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106 results for “plant functional diversity”
The Biomass and Plant Functional Traits of Leymus chinensis Affected by Genotypic Diversity and Soil Nitrogen Addition through a Two-year Experiment, Tianjin, China, 2021-2023
In order to investigate the effects of soil nitrogen addition on the genotypic diversity of Leymus chinensis, 12 genotypes of Leymus chinensis were used as plant material and a two-factor experimental design was carried out in this study. Factor one was genotypic diversity of L. chinensis, including three levels: mono-genotype (G1), three genotypes (G3), and six genotypes (G6). Factor two was the soil nitrogen addition level, which included four levels: no nitrogen addition (N0), 2.5 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N2.5), 5 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N5), and 10 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N10). Each treatment had 12 combinations as replicates, and 12 genotypes of L. chinensis were used. The frequency of each genotype was standardized across all treatment levels of genotypic diversity × soil nitrogen addition. The experiment commenced in September 2021 and soil nitrogen was applied every 2 months. Plants were cultivated in the experimental field at Nankai University, but were moved to a greenhouse for overwintering from November to February each year. During the experiment, there were no stresses or disturbances such as shading, drought, or insect feeding; weeds were regularly removed.
Compiled database, code and raw data for the article "A Comprehensive Database of Leaf Temperature, Water, and CO2 Fluxes in Young Oil Palm Plants Across Diverse Climate Scenarios for the Evaluation of Functional-Structural Models"
<p>This dataset results from an experiment on young oil palm plants (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) in the Ecotron facility from CNRS in Montpellier. Four plants were put in a microcosm one by one with varying climatic conditions to investigate the effect of climate on leaf temperature, CO2, and H2O fluxes at the plant scale. The conditions were defined based on typical daily conditions from a location where it is grown (Libo, Indonesia), <em>i.e.</em>, a day with no rainfall and near-average air temperature and humidity. This base condition was then modified by adding more CO2 (400, 600 and 800ppm), less radiation (typical cloudy sky), and more or less temperature and vapour pressure deficit (± 30%).</p> <p>Find more details from the <code>README.md</code> file in the repository or from the associated <a href="https://github.com/PalmStudio/Biophysics_database_palm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Github repository</a>.</p>
Impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi on the taxonomic and functional diversity of forest plants in a mediterranean-type biodiversity hotspot
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Diversity-rich mediterranean-type sclerophyllous forests are home to 20% of described species on Earth. In the <em>Eucalyptus marginata</em> (jarrah) forest of southwest of Western Australia diversity is being reduced by extensive human use and the introduction of the plant pathogen <em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em>. This study investigated the influence of <em>P. cinnamomi </em>infestation on the structure, taxonomic and functional diversity, and species composition of the forest.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Location</strong>: Jarrah forest of southwestern Australia</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Species<strong> </strong>abundance, understorey cover and canopy cover were assessed along 22, 30-m long transects which crossed infested and non-infested zones in five reserves in the jarrah forest. A trait database was assembled for 137 plants using 13 traits related to nutrient- and carbon acquisition, disturbance tolerance and reproduction. The responses of canopy cover, understorey cover, species richness, Shannon diversity, evenness, abundance, and functional diversity for trait groups, and all groups combined were modelled against reserve and zone as fixed effects and transect and transect section as random effects. To assess the species composition, NMDS ordination based on Bray Curtis resemblance and indicator species analyses were used.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Results</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Significantly higher understorey cover, species richness, Shannon diversity and evenness were recorded in non-infested compared to infested zones, but there were no changes in the canopy cover and overall abundance. In non-infested zones, the functional diversity of nutrient acquisition and reproductive traits was higher, but the functional diversity of carbon acquisition traits was lower. No difference in functional diversity was recorded in disturbance tolerance and overall traits between the two zones. NMDS ordination and ANOSIM revealed a significant difference in the species composition between the two zones, and 11 indicator species significantly associated with infested and non-infested zones were identified.<strong> </strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em> has significantly affected the forest structure, taxonomic and functional diversity, and species composition. Contrasting responses of functional trait groups obscured overall trait responses to <em>P. cinnamomi.</em></p>
