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44 results for “plant–insect interactions”
Canterbury Museum (CMNZ) collection insect specimen-plant flower interactions
<p>This dataset compromises insect-plant flower interactions recorded from the entomology collections of Canterbury Museum, New Zealand (CMNZ). All invertebrate records were extracted from the Museum Vernon database. This included field collection metadata indicating if an insect and plant flower interaction had occurred. A large proportion of records are specimens collected as part of research by Richard Primack in the 1970s, from insects collected from flowering inflorences. Data was cleaned using OpenRefine v.3.6.2. Insect and plant names were reconciled using the GlobalNames extension in OpenRefine. Data was prepared for submission to the Global Biotic Interaction (GloBI) network.</p> <p>This data makes part of a paper submission to the Journal of Applied Entolomolgy Call for Papers on neglected insects pollinators. If accepted this publication will be linked to this dataset.</p> <p>This version included name updates for insect species, spreadsheet data used to produce summary statistics for the manuscript submission and the README file.</p>
Plant–insect interactions from the mid-Cretaceous at Puy-Puy (Aquitaine Basin, western France) indicates preferential herbivory for angiosperms amid a forest of ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms
<p>The nine in-text figures and table below (Appendices S1–S10), and the additional text and excel files attached, provide the raw data, summaries of the raw data, rarefaction analyses, and nonmetric multidimensional scale analyses (NMDS) that support the discussions of the main text. The raw data and their summaries of provide for each plant species or morphotype values important for assessment of their herbivory: percentage of specimens herbivorized, damage type (DT) richness, DT frequency, DT host-plant specificity, herbivorized surface area as a proportion of total surface area, and feeding event occurrences. The rarefaction analyses furnished evaluations of whether the number of samples was sufficient, given the surface area covered by those samples. For comparison, the number of samples was rarified to the number of DTs in those samples. Lastly, two NMDS analyses produced the relationships between the plant orders present in the plant assemblage and their interactive functional feeding groups (FFGs). A separate NMDS analysis shows the association between the three most herbivorized species and their FFGs.</p>
Anthocyanin impacts multiple plant-insect interactions in a carnivorous plant
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Data from: Consequences of multiple flower-insect interactions for subsequent plant-insect interactions and plant reproduction
Premise of the study. Plants often interact simultaneously with multiple antagonists and mutualists that can alter plant traits at the phenotypic or genetic level, subsequent plant-insect interactions, and reproduction. Although many studies have examined the effects of single floral antagonisms on subsequent pollination and plant reproduction, we know very little about the combined, potentially non-additive effects of multiple flower-insect interactions. Methods. We simulated increased florivory, nectar robbing, and pollination on field-grown Impatiens capensis. This allowed us to determine interactive effects on five subsequent plant-insect interactions and 16 plant traits, including traits related to plant growth, floral attractiveness, floral defenses, and plant reproduction. Key results. All three manipulative treatments had significant non-additive effects on the behavior of subsequent floral visitors, indicating that the effect of floral visitors generally depended on the presence or behavior of others. Pollination increased visitation by both pollinators and nectar larcenists (robbers and thieves), while florivory reduced pollinator and larcenist visits. Surprisingly, supplemental pollination also increased leaf herbivory. Florivores often responded to manipulations in opposite ways than did nectar larcenists and pollinators, suggesting different mechanisms influencing visitors that consume nectar compared to floral tissue. While our treatments did not affect any floral trait measured, they non-additively impacted plant reproduction, with florivory having a larger overall impact than either nectar robbing or pollination. Conclusions. These results emphasize the importance of understanding the context in which flower-insect interactions occur, because the composition of the interacting community can have large and non-additive impacts on subsequent insect behavior and plant reproduction. If you would like your personal information to be removed from the database, please contact the publication office.
