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27 results for “plant buds”
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): Phenology of Dominant Plant Species I - Bud burst and Senescence 2013-2021
The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C, that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool, influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. In this dataset we specifically ask, how does warming of soil and air impact the phenology of dominant plant species? Phenological data was collected to determine the timing of first bud break, onset and completion of senescence, and reproductive effort (flower and berry production).
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating and Drying Research (DryPEHR): Phenology of Dominant Plant Species I - Bud burst and Senescence 2013-2021
This drying and warming experiment addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem drying, warming and permafrost thaw cause a net release or uptake of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss? 3) How do drying and warming affect plant communities and ecosystem properties? We are answering these questions using a combined warming and drying experiment (DryPEHR), which is situated with the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project and located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Warming treatment here refers to growing season air temperature warming (~1C) using open top chambers (OTC) combined with soil 'warming' using snow fences during the snow covered months. Drying is achieved using an automated pumping system that lowers the water table in the dry plots. Soil warming began in 2008; OTCs and drying in 2011. In this dataset we specifically ask, how does warming and drying of soil and air impact the phenology of dominant plant species? Phenological data was collected to determine the timing of first bud break, onset and completion of senescence, and reproductive effort (flower and berry production).
Fig. 7. Begonia acetosella Craib. A. Plant habit. B – C. Leaf variation. D. Female bud. E. Female flower. F in A revision and one new species of Begonia L. (Begoniaceae, Cucurbitales) in Northeast India
Fig. 7. Begonia acetosella Craib. A. Plant habit. B – C. Leaf variation. D. Female bud. E. Female flower. F. Reverse of flower. G. Styles. Photographs by Rebecca Camfield of a plant in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (accession 19980065).
Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs (a–f, h) and X-ray microtomographic orthoslices (g) of flowers from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Taxon 27, epigynous flower, no. NM-F 4504; b: Taxon 30, epigynous flower, remains of two thick sepals, a massive nectary disk (arrowhead) and two styles, no. NM-F 3199; c: Taxon 29, flower with stamens have long filament, calyx (ca) and corolla (co), no. NM-F 3198; d: Taxon 32, flower, no. NM-F 4503; e–h: Taxon 14, e – hypogenous flower, no. NM-F 3196, f – floral bud with a thick pedicel, no. NM-F 3196, g – flower with gynoecium showing central placentation and several seeds, no. NMF 3196, h – flower with gynoecium showing several seeds, no. NM-F 4505. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs (a–f, h) and X-ray microtomographic orthoslices (g) of flowers from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Taxon 27, epigynous flower, no. NM-F 4504; b: Taxon 30, epigynous flower, remains of two thick sepals, a massive nectary disk (arrowhead) and two styles, no. NM-F 3199; c: Taxon 29, flower with stamens have long filament, calyx (ca) and corolla (co), no. NM-F 3198; d: Taxon 32, flower, no. NM-F 4503; e–h: Taxon 14, e – hypogenous flower, no. NM-F 3196, f – floral bud with a thick pedicel, no. NM-F 3196, g – flower with gynoecium showing central placentation and several seeds, no. NMF 3196, h – flower with gynoecium showing several seeds, no. NM-F 4505.
National Phenology Network tree phenology: Phenology, the timing of biological events such as bud break, plant flowering times and bird migration
Phenology is the study of recurring plant/animal phenophases. Environmental changes will likely impact phenological events at the species level and above. Most of the phenological changes are unknown at the species level and may have large impacts on natural ecosystems in the future. As part of a long term phenological experiment on forest ecosystems, since spring 2009 phenophases were observed on strategically selected forest species. This experiment is part of the National Phenology Network (USA-NPN).
Genomic evidence for contrasting patterns of host‐associated genetic differentiation across shared host‐plant species in leaf‐ and bud‐galling sawflies
<p>Resource specialization and host-associated genetic differentiation (HAD) are frequently invoked as an explanation for the high diversity of plant-feeding insects and other organisms with a parasitic lifestyle. While genetic studies have demonstrated numerous examples of HAD in insect herbivores, the general rarity of comparative studies means that we still lack an understanding of how deterministic HAD is, and whether patterns of host shifts can be predicted over evolutionary time scales. We applied genome-wide SNP data obtained through low-coverage genome resequencing to define species limits and to compare host-plant use in population samples of leaf- and bud-galling sawflies collected from seven shared willow (<em>Salix</em>) host species. To infer the repeatability of long-term cophylogenetic patterns, we also contrasted the phylogenies of the two galler groups with each other as well as with the phylogeny of their <em>Salix</em> hosts estimated based on RADseq data. We found clear evidence for host specialization and HAD in both of the focal galler groups, but also that leaf gallers are more specialized to single host species than are most bud gallers. In contrast to bud gallers, leaf gallers also exhibit statistically significant cophylogenetic signal with their <em>Salix</em> hosts. The observed discordant patterns of resource specialization and long-term host use in two related galler groups that have radiated in parallel across a shared resource base indicate a general lack of evolutionary repeatability and suggest that short- and long-term host use and ecological diversification in plant-feeding insects are dominated by stochasticity and/or lineage-specific effects.</p>
Genomic evidence for contrasting patterns of host‐associated genetic differentiation across shared host‐plant species in leaf‐ and bud‐galling sawflies
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Figure 1. Ishigakidiplosis karamae and its host plant. A in Integrative taxonomy reveals a new gall midge genus and species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) developing in the flower buds of Pongamia pinnata (Fabaceae) in Japan
Figure 1. Ishigakidiplosis karamae and its host plant. A* Pongamia pinnata (Fabaceae) growing behind mangroves on Ishigaki Island* Japan. B* flower buds of P. pinnata infested with I. karamae (red arrows). C* immature larvae in a flower bud that has been cut open. D* mature larva in a flower bud that has been cut open. E* freshly emerged female. F* freshly emerged male (terminal tarsal segments are lost).
