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32 results for “phosphorus addition”
Effects of factorial nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with micronutrient addition and Host Community on Fungal Endophyte Diversity at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Reserve, Minnesota, USA, 2014
The microbes contained within free-living organisms can alter host growth, reproduction, and interactions with the environment. In turn, processes occurring at larger scales determine the local biotic and abiotic environment of each host that may affect the diversity and composition of the microbiome community. Here, we examine variation in the diversity and composition of the foliar fungal microbiome in the grass host, Andropogon gerardii, across a factorial nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium addition experiment in Minnesota, USA. We found limited evidence of direct effects of nutrients on endophyte diversity. Instead, the effects of nutrients on endophyte diversity appeared to be mediated by accumulation of plant litter and plant diversity loss. Specifically, nitrogen addition is associated with a 40% decrease in plant diversity and an 11% decrease in endophyte richness. Although nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium addition increased aboveground live biomass and decreased relative Andropogon cover, endophyte diversity did not covary with live plant biomass or Andropogon cover. Our results suggest that fungal endophyte diversity within this focal host is determined in part by the diversity of the surrounding plant community and its potential impact on immigrant propagules and dispersal dynamics. Our results suggest that elemental nutrients reduce endophyte diversity indirectly via impacts on the local plant community, not direct response to nutrient addition.
Soil and root-associated fungal response to nitrogen and phosphorus addition from grasslands worldwide: 2011-2012.
Ecosystems across the globe receive elevated inputs of nutrients, but the consequences of this for soil fungal guilds that mediate key ecosystem functions remain unclear. We found that nitrogen and phosphorus addition to 25 grasslands distributed across four continents promoted the relative abundance of fungal pathogens, suppressed mutualists, but did not affect saprotrophs. Structural equation models suggested that responses were often indirect and primarily mediated by nutrient-induced shifts in plant communities. Nutrient addition also reduced co-occurrences within and among fungal guilds, which could have important consequences for belowground interactions. Focusing only on plots that received no nutrient addition, soil properties influenced pathogen abundance globally, whereas plant community characteristics influenced mutualists, and climate influenced saprotrophs. These guild-level responses enhance our ability to predict soil functional responses to anthropogenic eutrophication and the associated longer-term responses of plant communities to this important global change factor.
Dark respiration and photosynthesis data from Dry Heath Nitrogen & Phosphorus addition plots, Arctic LTER, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, summers 2023-2024.
To determine the effects of weather variability on Arctic plant functioning, we conducted this study looking at the response of plant dark respiration and photosynthesis to short-term, high-frequency, temperature and light variability. We measured Betula nana, Chamaenerion angustifolium, and Calamagrostis stricta from the dry heath tundra N&P fertilized plots. We took measurements through two summer seasons. The first summer we obtained data regarding responses to variable temperature and light, and in the second summer we obtained the dark respiration to temperature response and photosynthesis to light response curves.
Mangrove soil phosphorus addition experiment from June 2013 to August 2013 at the mangrove peat soil mesocosms (FCE), Key Largo, Florida - Nutrients in Porewater, Soil and Roots
Sea levels in South Florida are conservatively predicted to rise by 0.60 m by 2060. The key mechanisms that maintain coastal peatland elevation against increasing sea level are organic matter accumulation via plant production and mineral sedimentation rates (Smoak et al. 2013). Although coastal mangrove soils are regularly inundated with seawater, little is know about the drivers of carbon sequestration (above or below ground) versus atmospheric efflux under different conditions of salinity and elevated phosphorus (P) associated with sea-level rise and storm surge. A recent study using mangrove peat soils found that seawater inundation reduced soil carbon efflux losses and salinity concentration had little effect on carbon retention or loss pathways. The next logical steps are to understand how plant-soil interactions affect above and below ground carbon processes, as well as how increases in P associated with storm surge from the Gulf of Mexico will influence physical, chemical and biological components of mangrove soils that are associated with above and belowground carbon processes. We will manipulate P in inundated peat soil mesocosms with disturbed and undisturbed red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) seedlings to identify some of the fundamental mechanisms of soil elevation and carbon cycling given expected increases in seawater-based P availability in South Florida coastal mangroves.
