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27 results for “phytoplankton diversity”
Particle trajectories - Freilich et al. "Diversity of growth rates maximizes phytoplankton productivity in an eddying ocean"
<p>The files provided here are the offline particle trajectories analyzed in Freilich, Flierl, and Mahadevan “Diversity of growth rates maximizes phytoplankton productivity in an eddying ocean”</p> <p>Both files are sqlite databases containing information about the same particle trajectories which are identified by the variable “iD”</p> <p> </p> <p>ini_day135_z115_forward_biology.db contains nutrient concentration on particle trajectories. A different biological rate lambda is used for each variable denoted NX where X is 0-13. The rates are: 0.015,0.075,0.15,0.3,0.75,1.5,3,10,15,20,50,75,100,120</p> <p>The variable DOY is the model day. </p> <p> </p> <p>ini_day135_z115_physical_forward.db contains the physical variables on particle trajectories. The variables are:</p> <p>x - east-west position</p> <p>y - north-south position</p> <p>z - vertical position</p> <p>u - east-west velocity</p> <p>v - north-south velocity</p> <p>w - vertical velocity</p> <p>vorticity - vertical component of relative vorticity</p>
Data from: Shape matters: The relationship between cell geometry and diversity in phytoplankton
<p>We compiled the most comprehensive data set of phytoplankton and other marine protists in terms of sizes, shapes, genus, and species names. Samples were obtained from seven globally distributed marine areas: Baltic Sea, North Atlantic (Scotland), Mediterranean Sea (Greece and Turkey), Indo-Pacific (the Maldives), South-western Pacific (Australia), Southern Atlantic (Brazil).</p> <p>See details in Ryabov et al Ecology Letters <em>'Shape matters: the relationship between cell geometry and diversity in phytoplankton</em>'</p>
Figure 5 in Phytoplankton diversity of two floodplain lakes (pats) of Manipur, northeastern India
Figure 5. Hierarchical cluster analysis of Phytoplankton of Waithou Pat (2002-03)
Figure 3 in Phytoplankton diversity of two floodplain lakes (pats) of Manipur, northeastern India
Figure 3. Hierarchical cluster analysis of phytoplankton of Utra Pat (2002-03)
Cell size-dependent species sensitivity to nanoparticles underlies changes in phytoplankton diversity and productivity
<p>Nanoparticle pollution has been shown to affect various organisms. However, the effects of nanoparticles on species interactions, and the role of species traits, such as body size, in modulating these effects, are not well understood. We addressed this issue using competing freshwater phytoplankton species exposed to copper oxide nanoparticles. Increasing nanoparticle concentration resulted in decreased phytoplankton species growth rates and community productivity (both abundance and biomass). Importantly, we consistently found that nanoparticles had greater negative effects on species with smaller cell sizes, such that nanoparticle pollution weakened the competitive dominance of smaller species and promoted species diversity. Moreover, nanoparticles reduced the growth rate differences and competitive ability differences of competing species, while having little effect on species niche differences. Consequently, nanoparticle pollution reduced the selection effect on phytoplankton community abundance but increased the selection effect on community biomass. Our results suggest cell size as a key functional trait to consider when predicting phytoplankton community structure and ecosystem functioning in the face of increasing nanopollution.</p>
Environmental stoichiometry mediates phytoplankton diversity effects on communities' resource use efficiency and biomass
<p>Positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships are predicted to increase in strength when high environmental variability allows for complementarity between resource use strategies in diverse communities. This environmental variability can be represented by spatial or temporal variation in nutrient ratios, but resource use efficiency (RUE) and therefore biomass build up of primary producers might be restricted when nutrient ratios are highly imbalanced (i.e., limitation by one nutrient and beyond optimal ratios for growth). Whereas the linkages between ecosystem functioning, diversity and nutrient availability are theoretically well understood, we lack experimental evidence on how phytoplankton diversity affects resource use and biomass under variable nutrient ratios (N:P ratios).</p> <p>Combining a mesocosm and a microcosm experiment we tested diversity effects on ecosystem functioning by exposing a species diversity gradient generated by the loss of rare species in a natural community to different N:P ratios (uniform vs a gradient). The N:P supply ratio gradient also allowed us to evaluate responses across balanced and imbalanced ratios.</p> <p>We found that increased species diversity led to increased community RUE when supplied a gradient of N:P ratios; but restricted to the highest diversity level. However, diversity did not affect RUE under uniform nutrient ratios. The overall phytoplankton biomass and carbon:nutrient ratios responses to diversity reflected the patterns detected for RUE. Contrary to theoretical predictions, RUE was maintained under highest N:P supply ratios (extreme phosphorous limitation) suggesting that imbalanced N:P ratios do not necessarily decrease function. Thus, we showed that the nutrient context influences diversity effects on RUE and biomass.</p> <p><i>Synthesis</i>. Overall, our results suggest that the effect of rare phytoplankton species losses on community RUE and biomass can be compensated by the persistent species when nutrient ratios are uniform, but leads to decreases in ecosystem functioning under variable nutrient ratios. This work provides a first attempt for testing interactions between the nutrient context (including concentrations and ratios) and the diversity of (natural) communities experimentally, which is conceptually understood but poorly tested for phytoplankton.</p>
Individual-level trait diversity predicts phytoplankton community properties better than species richness or evenness
