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Fig. 8 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 8 Holotype of Rhyssa gulliveri sp. nov. A Habitus of specimen, lateral view. B Rugae dorsally on mesoscutum. C Face, anterior view, partially hidden by spider inclusion and milky coatings. D Face, more laterally with visible mandibles. E First tergite on metasoma, lateral view. F Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. G Interpretative drawing with an additional drawing of the propodeum and T1 in dorsal view, where photos and micro-CT scan were used as templates. Scale bar A: 2 mm, B and C: 1 mm, D: upper 1 mm, lower 2 mm

Fig. 7 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 7 Holotype of Firkantus freddykruegeri gen. et sp. nov. A Habitus of specimen, lateral view. B Anterior view of face, right side with facial structures indicated. C Fore wing with folds indicating wing venation. D Anterior part of metasoma, dorsal view. E Posterior part of metasoma, with parameters and aedeagus. F Interpretative drawing with an additional drawing of the propodeum and T1 in dorsal view, where photos and micro-CT scan were used as templates. Scale bar A: 1 mm, B: 0.5 mm, F: lower 1 mm, right 0.5 mm

Fig. 3 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 3 RoguePlot placement of Pimplinae fossil Firkantus freddykruegeri gen. et sp. nov. before and after micro-CT scanning. The plots include all branches from the majority-rule consensus tree where the attachment probability was higher than 1%. A Firkantus freddykruegeri gen. et sp. nov. with colours indicating newly revealed body characteristics. Blue colouration represents newly added measurements; orange highlights either newly coded characters or characters where states could be reduced after the CT scan. B Placement before CT scanning. C Placement after CT scanning

Fig. 6 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 6 Holotype of Triclistus levii sp. nov. A Partial fore wing. B Metasoma, posterior end with the parameres. C Habitus of specimen, lateral view. D Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. E Head. F Interpretative drawing with an additional drawing of the propodeum and T1, in dorsal view, where photos and micro-CT scan were used as templates. Scale bars A: 1 mm, B: 0.5 mm C: 1 mm F: bottom 1 mm, top right 0.5 mm

Fig. 9 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 9 Holotype Magnocula sarcophaga gen. et sp. nov. A Habitus of specimen, ventral view. B Habitus of holotype, lateral view. CT scan of C head and mesoscutum in dorsal view, D face in anterior view, and E last tergites with ovipositor and sheaths. F Photo of a partial fore wing, in top left is T2 with its rugopunctate to striate structure. G Interpretative drawing with an additional drawing of the propodeum and T1 in dorsal view, where photos and micro-CT scan were used as templates. Scale bar A: 1 mm, F: 0.5 mm G: lower 1 mm, right 0.5 mm

Fig. 2 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 2 RoguePlot placement of Metopiinae fossil Triclistus levii sp. nov. before and after micro-CT scanning. The plots include all branches from the majority-rule consensus tree where the attachment probability was higher than 1%. A Triclistus levii sp. nov. with colours indicating newly revealed body characteristics after the CT scan. Blue colouration represents newly added measurements; orange highlights either newly coded characters or characters where states could be reduced after the CT scan. B Placement before CT scanning. C Placement after CT scanning

Fig. 5 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 5 RoguePlot placement of Phygadeuontinae fossil Magnocula sarcophaga gen. et sp. nov. before and after micro-CT scanning. The plots include all branches from the majority-rule consensus tree where the attachment probability was higher than 1%. A Magnocula sarcophaga gen. et sp. nov. with colours indicating newly revealed body characteristics. Blue colouration represents newly added measurements; orange highlights either newly coded characters or characters where states could be reduced after the CT scan. B Placement before CT scanning. C Placement after CT scanning

Fig. 4 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 4 RoguePlot placement of Rhyssinae fossil Rhyssa gulliveri sp. nov. before and after micro-CT scanning. The plots include all branches from the majority-rule consensus tree where the attachment probability was higher than 1%. A Rhyssa guliveri sp. nov. with colours indicating newly revealed body characteristics. Blue colouration represents newly added measurements; orange highlights either newly coded characters or characters where states could be reduced after the CT scan. B Placement before CT scanning. C Placement after CT scanning

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in Can maxillary canal morphology inform varanopid phylogenetic affinities?