Drivers of plant diversity, community composition, functional traits and soil processes along an alpine gradient in the central Chilean Andes
<p>The datasets in this repository include plant community surveys, hyperspectral reflectance data at the leaf and canopy level, leaf trait data, and soil chemistry data collected at five sites along an elevation gradient of 2400m-3500m in the Chilean Andes (33°S, 70°W). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental drivers of community assembly processes along the elevation gradient.</p>
Fire promotes functional plant diversity and modifies soil carbon dynamics in tropical savanna
<p>The dataset associated with the manuscript "Fire promotes functional plant diversity and modifies soil carbon dynamics in tropical savanna" (Teixeira et al.) includes 6 different datasets, for which we provided one metadata.<br> </p> <p><strong>Version 2</strong> includes an update of the biomass data set, including the correct transformation to g/m2 on fine roots biomass data.<br><br><strong>Version 3 </strong>includes an update of the belowground traits data set based on correcting formatting errors in the belowground traits data. <br><br><strong>Version 4 </strong>Sorry for the inconvenience. This version includes the correct updated belowground traits data file based on the correct formatting errors in the belowground trait data. <br><br>fluxes: it includes data related to net ecosystem C and water exchange. NEE and ET from each plot were measured using the LiCOR 7500 infrared gas analyzer (Li-Cor Inc.). See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>soil_carbon: it includes carbon soil data.<br><br>biomass_v2: it includes data related to aboveground and belowground biomass. Aboveground data were collected in 0.5m2 subplot and belowground at 0.25m2 at 20cm depth both within 1m2 sampling plot. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>aboveground_traits: all aboveground functional traits from plant species. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>belowground_traitsv3: all roots functional traits from plant species. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>species_composition: plant community composition. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p><br><strong>Abstract</strong><br>Fire is an evolutionary environmental filter in tropical savanna ecosystems altering functional diversity and associated C pools in the biosphere and fluxes between the atmosphere and biosphere. Therefore, alterations in fire regimes (e.g. fire exclusion) will strongly influence ecosystem processes and associated dynamics. In those ecosystems, C dynamics and functions are underestimated by the fire-induced offset between C output and input. To determine how fire shapes ecosystem C pools and fluxes in an open savanna across recently burned and fire excluded areas, we measured the following metrics: (I) plant diversity including taxonomic (i.e. richness, evenness) and plant functional diversity (i.e. functional diversity, functional richness, functional dispersion and community weighted means); (II) structure (i.e. above- and below-ground biomass, litter accumulation); and (III) functions related to C balance (i.e. net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub> </sub>exchange (NEE), ecosystem transpiration (ET), soil respiration (soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux), ecosystem water use efficiency (eWUE) and total soil organic C (SOC). We found that fire promoted aboveground live and belowground biomass, including belowground organs, and coarse and fine root biomass, and contributed to higher biomass allocation belowground. Fire also increased both functional diversity and dispersion. NEE and total SOC were higher in burned plots compared to fire-excluded plots whereas soil respiration recorded lower values in burned areas. Both ET and eWUE were not affected by fire. Fire strongly favored functional diversity, fine root, and belowground organ biomass in piecewise SEM models but the role of both functional diversity and ecosystem structure to mediate the effect of fire on ecosystem functions remain unclear. Fire regime will impact C balance, and fire exclusion may lead to lower C input in open savanna ecosystems.</p>
Dataset of Rainy years counteract negative effects of drought on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity: resilience in annual plant communities
