Data from: Freshwater fishes maintain multi-trait phenotypic stability across an environmental gradient in aqueous calcium
<p>Reductions in a limiting nutrient might be expected to necessitate compromises in the functional traits that depend on that nutrient; yet populations existing in locations with low levels of such nutrients often do not show the expected degradation of functional traits. Indeed, we previously found that fish of three species, Logperch (<em>Percina caprodes</em>),Pumpkinseed Sunfish (<em>Lepomis gibbosus</em>), and Yellow Perch (<em>Perca flavescens</em>) residing in low-calcium water in the Upper St. Lawrence River nevertheless maintained levels of scale calcium comparable to those of conspecific populations in high-calcium water. However, it remains possible that the maintenance of one functional trait under nutrient-limited conditions could come at the expense of maintaining other functional traits that depend on that same nutrient. Hence, we here extend prior work by examining other calcium-dependent traits: skeletal element sizes and bone densities in the same fish species in the same area. Using radiographs of 101 fish from the three species across four locations (two in high-calcium water and two in low-calcium water), we document multi-trait "homeostasis" along the gradient of water calcium. That is, we did not detect any effect of calcium regime (low-calcium versus high-calcium) on any of the measured variables. Further, effect sizes for the skeletal traits were very low – lower even than effect sizes previously documented for scale calcium. Our results thus show that native fishes maintain phenotype stability across a suite of functional traits linked to calcium regulation, perhaps pointing to an "organismal-level homeostasis" scenario rather than a "trait-level homeostasis" scenario. </p>
Data from: Freshwater fishes maintain multi-trait phenotypic stability across an environmental gradient in aqueous calcium
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Data from: Associations between developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in plants with temporally heterogeneous environmental experience
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Data from: How stabilizing selection and nongenetic inheritance combine to shape the evolution of phenotypic plasticity
Relatively little is known about whether and how nongenetic inheritance interacts with selection to impact the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we empirically evaluated how stabilizing selection and a common form of nongenetic inheritance––maternal environmental effects––jointly influence the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in natural populations of spadefoot toads. We compared populations that previous field work has shown to have evolved conspicuous plasticity in resource-use phenotypes ('resource polyphenism') with those that, owing to stabilizing selection favouring a narrower range of such phenotypes, appear to have lost this plasticity. We show that: 1) this apparent loss of plasticity in nature reflects a condition-dependent maternal effect and not a genetic loss of plasticity; i.e., 'genetic assimilation', and 2) this plasticity is not costly. By shielding non-costly plasticity from selection, nongenetic inheritance generally, and maternal effects specifically, can preclude genetic assimilation from occurring and consequently impede adaptive (genetic) evolution.
Associations among cotyledon developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in response to shading and burial depth in five herbaceous species at early seedling stage
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Premise of research. </span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Cotyledons have important functions in early seedling stage and have important effects on later stages, but we know little about the relationships among developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in cotyledons. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Methodology. </span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>We conducted </span><span><span>a field</span></span><span> experiment with five herbaceous species, by subjecting them to contrasting light conditions and burial depths and measuring their cotyledon size and fluctuating asymmetry (random deviation from perfect bilateral symmetry, indicating developmental stability or instability), coefficient of variation and plasticity of cotyledon size,</span><span> </span><span>to investigate the relationships among</span><span> </span><span>cotyledon developmental stability, canalization and plasticity in response to shading and deep burial. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Pivotal </span><span><span>r</span></span><span>esults. </span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em><span>Pharbitis purpurea</span></em><span>, </span><em><span>Convolvulus arvensis</span></em><span> and </span><em><span>Carpesium</span></em><span> </span><em><span>abrotanoides</span></em><span> had increased cotyledon size in response to shading at both burial depths;</span><em><span> Abutilon theophrasti</span></em><span> showed reduced cotyledon size in response to shading vs. full light at shallow depth, but greater cotyledon size </span><span>in response to </span><span>both shading and deep burial. </span><span>Shading increased cotyledon fluctuating asymmetry of</span><em><span> </span></em><em><span>P</span></em><em><span><span>.</span></span></em><em><span> purpurea</span></em><span> and </span><em><span>C</span></em><em><span><span>.</span></span></em><span> </span><em><span>abrotanoides</span></em><span>, while deep burial decreased it. Cotyledon fluctuating asymmetry had positive correlations with coefficient of variation and plasticity in response to shade in shading, with little correlation between coefficient of variation and plasticity. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span><span>C</span></span><span>onclusions. </span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Results suggested</span><span> </span><em><span>A</span></em><em><span><span>.</span></span></em><em><span> theophrasti</span></em><span> </span><span>may have greater tolerance for multiple stresses than the other species,</span><span> and deep burial may improve shade tolerance of cotyledons through moderate level of stress selection</span><span>. Both developmental instability</span><span> and decreased canalization may indicate </span><span><span>the</span></span><span> state of faster growth. </span><span>Developmental instability</span><span> can facilitate more-active response to shading in cotyledon, while the relationship between canalization and plasticity should be more complex. </span></p>
Associations between leaf developmental stability, variability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in Abutilon theophrasti
<p>Developmental stability, canalization, and phenotypic plasticity are the most common sources of phenotypic variation, yet comparative studies investigating the relationships between these sources, specifically in plants, are lacking. To investigate the relationships among developmental stability or instability, developmental variability, canalization and plasticity in plants, we conducted a field experiment with Abutilon theophrasti, by subjecting plants to three densities under infertile vs. fertile soil conditions. We measured the leaf width (leaf size) and calculated fluctuating asymmetry (FA), coefficient of variation within and among individuals (CVintra and CVinter), and plasticity (PIrel) in leaf size at day 30, 50 and 70 of plant growth, to analyze the correlations among these variables in response to density and soil conditions, at each of or across all growth stages. Results showed increased density led to lower leaf FA, CVintra and PIrel and higher CVinter in fertile soil. A positive correlation between FA and PIrel occurred in infertile soil, while correlations between CVinter and PIrel and between CVinter and CVintra were negative at high density and/or in fertile soil, with non-significant correlations among them in other cases. Results suggested the complexity of responses of developmental instability, variability and canalization in leaf size as well as their relationships, which depend on the strength of stresses. Intense aboveground competition that accelerates the decrease in leaf size (leading to lower plasticity) will be more likely to reduce developmental instability, variability and canalization in leaf size. Increased developmental instability and intra- and inter-individual variability should be advantageous and facilitate adaptive plasticity in less stressful conditions, thus they are more likely to positively correlate with plasticity; whereas developmental stability and canalization with lower developmental variability should be beneficial for stabilizing plant performance in more stressful conditions, where they tend to have more negative correlations with plasticity. </p>
Figure 2 in Stability and acceleration of phenotypic evolution in spiny rats (Trinomys, Echimyidae) across different environments
Figure 2. Time-calibrated BI tree of Trinomys based on eight genes. Horizontal bars across nodes represent 95% highest posterior density (HPD) of divergence-time estimates. Letters above nodes correspond to the nodes described in Table 2. Horizontal bar at bottom represents time scale in million years ago (Mya).