Fig. 1. Lateral view of the maxillary canal in left lateral view. A. Orovenator mayorum Reisz, Modesto, and Scott, 2011 (OMNH 74606) from the lower Permian of the Dolese Brothers Limestone Quarry (Oklahoma, USA). B. Prolacerta broomi Parrington, 1935 (UCMP 7151, mirrored for comparison) from the Lower Triassic of Big Bank (Harrismith District, South Africa). C. Heleosaurus scholtzi Broom, 1907 (CGRMS353) from the middle Permian of South Africa. D. Varanosaurus acutirostris Broili, 1904 (FMNH PR 1670) from the lower Permian Wellington Formation (Garvin County, Oklahoma, USA). The maxillary canal is in green, the maxillary sinus is in purple, and the skull is transparent. Circles represent the position of a structure not visible in lateral view. Abbreviations: 1, conical cavity; 2, main trunk of the maxillary canal; 3, caudal section of the maxillary canal; 4, caudally extended side branches.

Fig. 7 in Gross anatomy and histology of the alimentary system of Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) and potential phylogenetic information

Fig. 7. Phylogenetic relationship of the selected species after Mirande (2009, 2010) final hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships. A) Considering Markiana nigripinnis as a member of Stevardiinae sensu Oliveira et al. (2011) and Baicere-Silva et al. (2011) and B) with M. nigripinnis as a member of Astyanax clade sensu Mirande. Synapomorphies and autapomorphies obtained from optimization of the characters proposed herein are presented in italics above branches as character number. Node numbers are presented in red below branches.

Fig. 5 in Gross anatomy and histology of the alimentary system of Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) and potential phylogenetic information

Fig. 5. Histological sections of the alimentary tract of selected species of the Characidae family: A - Astyanax rutilus esophagus in transversal section showing a folded esophagus mucosa; B - Cheirodon interruptus esophagusin transversal section showing less conspicuous foldings and a proportionally greater development of the musculature; C - Gustative papillae detail of Cheirodon interruptus. Characters are indicated with numbers and character states between parentheses; D - Transition esophagus-stomach of Gymnocorymbus ternetzi in longitudinal section; E - Cardiac stomach of G. ternetzi in longitudinal section; F - Anterior portion of the fundic stomach of Aphyocharax anisitsi in transversal section with acinous glands; G - Posterior portion of the fundic stomach of A. anisitsi in transversal section showing developed connective tissue septa and tubular ramified glands. H - Pyloric portion of G. ternetzi intestine in transversal section. Abbreviations=BV: Blood vessel; CardSt: cardiac stomach; CnT: connective tissue; CSM: Circular smooth muscle; CStM: Circular striated muscle; F: folding; FundSt: fundic stomach; GA: Acinous Gland; L: lumen; LStM: Longitudinal striated muscle; Oesoph: Oesophagus. P: peritoneum; Pap: papillae; PsE: Pseudoestratified epithelium; SE: Simple Epithelium; SM: Striated muscle; Spt: Septum; TRG: Tubular Ramified Gland; *: space generated by a technical artifact. Bars units=µm.

Fig. 4 in Gross anatomy and histology of the alimentary system of Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) and potential phylogenetic information

Fig. 4. Liver lobes of selected species of Characidae. Lateral view anterior to left at the left side of the figure. Anterior to right at the right side of the figure. Proposed primary homologue lobes are delimited by the same color. Light blue bar indicates approximately position of anterior distal margin of gas bladder posterior chamber. A - Astyanax endy; B - Gymnocorymbus ternetzi; C - Characidium borellii. Bar=1mm.

Fig. 1 in Gross anatomy and histology of the alimentary system of Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) and potential phylogenetic information

Fig. 1. Alimentary tract of selected species of the Characidae family: A - Schematic representation of the alimentary tract; B - Astyanax endy; C - Astyanax rutilus; D - Cheirodon interruptus; E - Aphyocharax anisitsi. Characters are indicated with numbers and character states between parentheses. Red bar indicates the anterior distal margin of the stomach. Bar=1mm.