<p>Data used in the article: </p> <p><strong>Rainy years counteract negative effects of drought on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity: resilience in annual plant communities</strong></p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>1- Climate models forecast changes in the amounts and distribution of rain, which may affect ecosystems worldwide, especially in drylands where water is already the limiting factor for plant life. Annual plant communities are common in drylands where they can complete their entire life cycle during the rainy period while avoiding the dry season. Moreover, seed dormancy allows them to disperse over time by remaining in the seed bank for long periods. However, the extent to which these communities will be able to tolerate increasing drought is uncertain.</p> <p>2- We performed a five-year rainfall reduction treatment under field conditions and determined its effects on annual plant communities in a Mediterranean gypsum ecosystem. We assessed the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of these communities each year for five years.</p> <p>3-The taxonomic and functional diversity decreased under the rainfall reduction treatment whereas the phylogenetic diversity increased. Moreover, the relative importance of species with drought-resistant functional designs increased in the community assemblages. However, after a rainy season with above average rainfall, all of the diversity values recovered completely even under the rainfall reduction treatment.</p> <p>4- Our results provide important insights into the responses of these plant communities under a climate change scenario, where they indicate high losses of diversity during drought events but rapid recovery in milder years.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em> Our findings highlight the great resilience of annual plant communities in drylands, which may allow them to tolerate increased drought under the present climate change scenario.</p>
Figure 5 in Hundred years of Botany at the NWU: contributions towards understanding plant and algae function, diversity and restoration in a changing environment
Figure 5: Mr Sello D. Phalatse, first Botanist at Mahikeng Campus (1983–2008), founder and curator of the University of NorthWest Herbarium (Source: NWU Records, Archives and Museum) (Source: NWU Corporate Relations and Marketing).
Figure 4 in Hundred years of Botany at the NWU: contributions towards understanding plant and algae function, diversity and restoration in a changing environment
Figure 4. Botanical Garden – Waterfall on Prof. Daan Botha's koppie. (Photo: Chris van Niekerk from NWU Botanical Garden collection).
Figure 3. Prof. A.P in Hundred years of Botany at the NWU: contributions towards understanding plant and algae function, diversity and restoration in a changing environment
Figure 3. Prof. A.P Goossens, first Professor and Head of Department of Botany (Source: NWU Records, Archives and Museum).
Drivers of plant diversity, community composition, functional traits and soil processes along an alpine gradient in the central Chilean Andes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi on the taxonomic and functional diversity of forest plants in a mediterranean-type biodiversity hotspot
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Agricultural intensification reduces plant taxonomic and functional diversity across European arable systems.
<p>1. Agricultural intensification is one of the main drivers of species loss worldwide, but there is still a lack of information about its effect on functional diversity of arable weeds communities.</p> <p>2. Using a large scale pan European study including 786 fields within 261 farms from eight countries, we analysed differences in the taxonomic and functional diversity of arable weeds assemblages across different levels of agricultural intensification in. We estimated weed species frequency in each field, and collected species' traits (vegetative height, specific leaf area and seed mass) from the TRY plant trait database. With this information we estimated taxonomic (species richness), functional composition (community weighted means) and functional diversity (functional richness, evenness, divergence and redundancy). We used indicators of agricultural management intensity at the individual field scale (e.g. yield, inputs of nitrogen fertilizer and herbicides, frequency of mechanical weed control practices) and at the landscape scale surrounding the field (i.e. number of crop types, mean field size and proportion of arable land cover within a radius of 500m from the sampling points).</p> <p>3. The effects of agricultural intensification on species and functional richness at the field scale were stronger than those of intensification at the landscape scale, and we did not observe evidence of interacting effects between the two scales. Overall, assemblages in more intensified areas had fewer species, a higher prevalence of species with ruderal strategies (low stature, high leaf area, light seeds), and lower functional redundancy.</p> <p>4. Maintaining the diversity of Europe's arable weed communities requires some simple management interventions, for example, reducing the high intensity of field-level agricultural management across Europe, which could be complemented by interventions that increase landscape complexity.</p>