FIGURE. In situ photos of Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense. A. limestone mountain at 1,100–1,200 m elevation, B. P. charlesworthii var. lannaense living on vertical cliffs of limestone, C. P. charlesworthii var. lannaense plant, D. flowering plant with flower bud, E., F. flowering plant (flower color was faded because these photos were taken toward the end of flowering period) (photo. By S. Somboonphon) in Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense, a new slipper orchid from Northern Thailand identified by morphological and AFLP analyses
FIGURE. In situ photos of Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense. A. limestone mountain at 1,100–1,200 m elevation, B. P. charlesworthii var. lannaense living on vertical cliffs of limestone, C. P. charlesworthii var. lannaense plant, D. flowering plant with flower bud, E., F. flowering plant (flower color was faded because these photos were taken toward the end of flowering period) (photo. By S. Somboonphon)
FIGURE 2. Agave infiernilloensis. A. Rosette with recurving inflorescence. B and C. Plants growing over rocky outcrops. D. Distal inflorescence segment. E. Nodes showing buds and flowers. F. Flower. G in Agave infiernilloensis (sect. Choritepalae, Asparagaceae), a gigantic new species from the Balsas Basin in Western Mexico
FIGURE 2. Agave infiernilloensis. A. Rosette with recurving inflorescence. B and C. Plants growing over rocky outcrops. D. Distal inflorescence segment. E. Nodes showing buds and flowers. F. Flower. G. Inflorescence detail. Photographs by Julia Etter & Martin Kristen.
FIGURE 22. Scaphochlamys stenophylla. A. whole plant. B. pulvinate petiole base. C. inflorescence with bud and wilted flower. D. lamina adaxial surface. E. lamina abaxial surface. F. bud with visible violet veins. G. corolla lobes opening, labellum uncoiling. H in A review of Scaphochlamys (Zingiberaceae) from Borneo, with description of eleven new species
FIGURE 22. Scaphochlamys stenophylla. A. whole plant. B. pulvinate petiole base. C. inflorescence with bud and wilted flower. D. lamina adaxial surface. E. lamina abaxial surface. F. bud with visible violet veins. G. corolla lobes opening, labellum uncoiling. H. flower at anthesis, labellum violet with light yellow band along median line until distal cleft. I. corolla lobes reflexed. J. semi-erect fruit. K. immature fruit cross-section. L. stigma and crest. M. spurless anther (specimen in alcohol). N. bracts and bracteoles, artificially opened. A, C, F, G, I & J from OIH74 (type); B, D, E, H, K, L & M from OIH171; N from OIH91.
FIGURE 3. Priogymnanthus colombianus Fern.Alonso & P.A. Morales-M. A. Inflorescences buds before opening from living plant and exsiccate. B. Inflorescences with basal cataphylls and floral bracts. C. Flowers detail. D. Branches with immature fruits. E. Mature fruits. F in Priogymnanthus colombianus (Oleaceae), a new species and first record of genus to Colombia
FIGURE 3. Priogymnanthus colombianus Fern.Alonso & P.A. Morales-M. A. Inflorescences buds before opening from living plant and exsiccate. B. Inflorescences with basal cataphylls and floral bracts. C. Flowers detail. D. Branches with immature fruits. E. Mature fruits. F. mature and immature fruits, and pyrenes showing longitudinal grooves. G. Mature fruit detail. Photos by P.A. Morales M.
FIGURE 12. Triolena vasquezii. A. Plant. B. Inflorescence apex. C. Flower bud. D. Petals, adaxial surface. E in New and noteworthy Melastomataceae from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park and surrounding areas in Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
FIGURE 12. Triolena vasquezii. A. Plant. B. Inflorescence apex. C. Flower bud. D. Petals, adaxial surface. E. Flower, longitudinal section, petals and four stamens removed. F. Hypanthium plus ovary, apical view (left), longitudinal section (right). G. Stamens, from left to right, antesepalous—lateral view, antepetalous—lateral view, antesepalous—dorsal view. antepetalous—dorsal view, antesepalous— ventral view, antepetalous—ventral view. H. Young fruit, longitudinal section. I. Fruits, apical view. A. Valenzuela 11984 (NY); B–I. Michelangeli 2705 (NY, spirit collection).