Mangrove soil phosphorus addition experiment from July 2013 to August 2013 at the mangrove peat soil mesocosms (FCE), Key Largo, Florida - Nutrients in Surface Water and Aboveground Biomass
Sea levels in South Florida are conservatively predicted to rise by 0.60 m by 2060. The key mechanisms that maintain coastal peatland elevation against increasing sea level are organic matter accumulation via plant production and mineral sedimentation rates (Smoak et al. 2013). Although coastal mangrove soils are regularly inundated with seawater, little is know about the drivers of carbon sequestration (above or below ground) versus atmospheric efflux under different conditions of salinity and elevated phosphorus (P) associated with sea-level rise and storm surge. A recent study using mangrove peat soils found that seawater inundation reduced soil carbon efflux losses and salinity concentration had little effect on carbon retention or loss pathways. The next logical steps are to understand how plant-soil interactions affect above and below ground carbon processes, as well as how increases in P associated with storm surge from the Gulf of Mexico will influence physical, chemical and biological components of mangrove soils that are associated with above and belowground carbon processes. We will manipulate P in inundated peat soil mesocosms with disturbed and undisturbed red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) seedlings to identify some of the fundamental mechanisms of soil elevation and carbon cycling given expected increases in seawater-based P availability in South Florida coastal mangroves.
Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE): Nitrogen and phosphorus additions affect fruiting of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a temperate hardwood forest, 2018
The functioning of mycorrhizal symbioses is tied to soil nutrient status, suggesting that nutrient availability should influence the reproduction of mycorrhizal fungi. To quantify the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability on ectomycorrhizal fungal fruiting, we collected > 4,000 epigeous sporocarps representing 19 families during the course of a season in a full factorial NxP addition experiment in six replicate forest stands. Nutrient effects on fruiting shifted as the season progressed, with early fruiting species responding more to P and late-fruiting species responding more to N. The composition of species fruiting in young successional forests differed more with nutrient addition than in mature forests. Sporocarp abundance and species richness were suppressed by N addition. This work shows that N and P availability affect ectomycorrhizal fungal fruiting, with these effects taking place within a context defined by stand age and the progression of fruiting across the season. The data table in this data package contains the sprorocarp observation counts and biomass. Corresponding DNA sequences can be found in GenBank at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=MT345178%3AMT345282%5Baccn%5D Additional detail on the MELNHE project, including a datatable of site descriptions and a pdf file with the project description and diagram of plot configuration can be found in this data package: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?packageid=knb-lter-hbr.344.2 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on resident soil and root mycobiomes in beech forests
<p>The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of fertilizers on root-associated and soil residing fungi in beech forests. We report data from a fertilization experiment in three temperate beech forest with contrasting soil phosphorus concentrations. We used soil cores and the fractions of the organic layer and mineral topsoil separately of spring and fall 2018. We collected bulk soil and roots. We provide data on soil for pH, mineral elements, ammonium, nitrate, carbon, nitrogen. We provide data on root mineral nutrients, carbon and nitrogen. Illumina sequencing in soil and roots provides fungal amplicon sequence variant (ASV) and morphotyping of beech fine roots the active colonizing ectomycorrhizal fungi, including diversity parameters.</p>
Contrasting responses of fine root biomass and traits to large-scale nitrogen and phosphorus addition in tropical forests in the Guiana shield
<p>Fine roots mediate plant nutrient acquisition and growth. Depending on soil nutrient availability, plants can regulate fine root biomass and morphological traits to optimise nutrient acquisition. Little is known, however, about the importance of these parameters influencing forest functioning. In this study, we measured root responses to nutrient additions to gain a mechanistic understanding of plant adaptations to nutrient limitation in two tropical forests in French Guiana, differing two-fold in their soil nutrient statuses. We analysed the responses of root biomass, mean root diameter (RD), specific root length (SRL), specific root area (SRA), root tissue density (RTD) and carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in roots down to 15 cm soil depth after three years of N and P additions. At the lower-fertility site