Data from: Multiple facets of diversity effects on plant productivity: species richness, functional diversity, species identity and intraspecific competition
<p>1. Deciphering the mechanisms that drive variation in biomass production across plant communities of contrasting species composition and diversity is a main challenge of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research. Niche complementarity and selection effect have been widely investigated to address biodiversity-productivity relationships. However, the overlooking of the specific role played by key species have limited so far our capacity to comprehensively assess the relative importance of other potential drivers of biodiversity effects.</p> <p>2. Here, we conducted a grassland diversity-productivity experiment to test how four potential facets of biodiversity effects, namely species richness, functional diversity, species identity and the relaxation of intraspecific competition, account for variations in above and root biomass production.</p> <p>3. We grew six plant species in monoculture, as well as in every combinations of two, three and six species. Plant density was kept constant across the richness gradient but we additionally grew each species in half-density monoculture to estimate the strength of intraspecific competition for each studied species. We characterized eight functional traits, including root traits, related to nutrient and light acquisition and computed both the functional dissimilarity and the community weighted mean (CWM) of each trait. We further partitioned aboveground biodiversity effect into complementarity and selection effects.</p> <p>4. We observed strong positive biodiversity effects on both aboveground and root biomass as well as strong positive complementarity effect. These arose largely from the presence of a particular species (<i>Plantago lanceolata</i>) and from CWM trait values more than from a higher functional dissimilarity in plant mixtures. <i>P. lanceolata</i> displayed the highest intraspecific competition, which was strongly relaxed in species mixtures. By contrast, the presence of <i>Sanguisorba minor</i> negatively affected the productivity of plant mixtures, this species suffering more from interspecific than intraspecific competition.</p> <p>5. This study provides strong evidences that the search for key species is critical to understand the role of species diversity on ecosystem functioning and demonstrates the major role that the balance between intraspecific and interspecific competition plays in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Developing more integrative approaches in community and ecosystem ecology can offer opportunities to better understand the role that species diversity plays on ecosystem functioning.</p>
Dataset for paper "Interpreting the shifts in forest structure, plant community composition, diversity, and functional identity by using remote sensing-derived wildfire severity"
<p>Interpreting the shifts in forest structure, plant community composition, diversity, and functional identity by using remote sensing-derived wildfire severity . New collected data</p>
Tables S1 and S2. Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, and Function of Plant Falcarin-type Polyactylenic Lipids
<p>Table S1. Compounds and structures used to generate structural similarity network in Figure 2.</p> <p>Table S2. List of functional FAD2s used to generate Figures 4 and 5.</p>
Data for functional diversity and habitat preferences of native grassland plants and ground-dwelling invertebrates in private gardens along an urbanisation gradient
<p>Urbanisation influences biodiversity and ecosystem functions. However, private domestic gardens provide habitats for many species. Challenging conditions in urban gardens may support species possessing certain traits, but exclude other species. Functional diversity is therefore often altered in urban gardens. We surveyed native grassland plants and ground-dwelling invertebrates (snails, slugs, spiders, millipedes, woodlice, ants, rove beetles), and compiled data on urbanisation (distance to city centre, percentage of sealed area) and garden characteristics. We furthermore derived data on traits and habitat preferences for the species recorded in the gardens from the literature and own measurements. The survey comprised 35 domestic gardens along a rural-urban gradient in the city of Basel, Switzerland and its surroundings.</p>
Data from: Grassland type and seasonal effects have a bigger influence on plant functional and taxonomical diversity than prairie dog disturbances in semi-arid grasslands