FIGURE 3 in Nepenthes fractiflexa (Nepenthaceae), a new Bornean pitcher plant exhibiting concaulescent metatopy and a high degree of axillary bud activation
FIGURE 3. Architecture and stem morphology of N. fractiflexa. A) plant entering climbing phase, with late-stage lower pitcher (Mt. Mulu); note fractiflex stem and spontaneous development of petiolar wings towards top-right. B) multi-branched stem (ca. 3 m long) trailing among Dicranopteris linearis ferns (Hose Mountains); note exposed clay laterite. C) detail of the same scrambling vine (Hose Mountains). D) distal end of climbing stem (Mt. Bagong); note dense pubescence. Photographs by B.D. Quinn (A), M. Barer (B, C), and A.S. Robinson (D).
FIGURE 4 in Nepenthes fractiflexa (Nepenthaceae), a new Bornean pitcher plant exhibiting concaulescent metatopy and a high degree of axillary bud activation
FIGURE 4. Rosette and lower pitchers of N. fractiflexa. A) young rosette pitcher (Mt. Mulu). B) older rosette pitcher (Mt. Mulu). C) latestage lower pitcher (Mt. Mulu). D) hanging lower pitchers of two epiphytic rosettes (Batu Buli). E) recently opened lower pitcher (Batu Buli). F) rosette pitcher (Mt. Bagong); note reduced ventral wings and fasciculate spur. Photographs by B.D. Quinn (A, B), A.S. Robinson (C, F), and M. Dančák (D, E).
FIGURE 2 in Nepenthes fractiflexa (Nepenthaceae), a new Bornean pitcher plant exhibiting concaulescent metatopy and a high degree of axillary bud activation
FIGURE 2. Distribution of Nepenthes fractiflexa and N. mollis in Borneo based on accessions held at BO, K, L, SAR and WAN herbaria, supplemented by field observations. Records of N. mollis (as N. hurrelliana) from Batu Buli, Batu Lawi and Mt. Mulu are omitted due to doubts over their identity (see Discussion). Drawn by A.S. Robinson.
FIGURE 1. Nepenthes fractiflexa Golos, A.S.Rob. & Barer. A in Nepenthes fractiflexa (Nepenthaceae), a new Bornean pitcher plant exhibiting concaulescent metatopy and a high degree of axillary bud activation
FIGURE 1. Nepenthes fractiflexa Golos, A.S.Rob. & Barer. A) portion of climbing stem with emerging inflorescence. B) upper pitchers, left ventral view, right lateral view. C) rosette pitcher. D) adaxial detail of a climbing stem leaf showing leaf venation and bract-like prophyll. E) climbing stem bearing upper pitchers and male inflorescence; note fractiflexion of stem. F) inflorescences, above male, below female. G) male flowers. H) detail of upper pitcher lid. I) detail of lower pitcher lid. Based on Anderson 4508 and supplemented with photographs and measurements made of in situ material. Illustration by M. Barer.
FIGURE 6 in Nepenthes fractiflexa (Nepenthaceae), a new Bornean pitcher plant exhibiting concaulescent metatopy and a high degree of axillary bud activation
FIGURE 6. Nepenthes fractiflexa growing in mossy forest on Mt. Bagong. The characteristic climbing stem (complete with spent male inflorescence) is visible in the background. Note the long-decurrent petiolar wings and large axillary prophylls. The orange pseudobulb adjacent to the foreground pitcher is that of a Dendrochilum sp. (Orchidaceae). Photograph by A.S. Robinson.
FIGURE 5 in Nepenthes fractiflexa (Nepenthaceae), a new Bornean pitcher plant exhibiting concaulescent metatopy and a high degree of axillary bud activation
FIGURE 5. Aerial pitchers of N. fractiflexa. A) intermediate pitcher (Mt. Mulu); note similarity in colouration to lower pitchers. B) upper pitcher produced on a different shoot of the same plant (Mt. Mulu). C) upper pitcher (Batu Buli); note undulate lid margins and basal swelling on abaxial lid surface. D) upper pitcher (Batu Lawi); note brown stippling. E) upper pitcher (Hose Mountains). F) upper pitcher (Mt. Bagong). Photographs by B.D. Quinn (A, B), M. Dančák (C), J. De Witte (D), M. Barer (E), and A.S. Robinson (F).
Fig. 5 in Identification of herbivore-induced plant volatiles from selected Rubus species fed upon by raspberry bud moth (Heterocrossa rubophaga) larvae
Fig. 5. Phenology data for Heterocrossa rubophaga on Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) and Rubus cissoides (bush lawyer) from December 2019 to December 2020.
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