Data and code for : 'Interactive effects of temperature, aridity, and plant stoichiometry on insect herbivory: past and present', The American Naturalist
<p>The files are for the manuscript 'Interactive effects of temperature, aridity, and plant stoichiometry on insect herbivory: past and present' consist of the following major parts:</p> <p> </p> <p>1. <strong>FILE “all site summary.xlsx”</strong>: Summary data of all the fossil sites used in the study. This is an MS Excel file and has three sheets, namely:</p> <p>a. <strong>All_sites</strong>: This sheet lists various metadata related to each of the 39 fossil sites used in this study. The name of the site is listed as ‘Flora’, and each site has the following data associated with it: Epoch, Latitude Bin, Region, Geographic location, Lat(itude), Long(itude), Depositional.Environment, Age, Age.error, MAT.C (Mean Annual Temperature in degrees C), MAT.Error, MAP.mm.yr (Mean Annual Precipitation in mm), MAP.error, and No.Leaves (number of leaf specimens).</p> <p>b. <strong>PEB sites list (Bighorn)</strong>: This sheet specifically lists the 8 Paleocene-Eocene boundary (PEB) sites from the Bighorn basin along with relevant metadata. These sites are also present in the All_sites tab.</p> <p>c. <strong>PEB sites list (Hanna)</strong>: This sheet lists the 2 Hanna Basin sites from the PEB with relevant metadata.</p> <p><strong>2. </strong><strong>FOLDER “fossil site herbivory data”: </strong>This folder contains the leaf-level herbivory data from all the fossil sites used in this study (including the PEB sites from Hanna Basin) in .csv format. Each file has the following data structure: the first column lists the morphotaxa name of the leaf and the subsequent columns represent whether a particular DT (Damage Type, represented by individual column names) is present (1) or absent (0/NA) in that leaf.</p> <p><strong>3. </strong><strong>FOLDER “modern site herbivory data”: </strong>This folder contains the leaf-level level herbivory data from all the modern sites used in this study in .txt format. “presab_data_HFmatrix” is the data from the three sites in Harvard Forest, “presab_data_LSmatrix” from three sites in La Selva and “presab_data_SERCmatrix” from the three sites in the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. The quarry number is the name of the site in each file. The rest of the structure is same as fossil data: the second column lists the taxa name for the leaf and the subsequent columns represent whether a particular DT (Damage Type, represented by individual column names) is present (1) or absent (0/NA) in that leaf.</p> <p><strong>4. </strong><strong>FOLDER “masks for FFGs”: </strong>This folder has two files, namely:</p> <p><strong>a. </strong><strong>“ffgdef_DT.csv”: </strong>This file lists which Functional Feeding Group does each DT belong to. Oviposition =0, Skeletonization=1, Surface feeding =2, Galling=3, Hole Feeding=4, Mining =5, Margin Feeding =6, Piercing and Sucking=7.</p> <p><strong>b. </strong><strong>“mask_DT.csv”: </strong>This file lists whether a given DT is a herbivory damage, a specialized damage, gall or mining damage (T/F).</p> <p><strong>5. </strong><strong>FOLDER “N2_fixing_site_level_taxa”: </strong>This folder contains 8 files in .csv format corresponding to each of the 8 PEB Bighorn Basin sites. Each file has the same structure: the first column corresponds to a specific morphotaxa and the next column indicates whether it is a N2 fixing plant (1) or not (0).</p> <p><strong>6. FILE "Analyais_base.Rmd" </strong>gives base code to replicate all the results.</p>
Data from: Consequences of multiple flower-insect interactions for subsequent plant-insect interactions and plant reproduction
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Data from: A dominant plant species and insects interactively shape plant community structure and an ecosystem function
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Role of silicon in legume-insect interactions: Insights from a plant experiencing different levels of herbivory
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Data from: The quantity of deposited environmental DNA in plant-insect interactions depends on taxon, abundance, and interaction time
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From the leaf to the community: distinct dimensions of phytochemical diversity shape plant-insect interactions within and among individual plants
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Raw data: The timing and asymmetry of plant-pathogen-insect interactions
<p>Insects and pathogens frequently exploit the same host plant and can potentially impact each other's performance. However, studies on plant-pathogen-insect interactions have mainly focused on a fixed temporal setting or on a single interaction partner. In this study, we assessed the impact of time of attacker arrival on the outcome and symmetry of interactions between aphids (<i>Tuberculatus annulatus</i>), powdery mildew (<i>Erysiphe alphitoides</i>) and caterpillars (<i>Phalera bucephala</i>) feeding on pedunculate oak, <i>Quercus robur, </i>and explored how single vs. multiple attackers affect oak performance. We used a multifactorial greenhouse experiment in which oak seedlings were infected with either zero, one, two or three attackers, with the order of attacker arrival differing among treatments. The performances of all involved organisms were monitored throughout the experiment. Overall, attackers had a weak and inconsistent impact on plant performance. Interactions between attackers, when present, were asymmetric. For example, aphids performed worse, but powdery mildew performed better, when co-occurring. Order of arrival strongly affected the outcome of interactions, and early attackers modified the strength and direction of interactions between later arriving attackers. Our study shows that interactions between plant-attackers can be asymmetric, time-dependent and species-specific. This is likely to shape the ecology and evolution of plant-pathogen-insect interactions. </p>