Paracou, no changes in root biomass or morphological traits were detected with either N or P addition, although P concentrations in roots increased with P addition. In the higher fertility site, Nouragues, root biomass and P concentrations in roots increased with P addition, with no changes in morphological traits. In contrast, N addition shifted root traits from acquisitive to more conservative by increasing RTD. A significant interaction between N and P in Nouragues pointed to stronger responses to P addition in the absence of N. Our results suggest that the magnitude and direction of root biomass and trait expression were regulated by soil fertility, corroborated by the response to N or P additions. At low fertility sites, we found lower plasticity in root trait expression compared to more fertile conditions, where N and P additions caused stronger and antagonistic responses. Identifying the exact role of mechanisms affecting root nutrient uptake in Amazon forests growing in different soils will be crucial to foresee if and how rapid global changes can affect their carbon allocation.</p>
Vertical profiles of leaf photosynthesis and leaf traits, and soil nutrients in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana before and after a three-year nitrogen and phosphorus addition experiment
<p>We provide a comprehensive dataset of vertical profiles of photosynthetic capacity and important leaf traits, including leaf N and P concentrations, from two three-year, large-scale fertilisation experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana. These data present a unique source of information to further improve model representations of the roles of N, P, and other leaf nutrients, in photosynthesis in tropical forests. To further facilitate the use of our data in syntheses and model studies, we provide an elaborate list of ancillary data, including important soil properties and nutrients, along with the leaf data. As environmental drivers are key to improve our understanding of carbon (C)-nutrient cycle interactions, this comprehensive dataset will aid to further enhance our understanding of how nutrient availability interacts with C uptake in tropical forests.</p>
Eighteen-year nitrogen addition does not increase plant phosphorus demand in a nitrogen-saturated tropical forest
<ol> <li><span>Nitrogen (N) deposition usually increases plant tissue N concentrations and thus phosphorus (P) demand in young and/or N-limited forests, but the N-deposition effect on plant P demand has rarely been assessed in N-saturated forests.</span></li> <li><span>Impacts of 18-year external N additions (Control: 0, Low N: 50, Moderate N:100, and High N: 150 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>) on leaf P of four plant life-forms (tree, shrub, herb, and liana), P fractions of bulk and rhizosphere soils were examined in a N-saturated mature tropical forest in southern China. </span></li> <li><span>Leaf N, P, and N: P ratios of all plant life-forms remained stable under three N-additions. Among soil P fractions, moderate labile organic P increased by 25-33% across three N-additions; and soil total P was increased by 11.76 % under Low N, and 8.87% under High N, compared with the control. The PLS-PM results showed that the path coefficient of microbial community to available P significantly increased and of inorganic P to available P significantly decreased under N additions than control. N additions improved soil P availability through microbe-mediated P transformation: Low N significantly increased soil microbial taxonomic diversity, and a higher microbial diversity could enlarge the sources of nutrient acquisition and stimulate decomposition of recalcitrant organic matters; while High N significantly decreased soil microbial taxonomic diversity, the remaining microorganisms that were screened by N-rich environments had the characteristics of resisting the N-addition effects and maintained efficient P acquisition.</span></li> <li> <span><em>Synthesis</em>.</span><span> Our findings provide a novel line of evidence that long-term N deposition did not increase plant P demand in a N-saturated mature tropical forest. The underlying mechanism is that plants did not increase N uptakes therefore nor increase P uptakes (a stable leaf N: P stoichiometry) in an already N-saturated ecosystem. Different N addition rates regulated soil P transformation via microbial community transition. These findings help improve the understanding of plant P acquisition and modeling of biogeochemical N-P cycling and vegetation productivity in N-rich forest ecosystems, particularly considering the fact that chronic N deposition may likely lead to soil N richness and even saturation of many forests in the future.</span> </li> </ol>
Dataset for: Asymmetric response of aboveground and belowground temporal stability to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in a Tibetan alpine grassland