Fig. 6 in Gross anatomy and histology of the alimentary system of Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) and potential phylogenetic information

Fig. 6. Histological sections of the alimentary tract of selected species of the Characidae family: A - Transition stomachintestine of G. ternetzi in transversal section; B - Detail of an intestinal folding in A. anisitsi; C - Transversal section of a intestinal caeca of Cheirodon interruptus; D - A. anisitsi pancreas. Abbreviations= AcSe: Serous Acinus BC: Blood Capillary; C: Ceca; ColSE: Columnar Simple Epithelium; CnT: Connective Tissue; EndP: Endocrine Pancreas; FundSt: Fundic Stomach, GlC: Globlet Cell; Int: Intestine; L: Lumen; NPl: Nervous Plexus; P: Peritoneum; PD: Pancreatic duct; PilSt: Pyloric Stomach; PilVal: Pyloric Valve; St: Apical Striations; V: Folding. Bars units=µm.

Fig. 3 in Gross anatomy and histology of the alimentary system of Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) and potential phylogenetic information

Fig. 3. Liver lobes of selected species of Characidae family. Lateral view. Anterior to left at the left side of the figure. Anterior to right at the right side of the figure. Proposed primary homologue lobes are delimited by the same color. Light blue bar indicates approximately position of anterior distal margin of gas bladder posterior chamber. Characters are indicated with numbers and character states between parentheses. A - Aphyocharax anisitsi; B - Cheirodon interruptus; C - Bryconamericus thomasi; D - Astyanax rutilus; E - Markiana nigripinnis. Bar=1mm.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

◂Fig. 6 A molecular phylogeny of 56 systematically representative Peridiniaceae, including 42 accessions assignable to P. cinctum from various geographic regions. Maximum likelihood tree (– ln = 21,884.93), as inferred from a rRNA nucleotide alignment (1137 parsimony-informative sites) and with strain number information. Numbers on branches are ML bootstrap (above) and Bayesian support values (below) for the clusters (asterisks indicate maximal support values, values under 50 and 0.90, respectively, are not shown). Clades are indicated (CZE Czech Republic, E East, GER Germany, HET Heterocapsaceae, N North, PPE Protoperidiniaceae, POL Poland, rbn ribotype n, S South, SWE Sweden, UKR Ukraine, W West) in Bumps on the back: An unusual morphology in phylogenetically distinct Peridinium aff. cinctum (= Peridinium tuberosum; Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

◂Fig. 6 A molecular phylogeny of 56 systematically representative Peridiniaceae, including 42 accessions assignable to P. cinctum from various geographic regions. Maximum likelihood tree (– ln = 21,884.93), as inferred from a rRNA nucleotide alignment (1137 parsimony-informative sites) and with strain number information. Numbers on branches are ML bootstrap (above) and Bayesian support values (below) for the clusters (asterisks indicate maximal support values, values under 50 and 0.90, respectively, are not shown). Clades are indicated (CZE Czech Republic, E East, GER Germany, HET Heterocapsaceae, N North, PPE Protoperidiniaceae, POL Poland, rbn ribotype n, S South, SWE Sweden, UKR Ukraine, W West)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Fig. 1 in Assessing troglomorphic and phylogenetically informative traits in troglobionts: a new cave-dwelling centipede illuminates the evolution of a soil-dwelling lineage (Chilopoda: Geophilidae)

Fig. 1 Hypothetical phylogeny with an evolutionarily relict species and different cases of character state reconstruction. Different shapes indicated different characters. Empty shapes indicate an ancestral state, black shapes indicate a derived state, and gray shapes indicate an intermediate (possibly transitional) state. For the circle-character, the relict species shares a derived state with the most closely related species (synapomorphy). For the square-character, it shares an ancestral state with the other more distantly related species (symplesiomorphy). For the triangle-character, it has an apparently intermediate state between an ancestral state and a derived state (possibly transitional)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Fig. 6 Comparison between Plutogeophilus gen.n in Assessing troglomorphic and phylogenetically informative traits in troglobionts: a new cave-dwelling centipede illuminates the evolution of a soil-dwelling lineage (Chilopoda: Geophilidae)

Fig. 6 Comparison between Plutogeophilus gen.n., Macronicophilus, and another Geophilidae: a–c forcipular segment, ventral view; d–f forcipular segment, dorsal view; g–i ultimate leg-bearing segment of adult ♀, without telopodites, ventral view; j–o, right leg of the ultimate pair, ventral view. Line drawings from photos, setae omitted: a, d, g, j PD-G 1359; b, e, m ISLA 11879; c, f, i, n PD-G 230; h, l ISLA 12866; o PD-G 1510. Redrawn from: k Pereira et al., 2000