Data from: Out-of-sample predictions from plant–insect food webs: robustness to missing and erroneous trophic interaction records
With increasing biotic introductions, there is a great need for predictive tools to anticipate which new trophic interactions will develop and which will not. Phylogenetic constraint of interactions in both native and novel food webs can make some novel interactions predictable. However, many food webs are sparsely sampled, or may include inaccurate interactions. In such cases, it is unclear whether modeling methods are still useful to anticipate novel interactions. We ran bootstrap simulations of host-use models on a Lepidoptera–plant data set to remove native trophic records or add erroneous records in order to observe the effect of missing or erroneous data on the prediction of interactions with novel plants. We found that the model was robust to a large amount of missing interaction records, but lost predictive power with the addition of relatively few erroneous interaction records. The loss of predictive power with missing records was due to inaccuracy in estimating phylogenetic distance between native and novel hosts. Removal of interaction records proportionally to their encounter frequency in the field had little effect on the loss of predictive power. Host-use models may have immediate value for predicting novel interactions from large, but sparsely sampled databases of trophic interactions.
Plant traits shape soil legacy effects on individual plant-insect interactions
<p>Plant-mediated soil legacy effects can be important determinants of the performance of plants and their aboveground insect herbivores, but so far, soil legacy effects on plant-insect interactions have been tested for only a limited number of host plant species and soils. Here, we tested the performance of a polyphagous aboveground herbivore, caterpillars of the cabbage moth, <i>Mamestra brassicae</i> on twelve host plant species that were grown on a set of soils conditioned by each of these twelve species. We tested how growth rate (fast- or slow-growing) and functional type (grass or forb) of the plant species that conditioned the soil and of the responding host plant species growing in those soils affect the response of insect herbivores to conditioned soils. Our results show that plants and insect herbivores had lower biomass in soils that were conditioned by fast-growing forbs than in soils conditioned by slow-growing forbs. In soils conditioned by grasses, growth rate of the conditioning plant had the opposite effect, i.e., plants and herbivores had higher biomass in soils conditioned by fast-growing grasses, than in soils conditioned by slow-growing grasses. <a name="_Hlk21962191">We show that the response of aboveground insects to soil legacy effects is strongly positively correlated with the response of the host plant species, indicating that plant vigour may explain these relationships. </a>We provide evidence that soil communities can play an important role in shaping plant-insect interactions aboveground. Our results further emphasize the important and interactive role of the conditioning and the response plant in mediating soil-plant-insect interactions.</p>
Data from: Host plant associations and geography interact to shape diversification in a specialist insect herbivore
Disentangling the processes underlying geographic and environmental patterns of biodiversity challenges biologists as such patterns emerge from eco-evolutionary processes confounded by spatial autocorrelation among sample units. The herbivorous insect, Belonocnema treatae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), exhibits regional specialization on three plant species whose geographic distributions range from sympatry through allopatry across the southern USA. Using range-wide sampling spanning the geographic ranges of the three host plants and genotyping-by-sequencing of 1,217 individuals, we tested whether this insect herbivore exhibited host-plant-associated genomic differentiation while controlling for spatial autocorrelation among the 58 sample sites. Population genomic structure based on 40,699 SNPs was evaluated using the hierarchical Bayesian model ENTROPY to assign individuals to genetic clusters and estimate admixture proportions. To control for spatial autocorrelation, distance-based Moran's eigenvector mapping was used to construct regression variables summarizing spatial structure inherent among sample sites. Distance based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) incorporating the spatial variables was then applied to partition host-plant-associated differentiation (HAD) from spatial autocorrelation. By combining ENTROPY and dbRDA to analyze SNP data we unveiled a complex mosaic of highly structured differentiation within and among gall former populations finding evidence that geography, HAD and spatial autocorrelation all play significant roles in explaining patterns of genomic differentiation in B. treatae. While dbRDA confirmed host association as a significant predictor of patterns of genomic variation, spatial autocorrelation among sites explained the largest proportion of variation. Our results demonstrate the value of combining dbRDA with hierarchical structural analyses to partition spatial/environmental patterns of genomic variation.
