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16 results for “plant diversity level”
Bottom-up effects of plant quantity and quality on arthropod diversity across multiple trophic levels in a semi-arid grassland
<p><span>1. </span><span>Plant quantity and quality can independently affect the diversity of the entire arthropod communities and multiple arthropod taxa in grassland ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how these effects on arthropod taxa at one trophic level propagate through food web to influence the diversity of higher trophic levels.</span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>We performed a monoculture experiment with 15 herbaceous species in the Inner Mongolian grassland to investigate how natural variations in plant productivity and host leaf traits affect herbivore taxon richness, which in turn affects predator taxon richness.</span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>For herbivores, plant productivity indirectly promoted herbivore taxon richness by increasing herbivore biomass, which was attributed to the increases in the richness of dominant sucking herbivores and endophytes</span> <span>with high food requirements. However, the high plant quality indicator (e.g. high leaf protein, phosphorus and water contents, and high leaf protein to carbohydrate ratio) directly increased, whereas the low plant quality indicator (e.g. high leaf lignin content) directly decreased herbivore taxon richness. Taxon richness of chewing and sucking herbivores with specific feeding modes (tearing or sucking mouthparts) showed strong positive responses to increas</span><span>ing</span><span> plant quality.</span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>For predators, herbivore taxon richness, rather than herbivore biomass, mainly mediated the positive effects of plant productivity and the high plant quality indicator, but the negative effect of the low plant quality indicator, on predator taxon richness. At the feeding guild level, the taxon richness of parasitoids, other predators and spiders exhibited positive responses to different herbivores, which was attributed to their different diet preferences. Predator diversity could be promoted by prey partitioning among predator guilds facilitating species coexistence. At the family level, the taxon richness of most predator families was positively correlated with that of more than one herbivore family, suggesting that high predator diversity may </span><span>be caused by balanced diets owing to high prey diversity.</span></p> <p><span>5. Synthesis</span><span>.</span><span> Natural variations in plant quantity and quality can substantially affect the diversity of herbivores and cascade up the food web to affect predators. Specificity and mechanisms of feeding have a large impact on the responses of arthropod guilds at each trophic level.</span></p>
Parcel level temporal variance of remotely sensed spectral reflectance predicts plant diversity
<p>Over the last two decades, considerable research has built on remote sensing of spectral diversity to assess plant diversity. The spectral variation hypothesis (SVH) proposes that spatial variation in reflectance data of an area is positively associated with plant diversity. While the SVH has exhibited validity in dense forests, it performs poorly in highly fragmented and temporally dynamic agricultural landscapes covered mainly by grasslands. Such underperformance can be attributed to the mosaic-like spatial structure of human-dominated landscapes with fields in varying phenological and management stages. Therefore, we argued for re-evaluating SVH's flawed window-based spatial analysis and underutilized temporal component. In particular, In particular, we captured the spatial and temporal variation in reflectance and assessed the relationships between spatial and temporal components of spectral diversity and plant diversity at the parcel level as a unit that relates to management patterns. Our investigation spanned three grasslands on two continents covering a wide spectrum of agricultural usage intensities. To calculate different components of spectral diversity, we used multi-temporal spaceborne Sentinel-2 data. We showed that plant diversity was negatively associated with the temporal component of spectral diversity across all sites. In contrast, the spatial component of spectral diversity was related to plant diversity in sites with larger parcels. Our findings highlighted that in agricultural landscapes, the temporal component of spectral diversity drives the spectral diversityplant diversity associations. Consequently, our results offer a novel perspective for remote sensing of plant diversity globally.</p>
Parcel level temporal variance of remotely sensed spectral reflectance predicts plant diversity
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Bottom-up effects of plant quantity and quality on arthropod diversity across multiple trophic levels in a semi-arid grassland
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Data from: Partitioning the effects of plant diversity on ecosystem functions at different trophic levels
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning can be partitioned into complementarity effects, driven by many species, and selection effects, driven by few. Selection effects occur through interspecific abundance shifts (dominance) and intraspecific shifts in functioning. Complementarity and selection effects are often calculated for biomass, but very rarely for secondary productivity, i.e. energy transfer to higher trophic levels. We calculated diversity effects for three functions: aboveground biomass, insect herbivory and pathogen infection, the latter two as proxies for energy transfer to higher trophic levels, in a grassland experiment (PaNDiv) manipulating species richness, functional composition, nitrogen enrichment and fungicide treatment. Complementarity effects were on average positive and selection effects negative for biomass production and pathogen infection and multiple species contributed to diversity effects in mixtures. Diversity effects were on average less pronounced for herbivory. Diversity effects for the three functions were not correlated, because different species drove the different diversity effects. Benefits (and costs) from growing in diverse communities, be it reduced herbivore or pathogen damage or increased productivity either due to abundance increases or increased productivity per area were distributed across different plant species, leading to highly variable contributions of single species to diversity effects on different functions. These results show that different underlying ecological mechanisms can result in similar overall diversity effects across functions.</span></p>
Plant genotypic diversity effects on soil nematodes vary with trophic level
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Data from: Foraging responses of sheep to plant spatial micro-patterns can cause diverse associational effects of focal plant at individual and population levels
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Data from: Early stages of sea-level rise lead to decreased salt marsh plant diversity through stronger competition in Mediterranean-climate marshes
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Data from: Abundance, origin and phylogeny of plants do not predict community-level patterns of pathogen diversity and infection
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Data from: Partitioning the effects of plant diversity on ecosystem functions at different trophic levels
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Patch-level facilitation fosters high-Andean plant diversity at regional scales
<p>Survey of the alpine vegetation in seven mountains of the Patagonian Andes from January to March of 2017 and 2018. On each mountain, we established one study site at each of three elevations (1600, 1800 and 2000 m). Accordingly, we sampled a total of 21 alpine plant communities (i.e., seven mountains x three elevations) dominated by cushion plants. At each community, 50 individual cushion plants were haphazardly selected within an area of approx. 0.5 ha, pairing each cushion with an adjacent non-cushion or open area 50 cm away in a random direction. In order to sample a similar surface in the surrounding open area, a wire hoop was shaped to match the size of the sampled cushion that was then placed on the ground. The number and identity of all plant species were recorded at both cushion and open area plots. Given that cushion plants are roughly elliptical, microsites were defined as elliptical plots, and thus, the longer and shorter axes of each cushion were measured as an approximate estimation of its area. In total, we sampled 2100 plots (1050 cushion plants and 1050 open area plots).</p>
Plant genetic diversity affects interactions among multiple trophic levels
<p><strong>A datasheet to reveal plant genetic diversity effects on the interactions among multiple trophic levels</strong></p>
Plant genetic diversity affects multiple trophic levels and trophic interactions
<p>We analyse 4702 effect sizes reported in 413 studies that consider effects of plant genetic diversity on trophic groups and their interactions.</p>
R code for the "Plant genetic diversity affects multiple trophic levels and trophic interactions"
<p>R code for the "Plant genetic diversity affects multiple trophic levels and trophic interactions"</p>
Plant genetic diversity affects interactions among multiple trophic levels
<p><strong>R codes for p</strong><strong>lant genetic diversity effects on the interactions among multiple trophic levels</strong></p>
Data of plant genetic diversity affects multiple trophic levels and trophic interactions
<p>Data of plant genetic diversity affects multiple trophic levels and trophic interactions</p>
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