<p><span>Anthropogenic eutrophication is known to impair the stability of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), but its effects on the stability of belowground (BNPP) and total (TNPP) net primary productivity remain poorly understood. Based on a nitrogen and phosphorus addition experiment in a Tibetan alpine grassland, we show that nitrogen addition had little impact on the </span><span>temporal stability</span><span> of ANPP, BNPP and TNPP, whereas phosphorus addition reduced the </span><span>temporal stability</span><span> of BNPP and TNPP, </span><span>but not ANPP</span><span>. Significant interactive effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition were observed on the stability of ANPP because of the opposite phosphorus effects under </span><span>ambient and enriched nitrogen conditions</span><span>. We found that the stability of TNPP was primarily driven by that of BNPP rather than that of ANPP. The responses of BNPP stability cannot be predicted by those of ANPP stability, as the variations in responses of ANPP and BNPP to enriched nutrients, with ANPP increased while BNPP remained unaffected, resulted in asymmetric responses in their stability. The dynamics of grasses, the most abundant plant functional group, instead of community species diversity, largely contributed to the ANPP stability. </span><span>Under the enriched nutrient condition, the synchronization of grasses reduced the grass stability, while the latter had a significant but weak negative impact on the BNPP stability. </span><span>These findings challenge the prevalent view that species diversity regulates the responses of ecosystem stability to nutrient enrichment. Our findings also suggest that the ecological consequences of nutrient enrichment on ecosystem stability cannot be accurately predicted from the responses of aboveground components, and highlight the need for a better understanding of the belowground ecosystem dynamics.</span></p>
Study of Dietary Additive Phosphorus on Proteinuria and Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02020785. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Dataset for: Asymmetric response of aboveground and belowground temporal stability to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in a Tibetan alpine grassland
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Eighteen-year nitrogen addition does not increase plant phosphorus demand in a nitrogen-saturated tropical forest
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Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on resident soil and root mycobiomes in beech forests
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Contrasting responses of fine root biomass and traits to large-scale nitrogen and phosphorus addition in tropical forests in the Guiana shield
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Data from: Mycorrhizal suppression and phosphorus addition influence the stability of plant community composition and function in a temperate steppe
<p>Nutrient enrichment can reduce ecosystem stability, typically measured as the temporal stability of productivity that has multiple underlying mechanism including species resistance and resilience to nutrient pulses and the resulting compositional change. Moreover, nutrient enrichment can alter plant-soil interactions (e.g. mycorrhizal symbiosis) that determine plant productivity and diversity. Thus, it is likely that nutrient enrichment and interactions between plants and their soil communities co-determine the stability in plant community composition and productivity. Yet our understanding as to how nutrient enrichment affects the multiple facets of ecological stability and the role of above-belowground interactions are still lacking.</p> <p>We tested how mycorrhizal suppression and phosphorus (P) addition influenced functional and compositional stability of plant community in a three-year field study. Here functional stability is the temporal community variance in primary productivity; compositional stability is represented by compositional resistance, turnover, species extinction and invasion.</p> <p>Compared with mycorrhizal suppression, the intact AM fungal communities reduced community variance in primary productivity by reducing species synchrony at high levels of P addition. Species synchrony and population variance were linearly associated with community variance when mycorrhiza were not suppressed, while these relationships were decoupled or weakened by mycorrhizal suppression. The intact AM fungal communities promoted the compositional resistance of plant communities by reducing compositional turnover, but this effect was suppressed by P addition. P addition increased the number of species extinctions and thus promoted compositional turnover.</p> <p>Our study shows P addition and AM fungal communities can jointly and independently modify the various components of ecosystem stability in terms of plant community productivity and composition.</p>
Data from: Phosphorus amendment mitigates nitrogen addition-induced phosphorus limitation in two plant species in a desert steppe, China