Data from: Plant–insect interactions: double-dating associated insect and plant lineages reveals asynchronous radiations
An increasing number of plant-insect studies using phylogenetic analysis suggest that cospeciation events are rare in plant–insect systems. Instead, nonrandom patterns of phylogenetic congruence are produced by phylogenetically conserved host switching (to related plants) or tracking of particular resources or traits (e.g., chemical). The dominance of host switching in many phytophagous insect groups may make the detection of genuine cospeciation events difficult. One important test of putative cospeciation events is to verify whether reciprocal speciation is temporally plausible. We explored techniques for double-dating of both plant and insect phylogenies. We use dated molecular phylogenies of a psyllid (Hemiptera)–Genisteae (Fabaceae) system, a predominantly monophagous insect–plant association widespread on the Atlantic Macaronesian islands. Phylogenetic reconciliation analysis suggests high levels of parallel cladogenesis between legumes and psyllids. However, dating using molecular clocks calibrated on known geological ages of the Macaronesian islands revealed that the legume and psyllid radiations were not contemporaneous but sequential. Whereas the main plant radiation occurred some 8 million years ago, the insect radiation occurred about 3 million years ago. We estimated that >60% of the psyllid speciation has resulted from host switching between related hosts. The only evidence for true cospeciation is in the much more recent and localized radiation of genistoid legumes in the Canary Islands, where the psyllid and legume radiations have been partially contemporaneous. The identification of specific cospeciation events over this time period, however, is hindered by the phylogenetic uncertainty in both legume and psyllid phylogenies due to the apparent rapidity of the species radiations.
Data from: Plant and insect microbial symbionts alter the outcome of plant-herbivore-parasitoid interactions: implications for invaded, agricultural and natural systems
1. Understanding how soil microbial communities influence plant interactions with other organisms, and how this varies with characteristics of the interacting organisms, is important for multiple systems. Solanum spp. are a suitable model for trophic interactions in studies of agricultural and natural systems and can also provide useful corollaries in invaded systems. This study examined the influence of soil mutualist arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on growth of different Solanum types fed on by the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, in relation to presence of the aphid facultative endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa. 2. Four Solanum types comprising two wild species, S. berthaultii and S. polyadenum, and two accessions of S. tuberosum, were grown with or without AM fungi and infested with one of four clonal lines of a single M. euphorbiae genotype (two with and two without H. defensa). Two experiments were conducted to i) characterise plant responses to AM fungi and aphids and ii) assess whether soil AM fungi could influence the success of the parasitoid wasp Aphidus ervi when attacking aphids reared on each Solanum type. 3. In both experiments, similar patterns of plant biomass were observed in relation to AM fungal and aphid treatments. Solanum biomass depended on plant type and aphid infection with H. defensa. Plants exposed to aphids harbouring H. defensa had smaller root biomass, and therefore total plant biomass, compared to plants infested with H. defensa-free aphids. M. euphorbiae performance varied with aphid clonal line, Solanum type and presence of AM fungi. 4. Parasitoid success, measured as the proportion of aphids from which a wasp emerged, was highest from aphids that had fed on plants colonised by AM fungi, although this result also varied with Solanum type and aphid clonal line. 5. Synthesis: The presence of soil AM fungi, combined with within-species plant and insect variation in key traits, can have subtle - but significant - effects on plant fitness and insect success. This study highlights the importance of exploring genotypic variation in plant and pest responses to soil microbiota to identify suitable biocontrol options.