<p>This archive includes the final summary tables used for the analyses.</p>
Macrosystem community change in lake phytoplankton and its implications for diversity and function
<p><span><strong>Aim</strong>: </span><span>We use lake phytoplankton community data to quantify the spatio-temporal and scale-dependent impacts of eutrophication, land-use, and climate change</span><span> </span><span>on species niches and community assembly processes while accounting for species traits and phylogenetic constraints.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>: </span><span>Finland</span></p> <p><span><strong>Time period</strong>: </span><span>1977-2017</span></p> <p><span><strong>Major taxa</strong>: </span><span>Phytoplankton</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span>We use Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC) to</span><span> model meta-community trajectories at 853 lakes over four decades of environmental change, including a hierarchical spatial structure to account for scale-dependent processes. Using a 'region of common profile' approach, we evaluate compositional changes of species communities and trait profiles and investigate their temporal development. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>: </span><span>We demonstrate the emergence of novel and widespread community composition clusters in previously more compositional homogeneous communities, with cluster-specific community trait profiles, indicating functional differences. A strong phylogenetic signal of species' responses to the environment implies similar responses among closely related taxa. Community cluster-specific species prevalence point to lower taxonomic dispersion within the current dominant clusters compared to the historically dominant cluster and overall higher prevalence of smaller species sizes within communities. Our findings denote profound spatio-temporal structuring of species co-occurrence patterns and highlight</span><span> </span><span>functional differences of lake phytoplankton communities.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: </span><span>Diverging community trajectories have led to a nationwide reshuffling of lake phytoplankton communities. At regional and national scales, lakes are not single entities but metacommunity hubs in an interconnected waterscape. The assembly mechanisms of phytoplankton communities are strongly structured by spatio-temporal dynamics, which have led to novel community types but only a minor part of this reshuffling could be linked to temporal environmental change.</span></p>
Data from: Environmental DNA metabarcoding revealed the impacts of anthropogenic activities on phytoplankton diversity in Dianchi Lake and its three inflow rivers
<p>Phytoplankton diversity is closely related to environmental variables and has been widely used in ecological health assessment of rivers and lakes. Combining the advantages of DNA-based identification and high-throughput sequencing technology, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding permits a new measurement for biodiversity monitoring in aquatic ecosystems. However, it had rarely been used to explore the variability and similarity of phytoplankton diversity between a lake and its inflow rivers and the effects of environmental variables on phytoplankton. This study utilized eDNA metabarcoding to investigate the spatial distribution of phytoplankton and the impacts of environmental variables on the phytoplankton diversity in Dianchi Lake (one of the most polluted urban lakes in China) and its main inflow rivers (Panlong River, Baoxiang River and Chai River). The OTU table is the original table about phytoplankton taxa. A total of 243 distinct phytoplankton taxa were detected, covering 9 phyla, 30 classes, 84 orders and 132 families, and the taxonomic richness of rivers was higher than that of Dianchi Lake.</p>
Cell size-dependent species sensitivity to nanoparticles underlies changes in phytoplankton diversity and productivity
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Data from: Environmental DNA metabarcoding revealed the impacts of anthropogenic activities on phytoplankton diversity in Dianchi Lake and its three inflow rivers
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Macrosystem community change in lake phytoplankton and its implications for diversity and function
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Shape matters: The relationship between cell geometry and diversity in phytoplankton
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Environmental stoichiometry mediates phytoplankton diversity effects on communities’ resource use efficiency and biomass
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Data from: Phytoplankton size diversity and ecosystem function relationships across oceanic regions
Trait diversity, a key component of biodiversity, mediates many essential ecosystem functions and services. However, the mechanisms behind such relationships at large spatial scales are not fully understood. Here we adopt the functional biogeography approach to investigate how the size composition of phytoplankton communities relates to primary production and export production along a broad latitudinal gradient. Using in situ phytoplankton size distribution data and a trait-based model, we find an increase in the average phytoplankton size, size diversity, primary production, and export when moving from low to high latitudes. Our analysis indicates that the interplay between spatiotemporal heterogeneities in environmental conditions and a trade-off between the high affinity for nutrients of smaller cells and the ability to avoid predation by larger cells are the main mechanisms driving the observed patterns. Our results also suggest that variations in size diversity alone do not directly lead to changes in primary production and export. The trade-off thus introduces a feedback that influences the relationship between size diversity and ecosystem functions. These findings support the importance of environmentally mediated trade-offs as crucial mechanisms shaping biodiversity and ecosystem function relationships at large spatial scales.
