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4 results for “plant diversity-productivity relationship”
Changes in the direction of the diversity-productivity relationship over fifteen years of stand development in a planted temperate forest
<p>Experiments manipulating diversity in both forests and grasslands have often observed a positive diversity-productivity relationship (DPR) which tends to strengthen during plant community development. This pattern is generally attributed to an increase in niche complementarity or facilitation. Most analyses do not examine species dominance and density, which also change over time. Moreover, how neighbourhood scale interactions among tree species affect the DPR is not well understood.</p> <p>We analysed growth and mortality data from the Simplex experiment, a part of the BIOTREE tree diversity experiment. Simplex consists of 36 plots each planted with four common and commercially important tree species to create a gradient of tree species evenness at two tree densities (6667 and 3556 trees ha<sup>-1</sup>). We test whether: i) the effect of evenness on total aboveground biomass productivity increase with stand development (year), ii) the effect of evenness on productivity is stronger in dense plots; iii) intra-specific competition from neighbours negatively affect the growth of dominant species more strongly compared to co-dominant species, and whether this negative effect is stronger in denser plots.</p> <p>The direction of DPR was initially negative because the fast-growing long-lived pioneer Douglas fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em> (Mirb.) Franco) dominated. However, with time, shade tolerant Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies </em>(L.) Karst.) and European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica </em>L.) increased in abundance (by biomass), and the relationship between evenness and biomass increment changed from negative to positive in high-density plots. Neighbourhood analyses revealed that for Douglas fir and Norway spruce, conspecifics reduced individual growth rates across density levels and years.</p> <p>Synthesis: We observed a shift in the diversity-productivity relationship over 15 years in our experiment. Over time, increasing intraspecific competition limited the increment of the abundant Douglas fir in uneven plots, and a persistent increase in the abundance (by biomass) of shade tolerant Norway spruce and European beech in even plots led to a higher community biomass increment, which led to a positive DPR. Emergence of a positive DPR in temperate forest plantations requires significant time and is importantly promoted by diversity at the neighbourhood scale (intimate mixtures) as well as higher density planting.</p>
Diversity-conditioned soil strengthens plant diversity-productivity relationship
<p><span>How biodiversity affects terrestrial productivity is important to the maintenance of ecosystem services under global change. </span><span>Although the crucial role of plant-soil feedbacks (PSF) in determining diversity-productivity relationship has been increasingly recognized in recent years, its legacy effects on subsequent diversity-productivity relationship are still unclear.</span> </p> <p><span>We conducted a classic PSF experiment to assess how plant diversity-conditioned soils influenced subsequent plant diversity-productivity relationships, where three plant diversity levels (1, 4, and 8 species) were planted in soils conditioned at three diversity levels (conditioned by 1, 4, and 8 species for 3 years). In addition, to test the role of soil microbial diversity in mediating the effects of soil conditioning diversity</span><span>,</span><span> the three plant diversity levels were planted with</span><span> low, moderate, and high soil biodiversity created by a soil inoculum dilution.</span></p> <p><span>The results showed that plant productivities were promoted by mixed-conditioned soils (4 and 8 species) compared to mono-conditioned soils (1 species). Productivity was </span><span>positively related to </span><span>planted diversity</span><span> in mixed-conditioned soils, while</span><span> showing no relation to planted diversity in </span><span>mono-conditioned soils. Productivity was promoted by soil </span><span>biodiversity </span><span>when 4 and 8 species were mixed planted, while it did not change when 1 species was planted. </span></p> <p><span><em><strong>Synthesis and applications</strong></em>. </span><span>Our results highlight that</span> <span>PSF is crucial to strengthening the positive effects of biodiversity on productivity, implying that </span><span>diversifying cropping systems</span><span> should be encouraged in agroecosystem management to </span><span>benefit from</span><span> positive PSF effects.</span><span> The importance of soil legacy for optimizing plant productivity is particularly important for conditioning soils</span> <span>with an intermediate number of plant species</span><span>.</span></p>
Changes in the direction of the diversity-productivity relationship over fifteen years of stand development in a planted temperate forest
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Diversity-conditioned soil strengthens plant diversity-productivity relationship
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