<p>Prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.) are considered keystone species and ecosystem engineers for their grazing and burrowing activities (summarized here as disturbances). As climate changes and its variability increases, the mechanisms underlying organisms' interactions with their habitat will likely shift. Understanding the mediating role of prairie dog disturbance on vegetation structure, and its interaction with environmental conditions through time, will increase knowledge on the risks and vulnerability of grasslands. Here, we compared how plant taxonomical diversity, functional diversity metrics and community-weighted trait means (CWM) respond to prairie dog C. mexicanus disturbance across grassland types and seasons (dry and wet) in a priority conservation semiarid grassland of Northeast Mexico. Our findings suggest that functional metrics and CWM analyses responded to interactions between prairie dog disturbance, grassland type and season, whilst species diversity and cover measures were less sensitive to the role of prairie dog disturbance. We found weak evidence that prairie dog disturbance has a negative effect on vegetation structure, except for minimal effects on C4 and graminoid cover, but which depended mainly on season. Grassland type and season explained most of the effects on plant functional and taxonomic diversity as well as CWM traits. Furthermore, we found that leaf area as well as forb and annual cover increased during the wet season, independent of prairie dog disturbance. Our results provide evidence that grassland type and season have a stronger effect than prairie dog disturbance on the vegetation of this short-grass, water restricted grassland ecosystem. We argue that focusing solely on disturbance and grazing effects is misleading, and attention is needed on the relationships between vegetation and environmental conditions which will be critical to understand semi-arid grassland dynamics under future climate change conditions in the region. </p>
Data from: The functional diversity–productivity relationship of woody plants is climatically sensitive
<p><span>Plot-scale experiments show that functional diversity (FD) plays a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem functions such as net primary productivity (NPP). However, how FD affects NPP across larger scales under varying climatic conditions is sparsely studied, yet is important for forest–atmosphere interactions and policy development. </span></p> <p><span>Hence, we assess the effects of functional dispersion (FDis) and community-weighted means (CWMs) of woody plant traits on NPP across China and if such effects are modulated by climatic conditions at large scale. Using comprehensive datasets on distribution, functional traits and productivity for 9120 Chinese woody plant species, we evaluated the distribution pattern and the relationships of FDis and CWM (including three orthogonal trait indicators: plant size, photosynthetic capacity and flower duration) with NPP through multiple linear regression models. Structural equation models were used to test the effects of climatic conditions on FDis/CWM–NPP relationships.</span></p> <p><span>We found both general FD effects, but also that the magnitude of these could be modified by climate, with CWM and FDis of plant size especially promoting NPP in warm and wet regions, respectively. Climate indirectly increased NPP through positive effects on CWM or FDis, notably via mean photosynthetic capacity.</span></p> <p><span>This study provides the first comprehensive evidence for FD effects on NPP under varying climates at large scale. Importantly, our results suggest a general increase in the importance of plant traits for woody vegetation NPP with rising temperatures and wetter climates. Restoration and reforestation actions need to carefully consider not just CWMs and FDis, but, as an additional path, also their interactions with climate, to predict how FD may promote ecosystem functioning under future climatic conditions.</span></p>
Data and Code for "No general support of functional diversity enhancing resilience across terrestrial plant communities"
<p>The data and code provided here is to support the study "No general support of functional diversity enhancing resilience across terrestrial plant communities" </p> <p>This repository contains the following files:</p> <p> The code to reproduce main analysisi and graphs in R and HTML format</p> <ul> <li>RcodeNoGeneralSupport.R</li> <li>RcodeNoGeneralSupport.html</li> </ul> <p>The data to be used for the different analyses</p> <ul> <li>ResilienceFDIndices.csv</li> <li>ResilienceFDIndices-BiomassH.csv</li> <li>ResilienceFDIndices-BiomassW.csv</li> <li>ResilienceFDIndices-CompositionW.csv</li> <li>ResilienceFDIndices-Herbaceous.csv</li> <li>ResilienceFDIndices-woody.csv</li> <li>ResilienceSR.csv</li> <li>ResilienceSR-BiomassH.csv</li> <li>ResilienceSR-BiomassW.csv</li> <li>ResilienceSR-CompositionW.csv</li> <li>ResilienceSR-herbaceous.csv</li> <li>ResilienceSR-woody.csv</li> </ul> <p>The detailed information for each variable in each data set</p> <ul> <li>README.txt</li> </ul>
Figure 1. First lecture room for Botany – a in Hundred years of Botany at the NWU: contributions towards understanding plant and algae function, diversity and restoration in a changing environment
Figure 1. First lecture room for Botany – a stable (Source: NWU Records, Archives and Museum).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.