Figure 1 in Stability and acceleration of phenotypic evolution in spiny rats (Trinomys, Echimyidae) across different environments
Figure 1. Skull of Trinomys. Dorsal (top), ventral (center) and lateral (bottom) views illustrating the 18 linear measurements used in the present study. GSL, greatest skull length; LN, length of nasals; LR, length of rostrum; IOC, least interorbital constriction; WZ, width of zygomatic arches; WM, width of mastoids; BAL, basilar length; LIF, length of incisive foramen; D, length of diastema; PLA, palatal length A; PLB, palatal length B; LMS, length of molar series; PPL, post-palatal length; LBu, length of auditory bulla; HB, height of braincase; WMax, width of maxillary; WR, width of rostrum; DR, depth of rostrum. Figure modified from Nicola et al. (2003).
Figure 4 in Stability and acceleration of phenotypic evolution in spiny rats (Trinomys, Echimyidae) across different environments
Figure 4. Mean estimates of pairwise rates of phenotypic change (J) along the size axis (A) and multivariate axes PC1 (B), PC2 (C) and PC3 (D), and mean estimates of pairwise rates of general phenotypic change (J0) based in Mahalanobis distances (E). Columns represent mean estimates and error bars 95% confidence intervals. AF X AF, estimates between Atlantic Forest species; AF X y, estimates between Atlantic Forest species and T. yonenagae; AF X a, estimates between Atlantic Forest species and T. albispinus.
Figure 3 in Stability and acceleration of phenotypic evolution in spiny rats (Trinomys, Echimyidae) across different environments
Figure 3. Scores of individuals of Trinomys plotted in morphospaces formed by the size axis vs. PC1 (A), PC2 vs. PC3 (B) and CV1 vs. CV2 (C). Trinomys eliasi, T. albispinus and T. yonenagae are enclosed in convex grey polygons.
Phenotypic stability in scalar calcium of freshwater fish across a wide range of aqueous calcium availability in nature
<div> <p>Spatial environmental gradients can promote adaptive differences among conspecific populations as a result of local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity. Such divergence can be opposed by various constraints, including gene flow, limited genetic variation, temporal fluctuations, or developmental constraints. We focus on the constraint that can be imposed when some populations are found in locations characterized by low levels of an essential nutrient. We use scales of wild fish to investigate phenotypic effects of spatial variation in a potentially limiting nutrient – calcium. If scale calcium (we use "scalar" calcium for consistency with the physiology literature) simply reflects environmental calcium availability, we expect higher levels of scalar calcium in fish from calcium-rich water, compared to fish from calcium-poor water. To consider this "passive response" scenario, we analysed scalar calcium concentrations from three native fish species (<em>Lepomis gibbosus</em>, <em>Percina caprodes</em>, and <em>Perca flavescens</em>) collected at multiple sites across a dissolved calcium gradient in the Upper St. Lawrence River. Contradicting the "passive response" scenario, we did not detect strong or consistent relationships between scalar calcium and water calcium. Instead, for a given proportional increase in water calcium across the wide environmental gradient, the corresponding proportional change in scalar calcium was much smaller. We thus favor the alternative "active homeostasis" scenario, wherein fish from calcium-poor water are better able to uptake, mobilize, and deposit calcium than are fish from calcium-rich water. We further highlight the importance of studying functional traits, such as scales, in their natural setting as opposed to only laboratory studies.</p> </div>
Implications and Stability of Clinical and Molecular Phenotypes of Severe Asthma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01748175. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Phenotypic stability in scalar calcium of freshwater fish across a wide range of aqueous calcium availability in nature
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Associations between leaf developmental stability, variability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in Abutilon theophrasti
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Data from: Effects of environmental disturbance on phenotypic variation: an integrated assessment of canalization, developmental stability, modularity and allometry in lizard head shape
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Data from: How stabilizing selection and nongenetic inheritance combine to shape the evolution of phenotypic plasticity
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Associations among cotyledon developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in response to shading and burial depth in five herbaceous species at early seedling stage
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.