Data from: Water-borne pharmaceuticals reduce phenotypic diversity and response capacity of natural phytoplankton communities
Chemical micropollutants occur worldwide in the environment at low concentrations and in complex mixtures, and how they affect the ecology of natural systems is still uncertain. Dynamics of natural communities are driven by the interaction between individual organisms and their growth environment, which is mediated by the organisms' expressed phenotypic traits. We tested whether exposure to a mixture of 12 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) influences phenotypic trait diversity in lake phytoplankton communities and their ability to regulate biomass production to fit environmental changes (response capacity). We exposed natural phytoplankton assemblages to three mixture levels in permeable microcosms maintained at three depths in a eutrophic lake for one week, during which the environmental conditions were fluctuating. We studied individual-level traits, phenotypic diversity and community biomass. PPCP reduced individual-level trait variance and overall community phenotypic diversity, but maintained higher standing phytoplankton biomass compared to untreated controls. Estimated effect sizes of PPCP on traits and community properties were very large (partial Eta-squared > 0.15). The PPCP mixture antagonistically interacted with the natural environmental gradient in habitats offered by different depths and, at concentrations comparable to those in waste-water effluents, prevented communities from converging to the same phenotypic structure and total biomass of unexposed controls. We show that micropollutants can alter individual-level trait diversity of lake phytoplankton communities and therefore their capacity to respond to natural environmental gradients, potentially affecting aquatic ecosystem processes.
Data from: Increasing zooplankton size diversity enhances the strength of top-down control on phytoplankton through diet niche partitioning
1. The biodiversity-ecosystem functioning debate is a central topic in ecology. Recently, there has been a growing interest in size diversity because body size is sensitive to environmental changes and is one of the fundamental characteristics of organisms linking many ecosystem properties. However, how size diversity affects ecosystem functioning is an important yet unclear issue. 2. To fill the gap, with large-scale field data from the East China Sea, we tested the novel hypothesis that increasing zooplankton size diversity enhances top-down control on phytoplankton (H1) and compared it with five conventional hypotheses explaining the top-down control: flatter zooplankton size spectrum enhances the strength of top-down control (H2); nutrient enrichment lessens the strength of top-down control (H3); increasing zooplankton taxonomic diversity enhances the strength of top-down control (H4); increasing fish predation decreases the strength of top-down control of zooplankton on phytoplankton through trophic cascade (H5); increasing temperature intensifies the strength of top-down control (H6). 3. The results of univariate analyses support the hypotheses based on zooplankton size diversity (H1), zooplankton size spectrum (H2), nutrient (H3), and zooplankton taxonomic diversity (H4), but not the hypotheses based on fish predation (H5) and temperature (H6). More in depth analyses indicate that zooplankton size diversity is the most important factor in determining the strength of top-down control on phytoplankton in the East China Sea. 4. Our results suggest a new potential mechanism, that increasing predator size diversity enhances the strength of top-down control on prey through diet niche partitioning. This mechanism can be explained by the optimal predator-prey body-mass ratio concept. Suppose each size group of zooplankton predators has its own optimal phytoplankton prey size, increasing size diversity of zooplankton would promote diet niche partitioning of predators and thus elevates the strength of top-down control.
Data from: Functional diversity promotes phytoplankton resource use efficiency
1.Understanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) is a central topic in ecology. Multi‐traits based functional diversity has been proposed to improve mechanistic understanding of the BEF relationship; however, how trait‐based functional diversity affects ecosystem functioning and processes has rarely been addressed in aquatic ecosystems. 2.Here, we examined the causal relationships between three phytoplankton functional diversity indices (FAD2, FDc, FRic) and Shannon diversity index versus resource use efficiency for nitrogen (RUEN), phosphorus (RUEP), and silicate (RUESi), with monthly long‐term datasets from the marine (Western English Channel, 2000 ‐ 2014) and freshwater (Lake Kasumigaura, 1984 ‐ 2012) ecosystems. 3.We employed Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM), a novel method developed for identifying causality for nonlinear dynamical systems; this is in contrast to linear approaches that cannot distinguish causality from correlation. CCM found that FDc is the most robust functional diversity index among the selected functional diversity indices (FAD2, FDc, FRic) in predicting phytoplankton resource use efficiency and exhibited a much stronger causal effect than the Shannon index. 4.Furthermore, scenario exploration analysis indicates that most causal effects from phytoplankton diversity indices on resource use efficiency (RUEN, RUEP, and RUESi) are on average positive, and FDc exhibited the most consistent positive causal effects on phytoplankton resource efficiency in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. Thus, increasing FDc can enhance phytoplankton resource use efficiency in aquatic ecosystems. 5.Synthesis. Our results show significant causal effects of functional diversity on phytoplankton resource use efficiency in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. Among all selected functional diversity indices, FDc is the most robust functional diversity index in promoting phytoplankton resource efficiency. Our study provides empirical evidences in natural aquatic systems that trait‐based functional diversity represents better species niche partitioning than the Shannon index and thereafter enhances resource use efficiency. This finding can improve our understanding on trophic transfer and nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems.
Data from: Functional diversity promotes phytoplankton resource use efficiency
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Data from: Phytoplankton size diversity and ecosystem function relationships across oceanic regions
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