Replication data and analysis code for the article "Insect-habitat-plant interaction networks provide guidelines to mitigate the risk of transmission of Xylella fastidiosa to grapevine in Southern France"
<p>This deposit contains the dataset used in the article "Insect-habitat-plant interaction networks provide guidelines to mitigate the risk of transmission of Xylella fastidiosa to grapevine in Southern France" in the form of a RData file, directly loadable in R, as well as the Rmd script used to analyse the data and produce the figures.</p>
Supplementary material 3 from: Swenson SJ, Eichler L, Hörren T, Kolter A, Köthe S, Lehmann GUC, Meinel G, Mühlethaler R, Sorg M, Gemeinholzer B (2022) The potential of metabarcoding plant components of Malaise trap samples to enhance knowledge of plant-insect interactions. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e85213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.85213
Supplementary material 3 from: Swenson SJ, Eichler L, Hörren T, Kolter A, Köthe S, Lehmann GUC, Meinel G, Mühlethaler R, Sorg M, Gemeinholzer B (2022) The potential of metabarcoding plant components of Malaise trap samples to enhance knowledge of plant-insect interactions. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e85213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.85213
Raw data: Soil microbes drive aboveground plant–pathogen–insect interactions
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Plants interact with a large diversity of microbes and insects, both below and above ground. While studies have shown that belowground microbes affect the performance of plants and aboveground organisms, we lack insights into how belowground microbial communities may shape interactions between aboveground pathogens and insects. We investigated how soil microbiomes and aboveground organisms affect plant growth and development, and whether differences in soil microbiomes influence interactions between aboveground organisms. We conducted a growth-chamber experiment with oak seedlings (<em>Quercus robur</em>) growing in three soils with similar abiotic soil properties but with distinct natural soil microbiomes.</span> Seedlings were subjected to single or dual attack by powdery mildew (<em>Erysiphe alphitoides</em>) and aphids (<em>Tuberculatus annulatus</em>), either in the presence or absence of prior attack by a free-feeding caterpillar (<em>Phalera bucephala</em>). <span>Soil microbiomes were associated with differences in seedling height, and seedlings with multiple aboveground organisms had more but smaller leaves than healthy seedlings. The soil microbiome affected the severity of powdery mildew infection, and mediated the impact of co-occurring aboveground organisms on aphid population size. Our study highlights that plant performance is affected by natural soil microbiomes as well as aboveground organisms, and that natural soil microbiomes can affect interactions between pathogens and insects. These findings are important to understand species interactions in natural systems, as well as for practical applications, such as manipulation of soil microbiomes to manage agricultural pests and diseases.</span></p>
Data from: Independent and interactive effects of plant genotype and environment on plant traits and insect herbivore performance: a meta-analysis with Salicaceae
1. Ecological research has increasingly highlighted the importance of intraspecific variation in shaping the structure and function of communities and ecosystems. Indeed, the effects of intraspecific variation can match or exceed those of interspecific variation. Previous reviews of intraspecific variation in plant traits across heterogeneous environments have focused primarily on mean phenotypic effects. We propose that a richer and fuller understanding of the ecological causes and consequences of intraspecific variation would be provided by partitioning trait variance into its subcomponents (genetic, environment, genotype by environment interaction). 2. We used a meta-analysis of 352 sets of genetic, environment, and genotype by environment (GxE) variation estimates from 72 studies of Salicaceae to compare these sources of variation across plant traits (growth, foliar nitrogen, defense compounds), insect herbivore performance metrics (e.g., survival, growth, fecundity), and environmental conditions (e.g., soil nutrients, water, defoliation). 3. Our findings revealed that variation in levels of defense compounds (both condensed tannins and salicinoids) and insect herbivore performance were primarily genetically determined, while variation in plant growth and foliar nitrogen were more environmentally determined. 4. Plasticity in plant growth, foliar nitrogen levels, and insect herbivore performance varied substantially across different sites (year x location), and nutrient, water, and carbon dioxide environments. Plasticity was lowest for chemical defense traits and all traits in contrasting ozone and defoliation environments. 5. Our quantitative review also revealed several gaps in the literature, including a need for surveying more mature plants (>2 years-old), a wider variety of insect herbivore species (e.g., leaf-modifiers, specialist insects), and underrepresented environmental treatments (e.g., competition, defoliation, disease, light, water). This work will help to assess how the patterns within this meta-analysis may or may not be confined within particular parameters (e.g., plant maturity). 6. Findings from this analysis further highlight the importance of and patterns within intraspecific variation in shaping the evolvability and plasticity of traits and in governing plant-insect interactions.
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