Background and aims: The increasing deposition of atmospheric nitrogen (N) due to anthropogenic activities has significantly enhanced N inputs to ecosystems, resulting in an imbalance in the N: phosphorus (P) ratios in plants and soils. This study aimed to determine whether, and to what extent, P addition alleviates N-induced P limitation in a desert steppe ecosystem. Methods: We conducted a multi-level N:P supply experiment (i.e., constant N with varied P-addition levels) for a grass species, Pennisetum centrasiaticum, and a N-fixing species, Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Results: With increasing amounts of P addition (thereby decreasing the N:P ratio), green-leaf P concentrations of the two species studied tended to increase, while P-resorption proficiency and efficiency tended to decrease. There were no consistent trends in green-leaf N concentrations in response to P addition. However, both species exhibited high N-resorption proficiency, especially in G. uralensis, with high P addition. Generally, the carbon (C):P and N:P ratios both in soils and in green leaves had positive relationships with green-leaf N concentration and P-resorption proficiency of P. centrasiaticum as well as P-resorption traits of G. uralensis, but negative relationships with green-leaf P concentrations in both species. Conclusions: Our study indicates that P addition can alter P-conservation strategy and thereby releasing plant species from the N-induced imbalance of N:P ratios. However, large amounts of P addition could overcompensate and pose a risk of N limitation in desert steppe ecosystems.
Data from: Nitrogen saturation in humid tropical forests after 6 years of nitrogen and phosphorus addition: hypothesis testing
Nitrogen (N) saturation hypothesis suggests that when an ecosystem reaches N-saturation, continued N input will cause increased N leaching, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, and N mineralization and nitrification rates. It also suggests that a different element will become the main limiting factor when N saturation has been reached. Although this hypothesis has been tested in temperate forests, whether they can be directly applied to N-saturated tropical forests remain poorly addressed. To test this hypothesis, soil inorganic N, soil N mineralization and nitrification rate, soil N2O emission rate and nitrate (inline image) leaching rate were measured in an N-saturated old-growth tropical forest in southern China, after 6 years of N and P addition. We hypothesized that N addition would stimulate further N saturation, but P addition might alleviate N saturation. As expected, our results showed that six continuous years of experimental N addition did cause further N saturation, which was indicated by significant increases in soil inorganic N concentration, N2O emission and nitrate (inline image) leaching. However, in contrast to our expectations, N addition significantly decreased in situ rates of net N mineralization and nitrification, which could be related to associated changes in enzyme activity and microbial community composition. On the other hand, P addition mitigated N saturation, as expected. Soil inorganic N concentration, N2O emission and inline image leaching decreased significantly after P addition, but the net rates of N mineralization and nitrification were significantly increased. Our results provide a new understanding of the N saturation hypothesis, suggesting that the effects of long-term N deposition on net N mineralization and nitrification rates in N-saturated tropical forests can be negative and that P addition can alleviate N saturation in such tropical systems.
Data from: Negative effects of phosphorus addition override positive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on grassland temporal stability
<p>The temporal stability of a plant community in a native grassland ecosystem is affected substantially by soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment. However, the interactions between N and P inputs and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their effects on the temporal stability of plant productivity have not yet been clarified. In this study, we combined a three-year <em>in situ</em> field experiment with a worldwide meta-analysis to assess the effects of soil fertilisation and AMF on the temporal stability of plant productivity. The addition of P decreased the stability of plant productivity as the standard deviation of plant productivity was increased directly and the temporal stability of C<sub>3</sub> grasses was decreased. However, there was no relationship between species richness and the stability, and of plant productivity, rather the stability of the dominant functional group and asynchrony among functional groups were the main drivers changing the stability of change in plant productivity. In both the site-specific experimental data analysis and worldwide meta-analysis, the negative effects of P addition overrode the positive effects of AMF on the temporal stability of plant communities. Overall, our study highlights the importance of soil nutrient availability over AMF in terms of shaping the temporal stability of a plant community. Our results also suggest that anthropogenic soil nutrient enrichment might reduce the temporal stability of plant communities in grassland environments regardless of the existence of AMF.</p>
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